organelles little organs of the cell. endoplasmic reticulum e.r. is a complex system of membranes....

Organelles

Little organs of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum• E.R. is a complex system of

membranes.

• These membranes help to transport materials around in the cell.

• Acts like a highway system.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum• Membranes do NOT have ribosomes

attached to them.

Smooth E.R. membranes are where * synthesis of lipids

* steroids are produced (gland cells)* toxic substances (alcohol) are broken

down (liver cells)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum• Ribosomes attached to the membranes

give a “rough” appearance

• Proteins are produced on the ribosomes and then transferred through the rough e.r. membranes

Golgi Apparatus

• Series of membranes that aid in – 1. processing– 2. modifying– 3. packaging and secreting (exporting

proteins)

Lysosomes

• Small spherical (round) organelles that store strong hydrolytic (acidic) enzymes.

• Lysosomes are common in animals, protists and fungal cells.

• Enzymes can digest (breakdown):a. Bacteria, viruses, sugars, proteins, and old worn out cell parts.

Vacuoles: Plants

• Plants: Large central vacuole

• Takes up the majority of the space in the plant cell.– Stores large quantities of water– Stores metabolic waste products– Stores enzymes

Nucleolus• Spherical area inside the nucleus where

ribosomes are produced

Flagella• Structure on cell that helps in movement

• Whip-like structure