on the frequency of shovel-shaped incisor hungarians in s...

ANNALES HISTORICO-NATURALES MUSEI NATIONALIS HUNGARICI Tomus 82. Budapest, 1990 p. 241-247.

On the frequency of shovel-shaped incisors in Hungarians *

by T. TÓTH, Budapest

T. T Ö T H : On t h e f r e q u e n c y o f s h o v e l - s h a p e d i n c i s o r s i n H u n g a r i a n s . - A n n l s h i s t . - n a t . Mus, n a t n . h u n g . 1 990, 82: 241-247.

A b s t r a c t - A c o m p a r a t i v e a n a l y s i s o f one o d o n t o m o r p h o l o g i c p a t t e r n s by d i f ­f e r e n t s u b c o n t i n e n t a l e t h n i c g r o u p s i s g i v e n . W i t h 4 t a b l e s and 2 f i g u r e s .

I n t r o d u c t i o n - The e t h n i c a l o d o n t o l o g y has been d e v e l o p e d s t e p by s t e p i n g e n e r a l a n t h r o p o l o g y m a k i n g p o s s i b l e t h e o u t l i n i n g as w e l l as t h e c o m p a r a t i v e a n a l y s i s o f t h e m a i n a r e a l and s u b c o n t i n e n t a l m i c r o r e g i o n a l g r o u p s o f Ma n k i n d and c e r t a i n p o p u l a t i o n s by t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u n d e r s : HRDLICKA, DAHLBERG, SELMER-OLSEN, PEDERSEN, HANIHARA, ZUBOV. A t t e n t i o n must be d r a w n t o t h e d i a g n o s t i c v a l u e o f t h e s h o v e l - s h a p e d n e s s (HRDLICKA 1 9 2 0 ) . I n t h e l a s t d e c a d e s t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h e s h o v e l - s h a p e d i n c i s o r s w ere r e v i e w e d i n t h e u n i v e r s a l r e f e r e n c e s , t o o (CARBONELL 1963, ZUBOV 1968, 1 9 7 3 ) .

MATERIAL AND METHODS

I t was t h e f i r s t o c c a s i o n b e t w e e n 1969 and 1 9 7 1 t h a t t h e l i n g u a l s u r ­f a c e s o f t h e m e d i a l and l a t e r a l i n c i s o r s o f a d u l t m a l e s f r o m a number o f e t h -n o g e o g r a p h i c a l g r o u p s o f t h e H u n g a r i a n p e o p l e were a n a l y z e d . F o r t h e g r o u p i n g o f t h i s s u r f a c e p e c u l i a r i t y t h e c o n v e n t i o n a l f o u r d e g r e e s were u s e d (HANIHARA 1963, 1 9 6 6 ; ZUBOV 1 9 6 8 ) a p p l y i n g a d e n t i s t i c s p e c u l u m . Data have been s a m p l e d f r o m 3310 men ( a g e d b e t w e e n 20 and 6 0 ) l i v i n g i n 28 l o c a l i t i e s o f H u n g a r y : Ű r i s z e n t p é t e r , S z a l a f ö , B a j á n s e n y e ( a l l f r o m Ő r s é g ) , C s o n k a h e g y h á t , Kus-t á n s z e g , B e c s v ö l g y e , M i l e j s z e g , P e t r i k e r e s z t u r ( a l l f r o m G ö c s e j ) , K a r c a g , K u n m a d a r a s , Kunhegyes ( a l l f r o m t h e M i d d l e - T i s z a R e g i o n ) , J á s z a p á t i , J á s z ­á r o k s z á l l á s , J á s z f é n y s z a r u ( a l l f r o m J á s z s á g ) , T a k t a h a r k á n y , T a k t a k e n é z , Tak-tabáj ( a l l f r o m T a k t a k ö z ) , G a c s á j , R o z s á l y , M a t o l c s ( a l l f r o m S z a m o s h á t ) , A s z a l ó , S z i k s z ó , S z e n d r ő , B o l d v a , ( n o r t h e a s t e r n g r o u p o f t h e s o - c a l l e d P a l ó c ­s á g ) , G y ö n g y ö s t a r j á n , M e z ő k ö v e s d ( s o u t h e r n g r o u p o f t h e Pal ó c s á g and M a t y ó s ) , H i m ó d , K i s f a l u d ( f r o m R á b a k ö z ) . Thus i n t h e c o n t i n g e n t i n c l u d e d t h e s o u t h ­w e s t e r n , n o r t h - w e s t e r n , c e n t r a l , n o r t h e r n and n o r t h - e a s t e r n g r o u p s o f Hung a r ­i a n s i n h a b i t i n g t h e T r a n s d a n u b i a n as w e l l as t h e M i d d l e - and U p p e r - T i s z a r e ­g i o n s ( F i g . 1 ) . I n t h e n e a r p a s t we e s t i m a t e d t h e e x p r e s s i v i t y o f s h o v e l -- s h a p e d n e s s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d l o c a l g r o u p s (TÓTH 1 9 8 1 ) .

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

I t was f o u n d t h a t i n t h e l o c a l g r o u p s t h e f i r s t two f o r m s ( 0 and 1) o f t h e l i n g u a l s u r f a c e o f t h e u p p e r m e d i a l i n c i s o r s w e r e i n p r e d o m i n a n t m a j o r i t y

T h i s p a p e r was p r e s e n t e d a t t h e V l l l t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l Symposium on D e n t a l M o r p h o l o g y h e l d i n J e r u s a l e m on t h e 1 1 t h May, 1 9 8 9 .

above t h e two o t h e r forms ( 2 and ij. r u n n e r t h e u n e q u a l g e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i ­b u t i o n of t h e f i r s t two forms ( 1 0 and 1) was e s t a b l i s h e d .

I n t h e p r e s e n t p a p e r t h e l o c a l c o n t i n g e n t s have been summarized f o r e v a l u a t i n g t h e s p e c i f i c i t i e s m a n i f e s t i n g t h e m s e l v e s r a t h e r on t h e . l e v e l of t h e n i n e e t h n o g e o g r a p h i c a l g r o u p s ( T a b l e s 1 and 2 ) .

I t was found t h a t i n t h e c a s e of t h e upper m e d i a l i n c i s o r s any l i n g u a l s u r f a c e r e p r e s e n t i n g forms 0 and 1 was i n p r e p o n d e r a n t m a j o r i t y above t h e two o t h e r forms ( 2 and 3) ( T a b l e 1 ) . I t c o u l d be s t a t e d f u r t h e r t h a t t h e two forms 0 and 1 a r e p r e s e n t i n n e a r l y e q u a l p r o p o r t i o n i n t h e f o u r r e g i o n a l g r oups ( T a b l e 1 ) . I t must be s t r e s s e d f u r t h e r t h a t form 2 was i n p r e p o n d e r a n t m a j o r i t y above form 3 i n a l l of t h e s t u d i e d n i n e r e g i o n a l groups ( T a b l e 1 ) . The l a s t mentioned f a c t s u p p o r t s t h a t t h e Mongoloid component h a s o n l y an i n s i g n i f i c a n t p r o p o r t i o n i n t h e s t u d i e d H u n g a r i a n male p o p u l a t i o n . I t i s beyond doubt t h a t t h e H u n g a r i a n male p o p u l a t i o n i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by t h e c l e a r l y e x p r e s s e d p e c u l i a r i t i e s of t h e E u r o p o i d r a c i a l s t o c k , i . e . upper me­d i a l i n c i s o r s have p r i m a r i l y t h e f i r s t two forms ( 0 and 1) ( T a b l e s 1 and 3 ) . C o n c e r n i n g t h e upper l a t e r a l i n c i s o r s t h e f r e q u e n c y of e a c h from t h e f o u r o d o n t o s c o p i c a l t r a i t s g e n e r a l l y h a s a s i m i l a r d i s t r i b u t i o n ( T a b l e 2 ) . The d i s t r i b u t i o n of forms 0 and 1 p r o v e d to be s i m i l a r i n f o u r out of t h e n i n e s t u d i e d e t h n o g e o g r a p h i c a l g r o u p s , w h e r e a s form 2 a p p e a r s o f t e n w i t h a h i g h e r f r e q u e n c y on t h e l a t e r a l i n c i s o r t h a n on t h e m e d i a l on ( T a b l e s 1 and 2 ) . T h i s may be t h e r e a s o n why we can f i n d a s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e between t h e two

F i g . 1. D i s t r i b u t i o n map of t h e s t u d i e d H u n g a r i a n g r o u p s : l = ö r s é g , 2= Csonka­h e g y h á t , 3= K u s t á n s z e g , 4= B e c s v ö l g y e , 5 = M i l e j s z e g , 6= P e t r i k e r e s z t u r ( a l l from G ö c s e j ) , 7= K a r c a g , 8= Kunmadaras, 9 = Kunhegyes, ( a l l from t h e Middle T i s z a R e g i o n , N a g y k u n s á g ) , 10= J á s z a p á t i , 11= J á s z á r o k s z á l l á s , 12= J á s z f é n y ­s z a r u ( a l l from the M i d d l e T i s z a R e g i o n , J á s z s á g ) , 13= T a k t a h a r k á n y , 14= Tak-t a k e n é z , 15= T a k t a b á j ( a l l from T a k t a k ö z , North H u n g a r y ) , 16= G a c s á j , 17= Ro-zsály, 18= M a t o l c s ( a l l from S z a m o s h á t , N-E H u n g a r y ) , 19= A s z a l ó , 20= S z i k ­s z ó , 21= Szendrő, 22= B o l d v a ( n o r t h e a s t e r n group of t h e s o - c a l l e d P a l ó c s á g , North H u n g a r y ) , 23= G y ö n g y ö s t a r j á n , 24= M e z ő k ö v e s d ( s o u t h e r n group of the Pa­lócság and M a t y ó s ) , 25= H i m ó d , 26= K i s f a l u d ( f r o m R á b a k ö z , N-W T r a n s d a n u b i a )

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F i g . 2. Topography of some e t h n i c g r o u p s ( a f t e r T a b l e 1, 3) - M o n g o l o i d s : 1= Mongols from M o n g o l i a , 2= T u v i n s , S o u t h S i b e r i a , 3= K a z a h k s . - F i n n i s h -U g o r s : 1= « n a n t i s , 2= M a n s i s , 3= K o m i - Z y r i a n s , 4= F i n n s . - E u r o p o i d s : 1= O s s e t - D z h a v a , 2= O s s e t - I r o n s , 3= L e z g h i n - S a m o u r s , 4= T a d j i k s ( S a n g h a r d a k ) , 5 = R a d j p u t s , 6 = G u d j a r s , 7= A k h i r s , 8= D j a t i s , 9 = H u n g a r i a n s ( s u m m a r i z e d ) , 10= ő r s é g , 11= G ö c s e j , 12= N a g y k u n s á g , 13= J á s z s á g , 14= T a k t a k ö z , 15= Szamos­

h á t , 16= N-E P a l ó c s á g , 17= S - P a l ó c s á g ( + M a t y ó ) , 18= R á b a k ö z

m a x i l l a r y i n c i s o r s when c o m p u t i n g o u r d a t a on t h e b a s i s o f t h e s u m m a r i z e d f o r m s ( 2 + 3 ) , t o o ( T a b l e s 1 and 2 ) . Our r e s u l t s seem t o a g r e e w i t h t h e m i c r o -m o r p h o l o g i c a l f r e q u e n c i e s f o u n d i n many p o p u l a t i o n s o f E u r a s i a (ZUBOV 1973, 1979) ( T a b l e s 3 and 4, F i g . 2 ) .

Beyond t h e o u t l i n e d c o n c l u s i o n s we s h o u l d c o n s i d e r t h e c l e a r c r o s s i n g s i m i l a r i t y o f t h e minimum-maximum v a l u e s o f t h e f o u r o d o n t o s c o p i c a l f o r m s c o n c e r n i n g t h e m e d i a l as w e l l as t h e l a t e r a l i n c i s o r s . F o r e x a m p l e , among t h e m i n i m u m - v a l u e s o f t h e m e d i a l i n c i s o r s u r f a c e f o r m s ( 0 - 3 ) have been f o u n d t h e g r o u p s i n h a b i t i n g t h e w e s t e r n p a r t o f T r a n s d a n u b i a ( Ő r s é g , R á b a k ö z ) and n o r ­t h e r n H u n g a r y ( T a k t a k ö z ) ( T a b l e 1 ) . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e r e i s no d o u b t t h a t t h e m i n i m u m - v a l u e f o r b o t h i n c i s o r s a r e c o n c e n t r a t e d i n t h e w e s t e r n p a r t o f T r a n s d a n u b i a ( T a b l e s 1 and 2 ) . I n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h i s s i t u a t i o n t h e maximum-v a l u e s c o u l d be f o u n d i n t h e M i d d l e and Upper T i s z a r e g i o n , i . e . i n t h e c e n ­t r a l and n o r t h e r n p a r t s o f H u n g a r y .

I t d e s e r v e s o u r a t t e n t i o n t h a t t h e f r e q u e n c y o f t h e c a s e s f r o m marked s h o v e l - s h a p e d n e s s ( f o r m s 2 + 3 ) v a r i e s i n t h e n i n e e t h n o g e o g r a p h i c a l g r o u p s b e t w e e n 6.8 and 27.9 p e r c e n t c o n c e r n i n g t h e m e d i a l i n c i s o r s and b e t w e e n 17.0 and 43.3 c o n c e r n i n g t h e l a t e r a l ones ( T a b l e s 1 and 2 ) .

I n g r o u p i n g ( 0 + 1 and 2 + 3 ) (HANIHARA 1 9 6 3 ) t h e f o u r o d o n t o s c o p i c a l f o r m s t h e m u t u a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e two m a i n - E u r o p o i d and M o n g o l o i d - r a c i a l s t o c k s became a p p a r e n t . I n t h e H u n g a r i a n m a l e p o p u l a t i o n t h e s h o v e l - s h a p e d ­n e s s o f t h e m e d i a l u p p e r i n c i s o r s ( f o r m s 2 + 3 ) r e p r e s e n t e d i n a v e r y l o w p e r -c e n t u a l p r o p o r t i o n ( 1 7 . 8 p e r c e n t ) . As i t i s known, t h e f r e q u e n c y o f t h e s e s u m m a r i z e d f o r m s v a r i e s among E u r o p o i d s b e t w e e n 0 and 15 p e r c e n t , w h e r e as among M o n g o l o i d s i t h a s a f r e q u e n c y f r o m 75 t o 100 p e r c e n t . (ZUBOV 1 9 6 8 ) . I n o u r c o n t i n g e n t t h e f r e q u e n c y o f t h e s e t r a i t s v a r i e s b e t w e e n 6.8 p e r c e n t (SW-T r a n s d a n u b i a ) and 27.9 p e r c e n t ( M i d d l e T i s z a B a s i n ) ( T a b l e 1 ) . F r e q u e n c i e s o f s i m i l a r v a l u e s h a v e been f o u n d among A z e r b a i d j a n s ( 4 . 0 - 2 2 . 0 p e r c e n t ; GHASHIM0VA 1 9 7 9 ) , T a d j i k s ( 2 . 4 - 2 7 . 4 p e r c e n t ; ZUBOV e t a l 1 9 7 9 ) as w e l l as among t h e i n h a b i t a n t s o f D a g h e s t a n ( 0 . 0 - 2 5 . 3 p e r c e n t ; GHADZIYEV 1 9 7 9 ) . Ac­c o r d i n g t o t h e s u m m a r i z e d f o r m ( 2 + 3 ) t h e U g o r s ( K h a n t i s and M a n s i s ) f r o m W e s t e r n S i b e r i a r e p r e s e n t an i n t e r m e d i a t e E u r o p o - M o n g o l o i d c h a r a c t e r w i t h t h e i r 54.8 and 52.5 p e r c e n t f r e q u e n c y v a l u e s ( T a b l e 3 ) .

The a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d f r e q u e n c y o f t h e H u n g a r i a n m a l e p o p u l a t i o n ( 1 7 . 8 p e r c e n t ) r e v e a l s a w e l l - e x p r e s s e d s i m i l a r i t y w i t h t h e e a s t e r n F i n n s ; a l s o f o r K o m i - Z y r i a n s ( 2 0 . 2 p e r c e n t ) and f o r M a r i s ( 2 0 . 0 p e r c e n t ) (AKSIAN0VA 1979, ZUBOV 1973 r e s p e c t i v e l y ) ( T a b l e 3, i n TÓ T H 1 9 8 1 ) .

R e l a t i v e l y h i g h f r e q u e n c i e s ( 2 5 - 5 5 p e r c e n t ) h a v e been f o u n d n o t o n l y i n t h e E u r o p o - M o n g o l o i d m i x e d g r o u p s , b u t a l s o i n t h e s o u t h e r n s u b c o n t i n e n t a l a r e a o f t h e E u r o p o i d r a c i a l s t o c k . T h i s s i t u a t i o n l e d ZUBOV ( 1 9 7 9 ) , a f t e r a c a r e f u l c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e c o n t i n e n t a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h i s t r a i t , t o o u t l i n e o f t h r e e o d o n t o l o g i c a l c o m p l e x e s ( t y p e s ) , as d i s t i n c t i n E u r a s i a ( t h e n o r t h ­e r n g r a c i l i c , t h e M i d d l e E u r o p e a n , t h e s o u t h e r n g r a c i l i c ) . A c c o r d i n g t o h i s i n v e s t i g a t i o n s a r e l a t i v e l y h i g h f r e q u e n c y o f s h o v e l - s h a p e d n e s s o f t h e m e d i a l m a x i l l a r y i n c i s o r s seems t o be c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f o r t h e s o u t h e r n g r a c i l i c t y p e .

I n c o n s i d e r i n g h i s f i n d i n g s t h e r e s u l t s o f o u r o d o n t o - a n t h r o p o l o g i c a l s t u d i e s c a n n o t be i n t e r p r e t e d as t h e o n l y e f f e c t o f t h e M o n g o l o i d c o m p o n e n t s , b e c a u s e t h e o d o n t o s c o p i c a l t r a i t j u s t a n a l y s e d i s r e p r e s e n t e d w i t h a r e l a ­t i v e l y h i g h f r e q u e n c y i n t h e s o u t h e a s t e r n a r e a o f t h e E u r o p o i d s , t o o . The r e s u l t s g i v e n i n t h i s p a p e r a r e i n f u l l a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e d e r m a t o g l y p h y (GLADK0VA & TÓTH 1 9 8 5 , 1 9 8 8 ) and s o m a t o l o g y o f H u n g a r i a n men (TÓTH 1977, 1 9 7 9 ) , d e m o n s t r a t i n g t h e c o n s i d e r a b l e s h a r e o f t h e s o u t h e r n E u r o p o i d s u b c o n t i n e n t a l c o m p l e x i n t h e a n t h o r p o l o g i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n o f Hungar­i a n s .

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CARBONELL, V. M. ( 1 9 6 3 ) : V a r i a t i o n s i n t h e f r e q u e n c y o f s h o v e l - s h a p e d i n c i s o r s i n d i f f e r e n t p o p u l a t i o n s . - I n : BROTHWELL, D. R. ( e d . ) : D e n t a l A n t h r o p o l o g y , L o n d o n , p. 2 1 1 - 2 3 4 .

GHADZHIYEV, Yu. M. ( 1 9 7 9 ) : D a g h e s t a n . - I n : ZUBOV, A. A. & HALDEEVA, N. I . ( e d s ) : E t h n i c O d o n t o l o g y o f S o v i e t U n i o n . Moscow, p. 1 4 1 - 1 6 3 . ( i n R u s s i a n )

GHASHIMOVA, U. F. ( 1 9 7 9 ) : O d o n t o l o g i c a l C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f A z h e r b a i d j a n ' s L i v i n g P o p u l a t i o n s . - Q u e s t . A n t h r o p . 60_: 1 4 0 - 1 4 6 . ( i n R u s s i a n )

GLADKOVA, T. 0. & T Ó T H , T. A. ( 1 9 8 5 ) : A d d i t i o n a l d a t a t o t h e d e r m a t o g l y p h i c s o f H u n g a r i a n s . - A n n l s h i s t . - n a t . Mus. n a t n . h u n g . 7_7: 2 9 1 - 3 0 0 .

GLADKOVA, T. D. & T Ó T H , T. A. ( 1 9 8 8 ) : E t h n i c d e r m a t o l o g l y p h i c s o f H u n g a r i a n s . - A n n l s . h i s t . - n a t . Mus. n a t n . h u n g . 8JD: 2 1 5 - 2 2 8 .

GRAVERE, R. U., ZUBOV, A. A. & SARAP, G. G. ( 1 9 7 9 ) : P o p u l a t i o n s o f B a l t i k u m s : L i t h u a n i a n s , L a t v i a n s , E s t o n i a n s . - I n : ZUBOV, A. A. & HALDEEVA, N. I . ( e d s ) : E t h n i c O d o n t o l o g y o f S o v i e t U n i o n , Moscow, p. 6 8 - 9 2 . ( i n R u s s i a n )

HANIHARA, K. ( 1 9 6 3 ) : Crown c h a r a c t e r s o f t h e d e c i d u o u s d e n t i t i o n o f t h e Jap a ­n e s e - A m e r i c a n H y b r i d s . - I n : BROTHWELL, D. R. ( e d . ) : D e n t a l A n t h r o p o l o g y , L o n d o n , p. 10 5 - 1 2 4 .

HANIHARA, K. ( 1 9 6 6 ) : M o n g o l o i d d e n t a l c o m p l e x i n t h e d e c i d u o u s d e n t i t i o n . -Z i n r u i g a k u Z a s s i 74: 6 1 - 7 2 .

HRDLICKA, A. (192ÏÏ7: S h o v e l - s h a p e d t e e t h . - Amer. J. p h y s . A n t h r o p o l . 3 : 4 2 9 - 4 6 5 .

K0TSHIYEV, R. S. ( 1 9 7 9 ) : T r a n s Caucaus and N o r t h - C a u c a s u s . - I n : ZUBOV, A. A. & HALDEEVA, N. I . ( e d s ) : E t h n i c O d o n t o l o g y o f S o v i e t U n i o n , Moscow, p. 1 1 4 - 1 4 1 . ( i n R u s s i a n )

T Ó T H , T. ( 1 9 7 7 ) : S o m a t o l o g y and P a l e o a n t h r o p o l o g y o f t h e P o p u l a t i o n s o f Hun­g a r y . - D o c t . t h e s i s . , Moscow: 35 pp.

T Ó T H , T. ( 1 9 7 9 ) : Some p r o b l e m s i n t h e s o m a t o l o g y o f H u n g a r i a n p e o p l e . -A n n l s . h i s t . - n a t . Mus. n a t n . h u n g . 7 1 ; 315-319.

T Ó T H , T. ( 1 9 8 1 ) : The o d o n t o l o g i c a l a s p e c t i n t h e e t h n o g e n e s i s o f H u n g a r i a n s , I . - A n n l s h i s t . - n a t . Mus. n a t n . h u n g . 7_3: 3 0 5 - 3 1 2 .

ZUBOV, A. A. ( 1 9 6 8 ) : O d o n t o l o g y . - M e t h o d i c s o f a n t h r o p o l o g i c a l i n v e s t i g a ­t i o n s , Moscow, p. 3 - 1 9 9 . ( i n R u s s i a n )

ZUBOV, A. A. ( 1 9 7 2 ) : The d e n t i t i o n o f t h e K a z a k h s . - Sov. E t n o g r . 4: 51-63. ZUBOV, A. A. ( 1 9 7 3 ) : E t h n i c O d o n t o l o g y , - Moscow: 203 pp. ( i n R u s s i a n ) ZUBOV, A. A. ( 1 9 7 9 ) : I n t r o d u c t i o n , C o n c l u s i o n . - I n : ZUBOV, A. A. & HALDEEVA,

N. I . ( e d s ) : E t h n i c O d o n t o l o g y o f S o v i e t U n i o n , Moscow, p. 3-8, 2 2 9 - 2 5 1 . ( i n R u s s i a n )

ZUBOV, A. A. ( 1 9 8 0 ) : A n t h r o p o l o g i c a l I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f t h e P o p u l a t i o n o f A l ­l i e d D e l h i ' s T e r r i t o r y on t h e b a s i s o f o d o n t o l o g i e P a t t e r n . - I n : ABDUSHE-L I S V I L I , M.G. & MALH0TRA, K. C. ( e d s ) : New D a t a t o A n t h r o p o l o g y o f N o r t h I n d i a , Moscow, p. 1 5 2 - 1 6 1 . ( i n R u s s i a n )

ZUBOV, A. A., BABAK0V, 0. B., 0UB0VA, N. A., RUEKUSINA, G. V. & H0DJAI0V, T. K. ( 1 9 7 9 ) : P e o p l e s o f C e n t r a l A s i a and K a z a k h s t a n . - I n : ZUBOV, A. A. & HALDEEVA, N. I . ( e d s ) : E t h n i c O d o n t o l o g y o f S o v i e t U n i o n , Moscow, p. 1 6 4 - 1 8 6 . ( i n R u s s i a n )

ZUBOV, A. A. & Z0L0TARIEVA, I . M. ( 1 9 8 0 ) : D e n t a l M o r p h o l o g i c Type o f M o n g o l s i n t h e W o r l d R a c i a l Taxonomy. - Q u e s t . A n t h r o p . ^ 4 : 6 9 - 8 8 . ( i n R u s s i a n )

A u t h o r ' s a d d r e s s : DR. TÓTH TIBOR A n t h r o p o l o g i c a l D e p a r t m e n t H u n g a r i a n N a t u r a l H i s t o r y Museum H-1062 B u d a p e s t , B a j z a u t c a 39 H u n g a r y

T a b l e 1 . D i s t r i b u t i o n o f s h o v e l - s h a p e d n e s s i n t h e m e d i a l i n c i s o r s o f H u n g a r i ­ans ( m a l e s ) . I t e m c o n t i n g e n t ' s number: 2219

D e g r e e s / f o r m s 0

% ( n )

1

% ( n )

2

( n )

3

( n )

2 + 3

( n )

S o u t h - W e s t , őrség 15 2 ( 9 ) 77 9 ( 4 6 ) 6 8 ( 4 ) 0 0 (-) 6 8 ( 4 )

S o u t h - W e s t , Göcsej 45 3 ( 2 0 9 ) 43 3 ( 1 6 7 ) 10 3 ( 4 4 ) 1 1 ( 6 ) 11 4 ( 5 0 )

T i s z a B a s i n , N a g y k u n s á g 43 3 ( 1 0 2 ) 41 5 ( 1 0 0 ) 12 3 ( 2 6 ) 2 9 ( 7 ) 15 2 ( 3 3 )

T i s z a B a s i n , Jászság 39 2 ( 9 9 ) 34 6 ( 9 0 ) 19 6 ( 4 6 ) 6 5 ( 1 5 ) 26 1 ( 6 1 )

N o r t h H u n g a r y , T a k t a k ö z 53 2 ( 1 9 4 ) 32 0 ( 1 1 5 ) 11 9 ( 4 2 ) 2 9 ( 9 ) 14 7 ( 5 1 )

N-E H u n g a r y , S z a m o s h á t 41 4 (BO) 43 0 ( 7 9 ) 12 7 ( 2 6 ) 2 8 ( 4 ) 15 5 ( 3 0 )

N o r t h - E a s t Palócság 4 0 ( 1 4 ) 73 7 ( 2 5 7 ) 19 6 ( 6 9 ) 2 7 ( 1 0 ) 22 4 ( 7 9 )

S o u t h P a l ó c s á g (+Matyó) 0 0 (-) 72 1 ( 1 4 9 ) 23 3 ( 4 8 ) 4 6 ( 1 0 ) 27 9 ( 5 8 )

N o r t h - W e s t , Rábaköz 0 Ü (-) 77 4 ( 1 1 5 ) 15 0 ( 2 1 ) 4 9 ( 7 ) 20 0 ( 2 8 )

T o t a l , mean % 26 0 ( 7 0 7 ) 55 8 ( 1 1 1 B ) 14 6 ( 3 2 6 ) 3 2 ( 6 8 ) 17 8 ( 3 9 4 )

T a b l e 2. D i s t r i b u t i o n o f s h o v e l - s h a p e d n e s s i n t h e l a t e r a l i n c i s o r s o f Hu n g a r ­i a n s ( m a l e s ) . I t e m c o n t i n g e n t ' s number: 2060

D e g r e e s / f o r m s

E t h n o g e o g r a p h ^ \ ^ ^ i c a l g r o u p s

0

% ( n )

1

% ( n )

2

h ( n )

3

( n )

2 + 3

H ( n )

S o u t h - W e s t , Őrség 36 2 ( 1 7 ) 46 8 ( 2 2 ) 17 0 ( B ) 0 0 (-) 17 0 ( 8 )

S o u t h - W e s t , Göcsej 46 9 ( 1 6 6 ) 34 9 ( 1 2 6 ) 16 8 ( 6 6 ) 1. 2 ( 7 ) 18 1 ( 7 3 )

T i s z a B a s i n , N a g y k u n s á g 30 6 ( 7 1 ) 45 0 ( 1 0 0 ) 18 9 ( 4 4 ) 5. 4 ( 1 2 ) 24 4 ( 5 6 )

T i s z a B a s i n , Jászság 25 1 ( 5 6 ) 35 4 ( 8 2 ) 31 0 ( 6 3 ) 8. 2 ( 1 7 ) 39 3 ( 8 0 )

N o r t h H u n g a r y , T a k t a k ö z 29 5 ( 1 0 0 ) 42 5 ( 1 4 5 ) 26 1 ( 9 1 ) 2. 4 ( 8 ) 28 5 ( 9 9 )

N-E H u n g a r y , S z a m o s h á t 24 8 ( 4 9 ) 56 9 ( 8 7 ) 26 1 ( 4 4 ) 2 . 2 ( 5 ) 28 3 ( 4 9 )

N o r t h - E a s t P alócság 1 7 ( 6 ) 56 1 ( 1 8 5 ) 32 5 ( 1 1 2 ) 9 6 ( 3 4 ) 42 1 ( 1 4 6 )

S o u t h P a l ó c s á g (+Matyó) 0 n (-) 56 7 ( 1 1 5 ) 40 8 ( B l ) 2. 5 ( 5 ) 43 3 ( 8 6 )

N o r t h - W e s t , Rábaköz 0 0 (-) 57 2 ( 7 9 ) 32 1 ( 4 3 ) 10 6 ( 1 4 ) 42 7 ( 5 7 )

T o t a l , mean H 21 6 ( 4 6 5 ) 46 8 ( 1 9 4 ) 26 8 ( 5 5 2 ) 4. 7 ( 1 0 2 ) 31 5 ( 6 5 4 )

Table 3. Some comparative data of shovel-shapedness i n the medial i n c i s o r s (males)

— D e g r e e s / forms

Ethnic groups

0

% n

1

% n

2

% n

3

n j +3

n

Mongols (Mongolia, ZUBOV & Z0L0-TARIEVA 1980) 1 6 14 5 46 7 - 38 3 - 84 9 (286)

Tuvins (South S i b e r i a , BOGDAN0-VA & HALDEEVA 1980)

Tuvins (South S i b e r i a , BOGDAN0-VA & HALDEEVA 1980) 26 3 16 3 51 2 - 6 2 - 57 4 (33B)

Kazakhs (ZUBOV 1972) 18 3 (24) 19 1 (25) 35 1 (46) 27 5 (36) 62 6 (B2) Khantis ( N o r t h e r n s , AKSIANDVA

1979) 19 4 25 8 40 3 - 14 5 - 54 8 (62) Mansis ( N o r t h e r n s , AKSIANOVA

1979) 4 9 42 6 38 3 - 14 2 - 52 5 (162) Komi-Zyrians (Southerns, AKSIA­

NOVA 1979) 38 0 41 8 16 4 - 3 8 - 20 2 (79) Finns ( H e l s i n k i , GRAVERE, ZU­

BOV & SARAP 1979) 49 4 45 1 5 5 - 0 0 - 5 5 (91) Osset-Dzhava (KOTSHIYEV 1979) 96 3 1 8 1 8 - 0 0 - 1 8 (109) Osset-Irons (KOTSHIYEV 1979) 74 1 23 9 2 0 - 0 0 - 2 0 (101) Lezghin-Samours (Daghestan,

GHADZHIYEV 1979) 32 9 41 8 25 3 - 0 0 - 25 3 (79) T a d j i k s (Sanghardak, ZUBOV e t

a l . 1979) 54 8 26 0 16 3 - 2 9 - 19 2 (104) Radjputs ( I n d i a , ZUBOV 1980) 72 6 17 8 9 5 - - 9 5 (84) Gudjars ( I n d i a , ZUBOV 1980) 56 5 37 3 5 5 - - 5 5 (108) Akhirs ( I n d i a , ZUBOV 19B0) 80 0 17 6 2 3 - - 2 3 (85) D j a t i s ( I n d i a , ZUBOV 1980) 66 0 23 0 11 0 - 11 0 (100) Hungarians (summarized) 26 8 (707) 55 0 (1118) 14 6 (326) 3 2 (68) 17 8 (394)

Table 4. Some comparative data of shovel-shapedness i n the l a t e r a l i n c i s o r s (males)

— D e g r e e s /forms

Ethnic groups

0

% n

1

h n %

2

n

3

% n

'+3

n

Mongols (Mongolia, ZUBOV & Z0LO-TARIEVA 1980) 0 0 - 6 1 36 1 - 56 3 92 4 (270)

Tuvins (South S i b e r i a , B0GDAN0-VA & HALDEEVA 1980) 20 3 - 15 9 42 5 - 21 8 64 3 (320)

Kazakhs ( ZUBOV 1972) 17 5 (23) 25 9 (34) 38 2 (50) 18 3 (24) 56 5 (74) Khantis ( N o r t h e r n s , AKSIANOVA

1979) 7 3 - 23 6 40 0 - 29 1 69 1 (55) Mansis ( N o r t h e r n s , AKSIANOVA

1979 2 7 - 21 5 50 3 - 25 5 75 8 (149) Komi-Zyrians (Southerns, AKSIA­

NOVA 1979) 24 7 - 37 6 32 5 - 5 2 37 7 (77) Finns ( H e l s i n k i , GRAVERE & ZU­

BOV H SARAP 1979) Finns ( H e l s i n k i , GRAVERE & ZU­

BOV H SARAP 1979) 56 0 - 38 5 5 5 - 0 0 5 5 (91) Osset-Dzhava (KOTSHIYEV 1979) 91 7 - 7 3 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 (109) Osset-Irons ( KOTSHIYEV 1979) 69 9 - 21 5 8 8 - 0 0 8 8 (102) Lezghin-Samours (Daghestan,

GADZHIYEV 1979) 50 6 - 25 3 24 1 0 0 24 1 (79) T a d j i k s (Sanghardak, ZUBOV e t

a l . 1979) 51 0 17 3 19 2 - 12 5 31 7 (104) Radjputs ( I n d i a , ZUBOV 1980) 63 8 - 30 1 6 0 - - 6 0 (83) Gudjars ( I n d i a , ZUBOV 1980) 43 4 - 50 0 6 6 - - 6 6 (106) Akhirs ( I n d i a , ZUBOV 1980) 60 0 - 32 9 7 1 - - 7 1 (85) D j a t i s ( I n d i a , ZUBOV 1980) 36 0 56 0 - - 8 0 - - 8 0 (100) Hungarians (summarized) 21 6 (465) 46 8 (941) 26 8 (941) 4 7 (102) 31 5 (654)