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As Singapore’s premier
shopping belt, Orchard Road
is a vibrant and exciting street
lined with shopping malls,
hotels, and food and beverage offerings.
Orchard Road underwent a
$40 million rejuvenation
with the planned
landscape and
infrastructural enhancements under
Master Plan 2008
Orchard Road is developed
under the central region in
Master Plan planned by the
Urban Redevelopment
Authority (URA)
Distinctive Districts
Bras Basah.Bugis is a lively Arts, Learning and Heritage district.
Enhancements along Queen Street and Waterloo Street will provide
more spaces for street-based activities and improve the walkability of the area.
CENTRAL AREAThe Central Area is envisioned
as a well-connected and
walkable global city centre
with abundant job and business opportunities and
endless options for leisure. It is
an area of strong local
identity and rich built
heritage, and provides a variety of housing options
within an attractive
environment where work and
play are close by.
Orchard Road is Singapore’s premier shopping street. Upcoming
shopping malls and improvements to pedestrian connectivity are set to
make it an even more attractive shopping destination
Singapore River is a charming, historic waterfront precinct with a
thriving nightlife. It promises to deliver more delightful experiences with
new place management initiatives.
The Central Business District (CBD) is the prime office district of
Singapore, with a mix of supporting retail, residential and hotel uses.
The CBD will extend further into Marina Bay, which is planned as a
vibrant and sustainable mixed-use precinct.
The Civic District was Singapore’s early administrative and cultural
centre, and is home to many historic buildings now reused for arts and
cultural facilities. Improved pedestrian connectivity and
enhancements to public spaces will strengthen its position as
Singapore’s Civic and Cultural District.
Components About the case study
(a) Orchard Road
About the location of the case study
(a) central region
Activity/use The connectivity of spaces in Orchard road which is vertical and linear diffuse to the open space
The central region has a mixture of activities such as mix, vehicular and pedestrian
Mixed land use Yes Yes
Linear type Yes No
Vertical type Yes No
Contextual study
Movement pattern
Traffic Yes Yes
Pedestrian Yes Yes
Linear/mix Yes Yes
Built form typology In the central region, Orchard road act as the centre point of the typology
Orchard road has a linear organization which is shown by the arrangement of the building.
Point No Yes
Linear Yes No
Open space typology The open spaces in Orchard road is arrange in linear form due to the outdoor refreshment areas
along the building.
Residential areas in centre region creates enclosed typology.
Linear Yes No
Enclosed No Yes
ABOUT ORCHARD ROAD
Orchard Road is a 2.2km one-way street
central region of Singapore and stretches from Tanglin Road / Grange Road to Dhoby Ghaut.
Historical Context
in the 1830s, Orchard Road area was the scene of gambier and pepper plantations.
Later, nutmeg plantations and fruit orchards dominated
the area
by 1846,The spread of houses soon reached up to Tank Road.
One major sight during this period was a certain Mr. Orchard tending his garden, which
helped endorse the road's name.
By 1846, the Chinese had a large graveyard around what is now the Meritus Mandarin
Hotel and Ngee Ann City
In the 1860s, Orchard Road had a great number of private houses and bungalows on hills looking down through the valley where the road ran.
Early in the 1890s, His
Majesty Somdetch Phra Paramindr Maha Chulalongkorn, the supreme King of Siam,
ABOUT ORCHARD ROAD
Orchard Road is a 2.2km one-way street
central region of Singapore and stretches from Tanglin Road / Grange Road to Dhoby Ghaut.
Historical Context
in the 1830s, Orchard Road area was the scene of gambier and pepper plantations.
Later, nutmeg plantations and fruit orchards dominated
the area
by 1846,The spread of houses soon reached up to Tank
Road.
One major sight during this period was a certain Mr.
helped endorse the road's name.
By 1846, the Chinese had a large graveyard around what is
In the 1860s, Orchard Road had a great number of private houses and bungalows on hills looking down through the valley where the road ran.
Early in the 1890s, His
Majesty Somdetch Phra Paramindr Maha Chulalongkorn, the supreme King of Siam,
acquired "Hurricane House" in the vicinity of Orchard Road
ABOUT ORCHARD ROAD
Orchard Road is a 2.2km one-way street
central region of Singapore and stretches from Tanglin Road / Grange Road to Dhoby Ghaut.
Historical Context
in the 1830s, Orchard Road area was the scene of gambier and pepper plantations.
Later, nutmeg plantations and fruit orchards dominated
the area
by 1846,The spread of houses soon reached up to Tank Road.
By 1846, the Chinese had a large graveyard around what is now the Meritus Mandarin
Hotel and Ngee Ann City
In the 1860s, Orchard Road had a great number of private houses and bungalows on hills
looking down through the valley where the road ran.
In the 1860s, Orchard Road had a great number of private houses and bungalows on hills
looking down through the valley where the road ran.
Early in the 1890s, His Majesty Somdetch Phra Paramindr Maha Chulalongkorn, the supreme King of Siam,
acquired "Hurricane House" in the vicinity of Orchard Road
In 1900, much of Orchard Road was still a tree flanked dirt road.
On 30 March 1905, the Singapore Cold Storage opened their store to distribute food supplies.
From the 1930s, Orchard Road became the new social magnet for the colonial city.
The popular Orchard Market where Cuppage Plaza now sits, between Cuppage Road
and Koek Road, provided fresh produce for residents until the mid-1960s.
In 1958, C.K. Tang Department store opened, and was a prominent landmark with its
Chinese styled roof.
In 1958, C.K. Tang Department store
opened, and was a prominent landmark
with its Chinese styled roof.
From the 1970s through to the 1980s,
commercial and hotel development
intensified resulting in the Mandarin Hotel (1973) with
the "Top of the M" revolving restaurant that
gives rare views of the road from the 39th
floor and the pagoda-styled Singapore
Marriott Hotel (formerly the Dynasty Hotel 1982) with links to C K Tang.
Busy Orchard Road became a one-way
street from 1974 with the
introduction of the Orchard Road-Orchard Boulevard pair scheme.
Orchard Road recently
underwent a $40 million
revamp. The Mall Enhancement works
have created a more
pleasant and congenial
pedestrian experience
for traversing from one shopping mall to
another.
By end of 2009,
FROM BRANDED STREET TO BRANDED EXPERIENCE
The New Orchard Road will have more than 40
shopping malls and
over 8 million square feet of retail space.
IssuesSingapore URA stressed the importance of
taking into account the changing global trend
in living and working patterns, variations in
identify of urban neighbourhood and the strong sense of ‘islandness’ in the concept plan
2001
Objective/ Vision
enhance dynamism in
building envelope design
enhance pedestrian
engagement with retail spaces
Singapore’s Orchard Road has come to stand alongside Tokyo’s Omotesando, Paris’ Champs Elysees and New York’s Fifth Avenue as a shopping district of world renown. But the architectonics and spatial history of Orchard Road is distinctive and demands a unique discussion in the history of retail space
The roles of architecture and urbanism serve as transformative readings of this history.The architecture and planning of Orchard Road as retail hub must accommodate change; it must form a dynamic foundation for the confluence of individual, social and economic transformation.Singapore Tourism Board (STB) and Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) programmes have been ‘initiated to directly address and engage such dynamism.
To enhance dynamism in
building envelope designTo enhance pedestrian
engagement with retail spaces
Built form/ Open spaces
Movement pattern
activites
Built form
An Attractive and Vibrant Streetscape
Form and Massing
By encouraging innovative design, variedbuilding forms, public spaces and various
active uses along the Orchard Road
pedestrian mall.
The overall building form and massing of
individual buildings is toconsider how the building will be viewed as
well as impact views
from major approaches, key open spaces,
and the pedestrian
mall.The design of the building form and massing,
together with the architectural treatment, is
considering the scale, form and
architectural expression of the surrounding
buildings
To
enhance
dynamism
in building
envelope design
Building Height In general, the overall building height is
higher around Orchard MRT station,
marking the gateway to Orchard Road.
The building heights step down towards the Somerset and Tanglin Road areas
To
enhance
dynamism
in building
envelope design
Through detailed 3D modelling work, we were able to define
the structure’s geometry, enabling the use of the single-shell
construction technique. The façade provides support to the
overall structure, and without the need for internal support
structures, the architectural intent was achieved.
To offer a colourful, dynamic and multi-dimensional
pedestrian experience Arup developed the technical design
requirements for a high-resolution LED and low resolution
lighting display for the façade.
To
enhance
dynamism
in building
envelope design
Roofscape The roof areas of both the
high-rise and low-rise parts of
developments are to be considered as
the “fifth” elevations an designed to complement the overall form, massing
and architectural treatment of each
development and articulated to
contribute to the skyline profile. The roofs
are designed to be usable outdoor spaces.
Night Lighting All developments are strongly encouraged
to include night lighting that expresses the
architectural design and building form to
contribute to the vibrancy and variety of the streetscape.
To
enhance
dynamism
in building
envelope design
Movement pattern
To maintain an attractive streetscape, any
above-grade car park and service areas,
including refuse bin centres, loading /unloading bays and vehicle ingress/ egress,
storage lane(s), and vehicular drop-offs/ lay-
bys, etc are to be fully integrated within the
overall building form, and visually well-
screened from above and on all sides. Sufficient holding bays for the vehicular
access points to the car parks and service
areas are to be provided within the
development to ensure the smooth flow of
vehicles along adjacentroads.
To
enhance
dynamism
in building
envelope design
Activities
Residential, commercial, retail and
entertainment components are integrated in
one attractive landscape precinct with pedestrian friendly, sheltered pathway that
link the entire environment.
The quality of mixed-use public realm with
retail, dining and vibrant communal spaces
is vital as successful in creating environments that people want to live and work in.
To
enhance
dynamism
in building
envelope design
Shop
Dine
Stay
Art Gallery
Medical center
ION Orchard
Paragon
Wisma Atria
The Heeren
Iggy's
Lawry's The Prime Rib
Les Amis
LP + TETSU
Four Seasons S'pore
Goodwood Park Hotel
Grand Hyatt S'pore
Paragon Medical Center
Lescalier Gallery
To enhance
pedestrian
engagement
with retail
spaces Built form
Building Setback and Building Edge
Orchard Road has a signature image of
a wide tropical boulevard flanked by trees and buildings that reinforce and
define the street by relating to a
common building set-back line.
Façade Articulations and Urban
Verandahs are allowed to project into the building setback area to create
more interesting and varied building
frontages.
Façade Articulations are projections from the
building façade within the 7.6m or 11.6m buffer
along Orchard Road, Scotts Road and Grange Road
in the Orchard Planning Area.
Façade Articulations are allowed to project 4.0m from the existing building line. However projections
beyond 4.0m up to a maximum of 7.5m at specific
locations can be considered subject to design
evaluation .
Urban Verandah is an unenclosed extension from the
front façade of a building.
Urban Verandahs are to be located above the 1st
storey, which could support Outdoor Refreshment Areas (ORAs). The Urban Verandahs can be located
on or above the 2nd storey of the development
subject to design proposal.
The Urban Verandah should connect to adjacent
bus stops and covered walkways to form part of the pedestrian circulation network.
Activity Generating Uses (AGU),
such as retail, food & beverage,
entertainment, sports and recreation (such
as gymnasiums and fitness centres, etc) and
other similar uses are provided atthe following locations:
• The 1st storey of developments fronting key
streets pedestrian
malls and public spaces; and
• Alongside the underground pedestrian walkways at the
basement levels of the developments.
To enhance
pedestrian
engagement
with retail
spaces
AGUs provided along Discovery Walk.
Outdoor Refreshment AreasOutdoor Refreshment Areas and Kiosks
are encouraged at the first storey
directly fronting onto the pedestrian
mall, as well as within courtyards and open plazas within developments that
are adjacent to the public pedestrian
network
To enhance
pedestrian
engagement
with retail
spaces
Movement pattern
Pedestrian NetworkOrchard Planning Area is planned as a
pedestrian-friendly area via a comprehensive
pedestrian network at the 1st storey,
basement, and 2nd storey. This network provides convenient, comfortable, and
seamless connections between
developments,
transport facilities, and key spaces and
attractions, and ensures all-weather comfort.
To enhance
pedestrian
engagement
with retail
spaces
• At-Grade Pedestrian NetworkThe at-grade pedestrian network is augmented
by covered walkways that provide all-weather
protected pedestrian routes.
The covered walkways function as public amenities. They are to be kept free of obstruction
at all times.
• Underground Pedestrian Links (UPL)
The Underground Pedestrian Network (UPN) complements the 1st storey pedestrian network
and provides direct connection to Rapid Transit
System (RTS) stations.
• Elevated Pedestrian Links (EPL)The Elevated Pedestrian Network complements
the at-grade and underground pedestrian
network to provide seamless connectivity
between developments. Building owners and developers are encouraged to provide elevated
links to connect between buildings.
To enhance
pedestrian
engagement
with retail
spaces
Activities
Activity-Generating UseSelected sites along Orchard Road incorporate public spaces within the private developments to provide space to support activities that contribute to the vibrancy of the street.These public spaces are designed to be conducive for the staging of events, be well-integrated with adjacent open and covered walkways, and are to be publicly accessible at all times.
To enhance
pedestrian
engagement
with retail
spaces
Open spaces
The open spaces have been fully utilized to engage the pedestrian
The application of
outdoor refreshment
area as private open
spaces to engage
pedestrian to retail spaces
The planning of
open spaces at the
interval of buildings
to engage the
experiences of grand boulevard
The interconnection of
covered walkway under
façade articulation and urban
verandah with pedestrian
walkway and outdoor refreshment area
Tree flanked
walkwayCovered
walkway
Outdoor
refreshment
area
Outdoor
refreshment
area
The urban development of orchard road is pushing toward the transformation of
Singapore into a global trend of living and working pattern.
The URA stressed the importance of variation in identify of urban neighbourhood and
transform Orchard road into a premier shopping street
Achieve visual connectivity by
variation in geometries of the building
and urban form.
Maximizing space by setting up planning guidelines for all the spaces
including open space
All the vision and objectives set in
master plan 2008 have been achieved successfully.
The future planning of Orchard
Road has reached a stagnant
stage where too little spaces
available for future development,
enhancements are the only option for future planning at the moment
The development into global trend
causing the lack of cultural
development in the street
Strength Shortcomings
Conclusion
The long-term persistence of development toward the initial targeted planning have achieved a recognizable
success. The urban design have been planned for a
holistic development of the street.
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