open. connect. communicate
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Presentation:Caribbean ITS Conference 2009
Montego Bay, JamaicaOnline at http://slideshare.net/sverma
Connecting the next 5 billion?
Creative commons licensehttp://creativecommons.org/
Open. Connect. Communicate.
Sameer Verma, Ph.D.Associate ProfessorInformation Systems DepartmentSan Francisco State UniversitySan Francisco, CA 94132 USA
me
Workshop
work∙shop Function: noun
Date: 1562
a usually brief intensive educational program for a relatively small group of people that focuses especially on techniques and skills in
a particular field
Source: merriamwebster
Supply side
if we build it they will come...
Drivers of Change● Better chips
● Moore’s Law: Performance doubles every 18 to 24 months, with size and cost remaining at a constant
● 1971: Intel C4004 2300 transistors ● 2009: Intel 8core Xeon (NehalemEX) – 2.3 billion
transistors
Sources: http://www.cpuworld.com/CPUs/4004/IntelC4004.html and http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20090526comp.htm
Drivers of Change● Bigger pipes
● Metcalfe’s Law: Usefulness of a network increases with the square of the number of users connected to the network
● Internet– 1969 – 4 nodes (October 1969)– 2009 – 625,226,456 nodes (Jan 2009)
Source: https://isc.org/solutions/survey/history
squares
(a+b)2 = a2+b2+ 2ab
Value within a network
(22) = 4 connectionsA to AA to BB to AB to B
(32) = 9 connectionsC to CC to DC to ED to CD to DD to EE to CE to DE to E
A B
2 nodesC E
D3 nodes
Community X Community Y
Note: Each community has some potential value, that may or may not be completely realized
Value of a combined network – community Z
A B
C E
D
5 nodes
A to AA to BA to CA to DA to E
B to AB to BB to CB to DB to E
C to AC to BC to CC to DC to E
D to AD to BD to CD to DD to E
E to AE to BE to CE to DE to E
(52) = 25 connections
Where's the cheese?
● (2+3) nodes leads to (2+3)2 connections● 5 nodes lead to 25 connections● We already had 4 in community X and 9 in
community Y● In the new community Z, we have an extra of 12
connections. ● This is where the cheese is at, so to speak.
2ab
● Drivers of change● Metcalfe's law
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe's_law ● Moore's law
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law
Pushing the supply side
A common question:“Do they have a business model?”
hint: the www did not have a business model
Leveraging the network
For value to flow across the network, interoperability is key
The network must be open and unencumbered
hint: look up net neutrality
Email works
RFC 822
STANDARD FOR THE FORMAT OF ARPA INTERNET TEXT MESSAGES
August 13, 1982
IM doesn't
Where is imunified.org now?
Networks
two step process:a) connect
b) communicate
Convergence
from telco platforms to commodity tech
The free and open source pbxhttp://www.asterisk.org/
Two cases: Astlinux and Trixbox
Astlinux
● Astlinux (http://www.astlinux.org/)● 64 MB installation● 128 MB RAM● Webbased (https) management
● Soekris net 4801 (http://www.soekris.com/ )● 233 MHz x86 processor● Embedded, 12 to 48 volt PoE
● Carry 10 to 12 simultaneous SIP or IAX calls
soekris net 4801
Approx 170 USDSource: http://www.soekris.com/net4801.htm
CD iso
VMWare image
HardDrive
Compact Flash
USB Keydisk
config+log+voicemail
http://sourceforge.net/projects/astlinux/
Astlinux variants
Interested? See more here, here and here
2007.june.28:thursday Dr. Sameer Verma, Ph.D. 23Web Interface
Trixbox
● Trixbox appliance● CentOS Linux based● 1.6 GHz DualCore● 1GB RAM● Can handle
– 48 ports– 200 SIP phones
Or simply use a PIII or better, with 512 MB RAM
http://www.trixbox.org/
centralized
distributed
Cost
expensive to interconnect
local
We set up local networks first
interconnected
We interconnect when we can afford to
Who do we communicate with?
communication: begin locally or globally
Is 24x7 global connectivity overrated?
Chicken and the egg
Infrastructure or nodes – which must come first?
One Laptop Per Child
http://laptop.org and
http://wiki.laptop.org
Somebody is finally thinking of the
children!
A different generation...
School Galadima, Abuja City, Nigeria See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Galadima
Samkha village located in the suburbs of northern ThailandSee http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Thailand/Ban_Samkha
Khairat school is India's pilot site.See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_India
Ethopia
http://www.reactivated.net/weblog/archives/2008/10/olpcethiopiaupdates/
Cameroonhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/olpc/3110907018/in/set72157611290673682/
Solomon Islandshttp://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Solomon_Islands
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Property:Number_of_manufactured_laptops
Dep
loym
ents
wor
ldw
ide
... ...
school...to go
Collaboration
Activities
Journal
Sugar: Free and Open Source
Sugarlabs at http://sugarlabs.org
Collaboration
Activities
● Write● A simple word processor
● Chat● Similar to Google Talk
● Browse● Firefoxbased
● Record● stills and video
More activities... http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Activities
Journal
Mesh Networking
● Mesh does not require central hublike infrastructure
● Wireless mesh works even when the computer sleeps
Based on an early draft of IEEE 802.11s
Under a tree model
Mesh “under a tree” model.See slide 7 at http://wiki.laptop.org/images/a/a3/Country_Technical_Support.pdf
Local network
Global network
Until then? Sneakernet!
● Offline Internet● Not so far fetched. Akamai and Internet Archive do
something similar, with mirroring● Running the mirroring cycle
– A few hours, or a few weeks?
● See projects: ● Wizzy
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizzy_Digital_Courier
● Motoman– http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Motoman
So, until then...
We set up local networks, and run them as selfcontained worlds.
Imagine that. Internet in a box!
Once we have such networks, we can do interesting things with it...
every computer doubles up as a phone
)))))..............(((((
Run VOIP clients on laptops
Run Asterisk on the School Server
FitPC as School Serverhttp://www.fitpc.com/ See http://wiki.laptop.org/go/IAX for more
hello!
hello!
hello!
hello!
hello!
hello!
communicate locally with...
...brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, bus driver, fishmonger, doctor, banker, loan shark (ouch!),
healer, priest, lawyer (more ouch!), mayor...
remember, its a 2 step process
1) connect2) communicate
some day, access to the Internet will be cheap enough...
some day a telco connection will be cheap enough...
That day, we light it up and set the network ablaze!
Until then, a monthold copy of Wikipedia isn't that bad.
Open. Connect. Communicate.
Connect the next 5 billion!
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