ontology alignment – is prov-o good enough?

Ontology alignment – is PROV-O good enough?

Simon Cox | Research Scientist | Environmental Information Infrastructures3 June 2015

LAND AND WATER

Geosemantics Summit – OGC TC, Boulder, CO, USA - 2015-06-03

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

Outline

• Upper ontologies• O&M vs SSN• Alignment strategy

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Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox3 |

Upper ontologies

http://www.disi.unige.it/person/MascardiV/Download/DISI-TR-06-21.pdf

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

General Formal Ontology

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Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

Basic Formal Ontology

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Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

DOLCE ultra-lite

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Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

Ontology recapitulates ideology

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Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

PROV

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Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

OM_Observation

+ phenomenonTime+ resultTime+ validTime [0..1]+ resultQuality [0..*]+ parameter [0..*]

GF_PropertyTypeGFI_Feature

OM_Process Any

+observedProperty

1

0..*

+featureOfInterest

1

0..*

+procedure1 +result

Range

An Observation is an action whose result is an estimate of the value of some property of the feature-of-interest, obtained using a specified procedure

ISO 19156 Observations and Measurements

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Cox, OGC Abstract Specification – Topic 20: Observations and Measurements 2.0 ISO 19156:2011 Geographic Information – Observations and measurements

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

om:Observation using ISO 19105-2 rule

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(TopBraid diagram view)

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

O&M integrated into ISO framework

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Direct ISO dependencies • gf - Feature ISO

19109• cv - Coverage (fields) ISO

19123• md - Metadata ISO 19115• gm - Geometry ISO 19107• tm - Temporal ISO 19108• h2o - Meta-model ISO

19150-2• basic - Datatypes ISO 19103

Required ISO UML models converted to OWLNo other alignment attempted at this time

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

om-lite

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Sem. Web. Journal – in review

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

SSN Ontology

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Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

SSN aligned with DOLCE ultra-lite

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Is Observation a Social Object, or an Event?Sensing vs. Reasoning?

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

PROV

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Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox16 |

Compton, Corsar & Taylor, Sensor Data Provenance: SSNO and PROV-O Together at Last. SSN2014

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

om-lite aligned to PROV-O

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Cox, Basic Observations and Sampling Feature Ontology . Semantic Web J. (submitted)

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

SSN Observation vs O&M Observation

ssn:Observation subClassOf prov:EntityBFO Continuant

om:Observation subClassOf prov:ActivityBFO Occurrent

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ssn:Observation

om:Observation

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

Conclusion

Term “Observation” is being used for different concepts in SSN cf O&MRecord of observation vs. observation event ?

Prov-O helps clarify, without getting tangled up in formal ‘Upper Ontologies’

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ssn:Observation

om:Observation

new:ActivityOfSensing

om:Processssn:Sensor

om:Resultssn:SensorOutput

LAND AND WATER

Thank youCSIRO Land and WaterSimon CoxResearch Scientistt +61 3 9252 6342e simon.cox@csiro.auw www.csiro.au/people/simon.cox

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

The need for standardisation

• Integrated modelling is becoming the norm• bioregional assessment • eReefs

• When using heterogeneous (data) sources, discovery & integration is a major challenge

• Standards make this easierMany private contracts one public agreement

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Remote sensing

Sensor

Value

Parameter

Scene

Earth science

Algorithm, code, simulator

Model, field

Variable

Volume, grid

Metrology

Instrument

Value

Measurand

Sample

Chemistry

Instrument, analytical process

Analysis

Analyte

Sample

Environmental monitoring

Gauge, sensor

Value, time-series

Parameter

Station

Observations & Measurements

procedure

result

observed property

feature of interest

Views of data

Continuous phenomena, varying in space and time – ‘raster’.

A function: spatial, temporal or spatio-temporal domain to attribute range

Ontology alignment using PROV | Simon Cox

FeaturesFeatures exist, have attributes and can be spatially described – ‘discrete’ or ‘vector’

Coverages

Observations

An act that results in the estimation of the value of a feature property, and involves application of a specified procedure, such as a sensor, instrument, algorithm or process chain

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