opening question (9/29/10)

Opening Question (9/29/10)

Copy this KWL Chart and do the first 2 parts (we will do the last part as the end of day questions) about Ancient Egypt– Do it sideways in your notebook

What I KNOW What I WANT to know

What I LEARNED

**You have a quiz in 7 minutes**

Egypt

Three Kingdoms on

the Nile

Contents Geography Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom

Early Egypt and the Nile

Early Egypt Developed after Sumer Contact by sea Imitated Sumerian arch Soon developed own culture Social Classes form

– Rigid Class System• Upper Class includes royal family, nobility, priests and

government officials

• Lower classes included peasants, laborers and slaves

Geography Nile River

– floods annually, depositing silt

– flows south to north

– longest river in the world Nile Delta

– delta = triangular area of marshland formed by silt deposits

The Nile cont… Slow flowing Enclosed by desert

and rock valleys Delta opens into

Mediterranean Sea “Gift of the Nile”

– Seen as their lifeline

Three Kingdoms chart

Old Middle New

Time

Government

AchievementsDecline

First (Old) Kingdom Develops

Menes – 3100 BC–Unites Upper and Lower Egypt

–First Pharaoh (emperor)

Establishes first dynasty (ruling family)

Three Kingdoms - Time Old Kingdom

– 2700 – 2200 BCE Middle Kingdom

– 2050 – 1800 BCE New Kingdom

– 1550 – 1100 BCE

Old – Government strong central

authority/government pharaoh = ruler

– believed to be a god

– had absolute power vizier = chief minister

– supervised day-to-day business

– head of large bureaucracy

Old – Achievements Pyramids at Giza

– tombs for eternity

– pharaohs started building when they took the throne

Old Kingdom also called “Pyramid Age”

Pyramids at Giza

Old – Decline power struggles

–b/w pharaohs and nobility crop failures

–Hurt growth cost of the pyramids

–Drained Egyptian economy

Middle – Government Turbulent period

–Irregular flooding

– corruption and rebellions are common

– traded more with outside people from Middle East

Middle – AchievementsLarge drainage project creates new arable land

Army occupies Nubia to the south

Traders have more contact w/ other civilizations

Middle – Decline invaded by Hyksos– adopt chariots

from Hyksos

– Hyksos adopt Egyptian customs, beliefs, names

New – Government New leaders drive out Hyksos Strong pharaohs

– Hatshepsut = woman pharaoh who encouraged trade

– Amenhotep = tried to change Egypt to a monotheistic society

– Ramses II = most powerful, “Ramses the Great”, last great pharaoh to rule Egypt

New – Achievements Large empire

reaches Euphrates River

More contact w/ other civilizations

First known peace treaty w/ Hittites who were located in Mesopotamia

New – Decline Power declines after Ramses II Invaders conquer Nile region

–Assyrians and Persians from the Middle East and Nubians from the south

–By 300 BC Egypt will be ruled by other Empires for a long time

Overall Achievements in Egypt

Calendar– 365 days, 12 months with 30 days each, moth

is divided into 3 weeks that are each 10 days

Medicine– Treatments were often rational and appropriate

(not just magic, spells and hymns for cures)• Priests and magicians still used though

– Procedures for prognosis, diagnosis and simple surgeries

Egyptian Writing

Writing– Pictograms evolved into hieroglyphics

– Developed Papyrus to write on• Dried Leaf used – like paper but not as easy to make

– Only Scribes could read and write

Rosetta Stone (Made in 196 BC)– Tablet found by Napoleon’s soldiers in 1799

and was translated in 1822

– Had Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphics• Greek first translated then Demotic then Hieroglyphics

Inside the British Museum of history in London

Opening Question (10/1/10)

Egyptian Religion

Religion Guided every part of life

Polytheistic Ra / Amon-Ra = sun god

Horus = sky god

Horus carrying Ra

Religion continued Osiris – God of the

Nile, rebirth, underworld

Isis – Goddess of the dead, wife of Osiris

Afterlife Mummification and burial

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5Bwkb_AJi0&feature=related

Canopic jars

Brain hook

Imsety

LiverHapi

Lungs

Duamutef

Stomach

Qebehsenuef

Intestines

Four sons of Horus

Sarcophagus and anthropoid coffin

funeral procession

Opening of the mouth ceremony

Okay, that’s it, have a good afterlife!

Weighing of the heart

Anubis Hoth Osiris

Amut