origin and development of social work

“CHILD IS THE FATHER OF THE

MAN”

My heart leaps when I beholdA rainbow in the sky;

So was it when my life began;

So is it now I am a man;

So be it when I shall grow old;

Or let me die!

The Child is the Father of the man;

And I wish my days to be

Bound each to each by natural piety

-Wordsworth

Just like watching rainbow, the child in every human, loves to hear stories.

THE STORY OF SOCIAL WORKARUN PAUL, MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

SOCIAL WORK DEFINITION (IFSW)

• “The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilizing theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work."

SOCIAL WORK HISTORY

• USA• UK• INDIA

AMERCIAN STORY

ERA OF CHURCH CENTERED CHARITY

• Before 1800AD• Church main agency for charity• MAJOR ACTIVITY: Able bodied homes

RISING OF SERVICE ORGANISATIONS

• 18th Century• Emerged Voluntary Associations• Short life• Due to Duplication & Exploitation of services• Charity Organaizations• Fund rising, Distribution, Joint Survey

FIRST SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK

• 1898 Training programmes started• First School of Social Work at NY• Known as NEWYORK SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK• To impart training to the members

ERA OF GREAT DEPRESSION

• 1929• People lost jobs• FEDRAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ACT in 1933• It emphasized appointment of trained social workers

NEW SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMMES

• 1960, Anti- Poverty Programme• Martin Luther King, Leader of Congress• Pressurized government for equal rights to everyone

FORMATION OF NASW

• From 1930 onwards many professional associations formed

• American Association of Medical Social Workers (AAMSW), the American Association of Psychiatric Social Workers (AAPSW), the National Association of School Social Workers (NAASW), The American association of Group Workers (AAGW), the Association for the Study of Community Organization (ASCO), and the Social Work Research Group (SWRG)

• On October 1, 1955, NASW born

ENGLISH HISTORY

PREMITIVE PERIOD

• NO SOCIAL WELFARE/ WORK• Problems were CURSE of GOD

ERA OF CHRISTIAN CHARITY

• Christian beliefs & its wide effect on all over England• Importance of Charity• Birth of many missionaries, parishes, schools, hospitals• Same as Era of church centered Services in America

STATUTE OF HENRY VIII

• 1531• Intervention of Monarch• Mayors and justices appointed to investigate applications

kept by parishes• Registration, License and Assigned area for the

applicants• Recognition of public responsibility for the poor and

needy• Nationalization of Churches and charity institutions

ELIZABETHEAN POOR LAW

• 1601• First social legislation• Some of the provisions were• RESIDENCE: For the people of particular area; not for

migrants; stay for three years required for benefits.• RELATIVES: Earning member has the duty to take care of

others.• ABLE-BODIED HOMES: Work homes for physicaly sound

beggers

SOCIAL SERVICES & THEORIES

• 1800-1900• ADAM SMITH THEORY: Government should minimize

its involvement; otherwise lead to much dependency.• MALTHUSIAN THEORY: MORE FREE SERVICES=

MORE CHILDREN• EMERGENCE OF ROYAL COMMISSION, 1832.• Recommended changes to poor law based on the theories

AMMENDMENT OF ELIZABATHAN POOR LAW

• New poor law in 1834, based on the recommendations of Royal commission.

• Able-bodied continued to work in able-bodied homes.• Better help for slum dwellers.• FACTORIES ACT• SLUM DWELLERS PUBLIC HEALTH ACT

FIRST SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK

• Towards the end of 19th century, many charity organizations formed.

• Started giving training to its members• Later formed a School of Social Work, 1910

WILLIAM BEVERIDGE COMMISSION

• 1941• New committee• Chairman: William Beveridge• Health and Old age services• 1948, Scoial Security for industrial workers• Provision for special grants at every important states of

life

INDIAN HISTORY

CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES

• Arrival of Christian missionaries• Organized service

ERA OF SOCIAL REFORM

• Organized services for needy• Emergence of Brahmasamaj, Aryasamaj, Ramakrishna

mission• Religious in nature

INFLUENCE OF WESTERN IDEAS

• Western ideas started to influence• Liberalism, rationalism, democracy• Resulted in a Rationalistic approach to social service

THE SERVANTS OF INDIA SOCIETY

• 1905• Gopal Krishna Gokhale• No religious basis• Training to members

ARRIVAL OF GANDHI

• New diamensions to the service sector• No scope for difference in social, religious, political and

economic aspects.• VISION: health and hygiene, basic education, adult

education, women’s welfare, students’ welfare, rural welfare, tribal welfare, work with lepers and economic equality.

FIRST SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK

• 1936• Clifford Marshal, protestant missionary• Sir Dorabji Tata School of Social Sciences• Bombay• Renamed as Tata Institute of Social Sciences

Thank you!