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NREB Natural Resources and Environment Board
Sarawak
ORGANIC WASTE FROM FOOD MANUFACTURING / PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
September 2004
DANIDA Danish International Development Assistance
DANIDA-SARAWAK GOVERNMENT
Urban Environmental Management System Project
ORGANIC WASTE FROM FOOD MANUFACTURING/PROCESSING INDUSTRIES
September 2004
Report no. UEMS_TEC_02_32
Issue no. 1
Date of issue September 2004
Prepared Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Checked ILA
Approved
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives Of Survey
3.0 Sampling Size
4.0 List Of Selected Food manufacturing/Processing Industries
5.0 Method Of Survey
6.0 Survey Result
6.1 Agriculture Products Processing
6.2 Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc
6.3 Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & Prawn)
6.4 Meehon, Noddles & Related Products
6.5 Miscellaneous Food Preparation
6.6 Beverages Manufacturing Industries
6.7 Abattoir
6.8 Waste Water Treatment Facility
7.0 Public Point Of View
8.0 Discussion
8.1 Physical Form and Moisture Content Of the Organic Waste
8.2 Disposal method for Total Organic Waste From 21 Food
Manufacturing/Processing Factories In Kuching
8.3 Disposal Form Of Organic Waste
8.4 Public Opinion
9.0 Conclusion
10.0 Appendix
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Organic Waste From Food Manufacturing/Processing
Industries
1.0 Introduction
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd (“TEK”) is a local total water management
company based in Sarawak. TEK has been appointed by Natural Resources &
Environment Board (“NREB”) to conduct a field survey on the production of re-useable
organic waste by various industries in Kuching.
2.0 Objectives of Survey
This field survey is to determine the quantity and observed quality of the organic waste
produced by various food manufacturing/processing industries in Kuching.
3.0 Sampling Size
Number of Food Manufacturing/Processing factories in Kuching registered with NREB is
126 factroies (Source : Manufacturing/Processing Industries in Kuching, April 2002 by
NREB and DANCED). A sampling size of 20 factories and 1 abattoir representing
various major types of food manufacturing / processing industries have been selected for
the survey. The selected factories for the survey are shown in Section 4.0.
Selection of Food Manufacturing/Processing factories is based on respective sector and
industry size. Sampling size for each sector is a minimum of 10 % as shown below:
No. Industry Sector Total Sample Sampling Size
1 Agriculture Products Processing 8 1 13 %
2 Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc 23 3 13 %
3 Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish &
Prawn) 17 3 18 %
4 Meehon, Noodles & Related Products 9 3 33 %
5 Miscellaneous Food Preparation 51 9 18 %
6 Beverages Manufacturing Industries 12 3 25 %
7 Abattoir 1 1 100 %
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
4.0 List of the Selected Food Manufacturing/Processing Industries
Agriculture Products Processing
1 Syarikat Kion Hong Oil Mill
Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc
1 Sedap Food (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd
2 Taiten Food Industries Sdn Bhd
3 Pico Food Industry Sdn Bhd
Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & Prawn)
1 Sea horse Corporation Sdn Bhd
2 CCK Sea products Industries Sdn Bhd
3 Kuching Frozen Food Co. Sdn Bhd
Meehon, Noodles & Related Products
1 Lee Fah Mee Sdn Bhd
2 Nestle Foods (M) Sdn Bhd
3 THK Food Industries Sdn Bhd
Miscellaneous Food Preparation
1 Yeo Hiap Seng (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd
2 Dahfa Food Manufacturing Sdn Bhd
3 Vanilla Foods Centre Sdn Bhd
4 Treats Dairies (S) Sdn Bhd
5 Nestle Foods (M) Sdn Bhd
6 Gulf and Pacific Industries Sdn Bhd
7 Goodwill Avenue Cold Storage Sdn Bhd
8 Heng Feng Industry Sdn Bhd
9 K&L Farming Industries Sdn Bhd
Beverages Manufacturing Industries
1 Yeo Hiap Seng (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd
2 F&NCC Beverages Sdn Bhd
3 Sundrop Fruits Juices Berhad
Abbatoir
1 PPES Ternak
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
5.0 Method of Survey
Field survey was conducted in the form of interviews with the management/operational
personnel and plant survey of the selected food manufacturing/processing factories to
determine the quantity and quality of the organic waste generated from their processes.
Questionnaires were completed with required information, verified and stamped by the
respective management at the end of the interview section (as per completed survey
forms attached).
6.0 Survey Results
The survey was carried out between June –July 2004. The list of food
manufacturing/processing factories surveyed were different from the original proposed
list due to either irrelevant production processes or unable to obtain permission from the
management to conduct the interview and survey. However, the sampling size was
maintained at 20 factories and 1 abattoir. The result of the survey is shown below.
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
6.1 Agriculture Products Processing
No. Name of Industry Process
Description
Type of
Waste
Quantity per
Month
(kg/month)
Physical
Form
Waste Content Moisture
Content (%)
Disposal
Form
Disposal
Method
1
Syarikat Kion Hoong
Cooking Oil Mills
Sdn Bhd
Palm oil and
coconut oil
refinery
Coconut
cake 150,000 Solid Coconut press
cake
5-7 % oil
<0.1% water
Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
Waste
bleaching
earth
30,000 Solid Wasted bleaching
earth
3-5 % oil
~1% water
Raw Land fill at
own factory
premise
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
6.2 Biscuits Factories/Confectioneries etc
No. Name of Industry Process
Description
Type of
Waste
Quantity per
Month
(kg/month)
Physical
Form
Waste Content Moisture
Content (%)
Disposal
Form
Disposal
Method
1 Taiten Food
Industries Sdn Bhd Snack food
Snack food
waste
Very
minimum
Solid Flour, maize grits,
flavoring,
coloring
< 10 % water Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
2 Sedap Food
(Sarawak) Sdn Bhd Snack food
Snack food
waste 130
Solid Flour, corn grit,
Flavoring,
coloring
< 10 % water Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
3 Pico Food Industry
Sdn Bhd
Snack food Snack food
waste 130
Solid Rice flour, corn
grits, Flavoring,
coloring
< 10 % water Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
Wafer biscuit Wafer
waste 1300 Solid Flour 70% water Raw Trieneken
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
6.3 Fish Preparation & Preservince (Fish & Prawn)
No. Name of Industry Process
Description
Type of
Waste
Quantity per
Month
(kg/month)
Physical
Form
Waste Content Moisture
Content (%)
Disposal
Form
Disposal
Method
1 Sea horse
Corporation Sdn Bhd
Prawn and
Fish
Preparation
and
Preservine
Prawn shell
and heads 26,000 Solid Prawn heads and
shells
~ 60 % Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
Fish
processing
waste
Max 78,000
Solid
Fish bones,
heads, skin and
internal organs
~ 80 %
Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
2 CCK Sea products
Industries Sdn Bhd
Prawn
Preparation
and
Preservine
Prawn shell
and heads 56,000
Solid Prawn heads and
shells
~ 60 % Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
3 Kuching Frozen Food
Co. Sdn Bhd
Prawn
Preparation
and
Preservine
Prawn shell
and heads 53, 000
Solid Prawn heads and
shells
~ 60 % Raw Given to
farmer as
animal feed
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
6.4 Meehon, Noodles & Related Products
No. Name of Industry Process
Description
Type of
Waste
Quantity per
Month
(kg/month)
Physical
Form
Waste Content Moisture
Content (%)
Disposal
Form
Disposal
Method
1 Lee Fah Mee Sdn
Bhd
Noodles
processing
Noodle
waste 600
Solid
Flour, egg,
ingredient
< 10 %
Raw
Re-sale as
animal feed
Flour waste
from
mixing
tank
cleaning
400
Solid
Flour, egg,
ingredient
~ 90 %
Raw Trieneken
Deep fried
oil 1,000
Liquid
Oil
Nil
Raw
Re-sale for
other purpose
2 Nestle Foods (M)
Sdn Bhd
Noodles
processing
Noodle
waste 3,000 Solid
Flour, egg,
ingredient
< 10 %
Raw
Re-sale as
animal feed
3 THK Food Industries
Sdn Bhd
Noodles
processing
Noodle
waste Max 2500
Solid
Flour, egg,
ingredient
< 10 %
Raw
Re-sale as
animal feed
Cooking
oil Max 150
Liquid
Oil
Nil
Raw
Re-sale for
other purpose
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
6.5 Miscellaneous Food Preparation
No. Name of Industry Process
Description
Type of
Waste
Quantity
per Month
(kg/month)
Physical
Form
Waste Content Moisture
Content (%)
Disposal
Form
Disposal
Method
1 Yeo Hiap Seng
(Sarawak) Sdn Bhd
Soya sauce
processing
Soya bean
paste Max 24,000 Solid Soya bean, salt ~ 80 % Raw Trieneken
Chili sauce
processing NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Artificial
vinegar NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
2
Dahfa Food
Manufacturing Sdn
Bhd
Fish fillet
snack Fish waste 1500
Solid
Fish heads,
bones, tails, skin
80%
Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
3 Gulf and Pacific
Industries Sdn Bhd
Concentrated
fruit cordial
Calamansi
fruit waste 550
Solid
Calamansi fruit
waste
~ 70 %
Raw
Given as
animal
feed/Trieneken
4 Treats Dairies (S)
Sdn Bhd
Ice-cream
Machine
start-up
waste
78
Slurry
Milk powder/fat,
sugar, flavouring
~ 99%
Raw Trieneken
Waste Water
Treatment
Plant
Filter cake 1,092
Solid
Milk powder/fat,
sugar, flavouring
~ 80 %
Treated Trieneken
5 Nestle Foods (M)
Sdn Bhd
Waste Water
Treatment
Plant
Cake from
drying bed 200
Solid
Milk powder,
sugar, flour,
ingredient and
flavouring
~ 60 %
Treated Trieneken
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
6 Vanilla Foods Centre
Sdn Bhd
Chicken and
vegetable
processing
Chicken
processing
waste
900
Solid
Chicken internal
organ, bones,
heads
~ 60 %
Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
Vegetable
processing
waste
600
Solid
Vegetable rotten
leave and stems
~ 80 %
Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
7
Goodwill Avenue
Cold Storage Sdn
Bhd
Chicken
slaughtering
Chicken
processing
waste
26, 000
Solid
Chicken
unwanted
internal organ,
feathers
80 %
Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
Blood and
washing
water
13,000
Liquid
Blood
99 %
Raw Drain
8 Heng Feng Industry
Sdn Bhd
Chicken
slaughtering
Chicken
processing
waste
45,000
Solid
Chicken feathers,
intestine,
coagulated blood
70 %
Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
9 K&L Farming
Industries Sdn Bhd
Chicken
slaughtering
Chicken
processing
waste
30,000
Solid
Feathers
60 %
Raw Collected by
private
company. RM
2400/month
incurred.
Skin of
chicken
claw
300
Solid
Skin
60 %
Raw
Intestine
waste 36,000
Solid Intestine 80 % Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
6.6 Beverages Manufacturing Industries
No. Name of
Industry
Process
Description Type of Waste
Quantity
per Month
(kg/month)
Physical
Form
Waste Content Moisture
Content
(%)
Disposal
Form Disposal
Method
1
Yeo Hiap Seng
(Sarawak) Sdn
Bhd
Soya bean drink Soya bean paste 1,200 Solid Soya bean paste 60 % Raw Re-sale as
animal feed
Chrysanthemum
drink
Chrysanthemum
extract waste Max 80 Solid Chrysanthemum
extract 60 % Raw Trieneken
2
F&NCC
Beverages Sdn
Bhd
Waste water
Treatment Plant Sludge cake 400
Slurry
Organic sludge
98 %
Treated
Collected by
tanker. RM
100/trip
3 Sundrop Fruits
Juices Berhad
Soya bean drink Soya bean paste
1,200 Solid Soya bean 60 % Raw Re-sale for
other purpose
9,000 Solid Soya bean < 10 % Roasted Re-sale as
animal feed
Chrysanthemum
drink
Chrysanthemum
extract waste 384 Solid Chrysanthemum
extract
60 % Raw Re-sale for
other purpose
Coffee drink Coffee bean
waste Max 4800 Solid Coffee bean 60 % Raw Re-sale for
other purpose
Grass jelly
drink
Grass jelly
waste 800 Solid Grass jelly
extract waste
80 % Raw Re-sale for
other purpose
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
6.7 Abattoir
No. Name of
Industry
Process
Description Type of Waste
Quantity
per Month
(kg/month)
Physical
Form
Waste Content Moisture
Content
(%)
Disposal
Form Disposal
Method
1
PPES Ternak Sdn
Bhd
Cattle, camel,
goat and deer
farm
Animal waste
from cattle and
camel
450 Slurry Dung and urine 95 % Raw Taken by
farmer
Animal waste
from goat and
deer
7.5 Solid Dung and urine 60 % Raw Taken by
farmer
Animal
slaughtering
house
Slaughtering
waste
4500 Liquid
Blood, stomach
& intestine
content
99 %
Raw Pond
1236 Solid Stomach &
intestine content 80 % Raw Trieneken
Pig
Slaughtering
House
Slaughtering
waste
7800 Slurry Dung, stomach
juice and blood ~ 90 % Raw Holding pond
5.2 Solid Pig hair/fur ~ 80 % Raw Holding Pond
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
6.8 Waste Water Treatment Facility
S/N Factory Name
Waste water volume
produced per day
(Liter)
Handling Method for waste
water Type of Treatment
1 Syarikat Kion Hong Oil Mill 50 Nil Nil
2 Sedap Food (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 100 - 150 Nil Nil
3 Taiten Food Industries Sdn Bhd 100 - 150 Nil Nil
4 Pico Food Industry Sdn Bhd 100 - 150 Nil Nil
5 Sea horse Corporation Sdn Bhd 5 000 – 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Water clarification and
solid catchments
6 CCK Sea products Industries Sdn Bhd 5 000 – 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Construction in progress
7 Kuching Frozen Food Co. Sdn Bhd 3 000 – 5 000 Nil Nil
8 Lee Fah Mee Sdn Bhd 500 Nil Nil
9 THK Food Industries Sdn Bhd 500 Nil Nil
10 Dahfa Food Manufacturing Sdn Bhd 60 000 – 80 000 Waste water treatment plant Construction in progress
11 Vanilla Foods Centre Sdn Bhd 5 000 – 10 000 Nil Nil
12 Treats Dairies (S) Sdn Bhd 12 500 Waste water treatment plant Chemical and biological
treatment
13 Nestle Foods (M) Sdn Bhd 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Biological treatment
14 Gulf and Pacific Industries Sdn Bhd 3 000 – 5 000 Nil Nil
15 Goodwill Avenue Cold Storage
Sdn Bhd 500 Nil
Solid catchments at outlet
to drain
16 K&L Farming Industries Sdn Bhd 150 000 Nil Nil
17 Heng Feng Industry Sdn Bhd 150 000 Nil Nil
18 Yeo Hiap Seng (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd 10 000 Waste water treatment plant Biological treatment
19 F&NCC Beverages Sdn Bhd 15 000 Waste water treatment plant Biological treatment
20 Sundrop Fruits Juices Berhad 1000-2000 Waste water treatment plant Construction in progress
21 PPES Ternak 4500 Holding Pond Nil
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
7.0 Public Point of View
7.1 Question: Do you support the idea of Organic Waste Recycling or Reuse for a
cleaner environment?
Feedback:
Yes No
100 % 0 %
7.2 Question : Are you willing to pay a small fee to a waste management company or
a government agency which offer a proper organic waste management
system to handle your factory’s organic waste?
Feedback :
Yes No
48 % 52 %
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
8.0 Discussion
8.1 Physical Form and Moisture Content of the Organic Waste
From this survey, 44 types of waste have been identified from the 21 selected food
manufacturing/processing factories. 79.55 % of the 44 types of organic waste is in solid
form and the remaining 20.45 % is in slurry or liquid form (this did not include waste
water from floor and machine cleaning). Beverages, ice-cream processing, cooking oil
from noodle processing and animal blood from chicken slaughtering house are the main
contributors to the liquid or slurry organic waste.
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Chart 1 : % Of Solid Content For Waste Type
% Of Solid Content For Waste Type
7
2
0
9
0 0
13
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9
4
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
< 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 90% > 90%
% Solid Content
Nu
mb
er
Of
Waste
Typ
e
Number Of Waste Type
Liquid/Slurry Waste Solid Waste
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Based on Chart 1, 36 waste type (79.55%) are in solid form and 8 waste type (20.45 %)
are in liquid/slurry form which include 2 waste oil.
8.2 Disposal Method for Organic Waste from Food Manufacturing/Processing
Industries
Total organic waste from the 21 factroies is estimated to be around 610 metric tonnes per
month. Out of 613 metric tonnes of the organic waste, 81.35 % were re-used as animal
feed or as fertilizer; 4.89 % used as landfill at their own premise; 9.63 % collected and
disposed off by either private company or Trienekens and 4.13 % directly discharged into
pond or drain.
Chart 2 : Main Disposal Method For Total Organic Waste From 21 Food
Manufacturing/Processing Factories in Kuching
Disposal Method for Organic Waste
72.54%
8.81%
4.89%
5.00%
4.63%
4.13%Resale for animal feed orother purpose
Given to farmer as fertilizeror animal feed
Used as landfill at their ownpremise
Being collected by privatecompany for disposal
Disposed by Trieneken
Discharge into pond ordrain.
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Chart 3 : Organic Waste Disposal Method by Each Industrial Sector
Organic Waste Disposal Method By Each Industry Sector
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Be
vera
ge
s M
an
ufa
ctu
rin
g
Ind
ust
rie
s
Me
eh
on
, No
od
les &
Re
late
d P
rod
ucts
Ag
ricu
lture
Pro
du
cts
Pro
ce
ssin
g
Fis
h P
rep
ara
tio
n &
Pre
se
rvin
ce (
Fis
h &
Pra
wn
)
Mis
ce
llan
eo
us
Fo
od
Pre
pa
ratio
n
Bis
cu
its
Fa
cto
rie
s/C
on
fect
ion
eri
es
etc
Ab
atto
irPe
rce
nta
ge
of
wa
ste
by
We
igh
t
Re-sale for animal feed or other purpose Given to farmer as fertiliser or
Used as landfill at their own premise Being collected by private company for disposal
Discharge into pond or drain Trieneken
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
Based on Chart 2 and Chart 3, most of the 21 food manufacturing/processing factories re-
use ~ 86 % of the organic waste. Only ~ 14 % of total organic waste is not recycled but
disposed off by Trienekens or private company or discharge into pond or drain.
8.3 Disposal Form of Organic Waste
90% of the organic waste were disposed in its raw condition/form. The remaining 10 %
of the organic waste were treated before disposal and it consists mainly of sludge cake,
organic sludge from wastewater treatment plant and oven dried soya bean paste. The
treated organic wastes from wastewater treatment plant have been blended with organic
compound during treatment.
8.4 Public Opinion
All the 21 food manufacturing/processing factories selected for this survey agreed and
supported the idea of recycling or reusing the organic waste for a cleaner environment.
However, only 48% of the factories surveyed were willing to pay for a fee if it were
imposed by the government or private company to collect the organic waste for proper
waste management, provided that the imposed fees were reasonable and would not be a
burden to the industry.
52 % of the 21 factories did not agree or willing to pay fees for the disposal of their
organic waste because the organic waste from the industry still has a re-sale value. They
feel that the Government or private company should help the food manufacturing /
processing industry with a proper organic waste processing system rather than just
imposing disposal cost.
9.0 Conclusion
From this survey on the 21 selected food manufacturing / processing factories, the
quantity of organic waste produced is feasible for collection for further processing.
However, 80% of these solid organic waste still has a re-sale or re-usable value, therefore,
collection of these waste may incur cost rather than collecting waste disposing fees from
the waste generators. The Government or private company should take into consideration
of the cost of the waste if they intend to collect the organic waste from food
manufacturing/processing industries.
Besides the food manufacturing/processing industries, restaurants; bakeries and wet
market are other industries, which are also the major organic waste producers. A survey
should also be conducted for these food outlets and eateries.
Teknologi Enviro-Kimia (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd
10.0 Appendix
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