our poetry vocabulary and mini lessons. “annabel lee” winged – having wings winged – having...

Our PoetryOur Poetry

Vocabulary and Vocabulary and

Mini LessonsMini Lessons

““Annabel Lee” Annabel Lee”

winged – having wings winged – having wings (pronounced wing-ed)(pronounced wing-ed)

seraphs – angelsseraphs – angels kinsmen – relativeskinsmen – relatives sepulcher – tomb sepulcher – tomb

(pronounced sep-ul-ker)(pronounced sep-ul-ker) coveted – to wish for with great coveted – to wish for with great

envyenvy

““Because I Could Not Stop Because I Could Not Stop for Death”for Death”

immortality – living foreverimmortality – living forever haste – hurryhaste – hurry civility – politenesscivility – politeness tulle – (pronounced “tool”) tulle – (pronounced “tool”)

a net-like fabric often used in wedding a net-like fabric often used in wedding veilsveils

gossamer – a light-weight, delicate fabricgossamer – a light-weight, delicate fabric cornice – the decorative piece that forms the cornice – the decorative piece that forms the

top edge of a building or column and often top edge of a building or column and often extends beyond it extends beyond it

surmised – decided or guessed surmised – decided or guessed

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““Because I Could Not Stop for Because I Could Not Stop for Death” Death”

by: Emily Dickinsonby: Emily Dickinson

G? What literary devices does G? What literary devices does

the Dickinson use to enrich her the Dickinson use to enrich her

writing?writing?

PersonificationPersonificationThe giving of human qualities The giving of human qualities

to the non-humanto the non-human““Because I could not stop for Because I could not stop for Death/He kindly stopped for Death/He kindly stopped for me . . .”me . . .”

AlliterationAlliteration

The repetition of consonant The repetition of consonant sounds within lines of poetrysounds within lines of poetry“ “ . . . For only . . . For only GGossamer,ossamer,

my my GGown/My own/My TTippet onlyippet only

TTulle . . .”ulle . . .”

““Big Yellow Taxi”Big Yellow Taxi”

DDT – DDT – (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane))A toxic insecticideA toxic insecticide

““The Choice”The Choice”

billowing – a rolling mass billowing – a rolling mass like a wavelike a wave

smoldering – red, like a smoldering – red, like a slow smoky fireslow smoky fire lilting – in a lively, cheerful lilting – in a lively, cheerful mannermanner

““Crossing the Bar”Crossing the Bar”

moaning – a long, low moaning – a long, low sound indicating pain or sound indicating pain or griefgrief

embark – depart, leaveembark – depart, leavebourne – limit, destinationbourne – limit, destination

““The Day is Done”The Day is Done” wafted – to float lightly in the breeze or waveswafted – to float lightly in the breeze or waves akin – similar toakin – similar to banish – to drive or force awaybanish – to drive or force away ““bards sublime” famous, old poets (like bards sublime” famous, old poets (like

Shakespeare)Shakespeare) martial – suited for a warrior or warmartial – suited for a warrior or war toll – costs, price paidtoll – costs, price paid endeavor – efforts, workendeavor – efforts, work devoid – withoutdevoid – without benediction – an expression of good wishesbenediction – an expression of good wishes

““Desiderata”Desiderata”

placidly – placidly – peacefully, calmlypeacefully, calmly

amid – in the amid – in the middle ofmiddle of

haste – hurryhaste – hurry vexations – vexations –

causes of trouble causes of trouble or worryor worry

feign – pretendfeign – pretend cynical – doubtfulcynical – doubtful

aridity – drynessaridity – dryness disenchantment – disenchantment –

disappointmentsdisappointments perennial – returning perennial – returning

year after yearyear after year labors and labors and

aspirations – work aspirations – work and goalsand goals

sham – fakesham – fake drudgery – hard or drudgery – hard or

dull workdull work

““DreamsDreams Lead the Heart”Lead the Heart”

vivid – bright, boldvivid – bright, bold

falters – moves unsteadilyfalters – moves unsteadily

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““Dreams Lead the Heart” Dreams Lead the Heart”

by: Margaret Sangsterby: Margaret Sangster

G?: What literary devices does G?: What literary devices does

Sangster use to enrich her Sangster use to enrich her writing?writing?

PersonificationPersonification

The use of human qualities to portray The use of human qualities to portray the the non-humannon-human

“ “ . . . . . . There is no dream so small but its There is no dream so small but its slim slim

fingers/May point the path to all that fingers/May point the path to all that life holdslife holds

best . . .” best . . .”

““The Eagle”The Eagle”

clasps – grabs (as if by claws)clasps – grabs (as if by claws)

crag – a steep rugged rock or cliffcrag – a steep rugged rock or cliff

azure – the color of a clear blue skyazure – the color of a clear blue sky

““Fog”Fog”

haunches – rear legshaunches – rear legs

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““The Eagle,” by: Alfred, Lord TennysonThe Eagle,” by: Alfred, Lord Tennyson ““Fog,” by: Carl SandburgFog,” by: Carl Sandburg ““the drum,” by: Nikki Giovannithe drum,” by: Nikki Giovanni

GQ: What makes imagery GQ: What makes imagery imagery?imagery?

ImageryImagery

Language that a poet or writer uses Language that a poet or writer uses to help a reader re-create a mental to help a reader re-create a mental “image” of a scene“image” of a scene Uses the senses to how something Uses the senses to how something

looks, smells, tastes, sounds, feelslooks, smells, tastes, sounds, feels

““The Forecast”The Forecast”

sprawl – sprawl –

to spread out to spread out

or lie aboutor lie about

““For My Sister Molly Who For My Sister Molly Who in the Fifties”in the Fifties”

Eatonton (Georgia)Eatonton (Georgia)Walker’s hometownWalker’s hometown

““Friendship”Friendship”

chaff- the trashy matter chaff- the trashy matter separated from the seed separated from the seed when threshing grainwhen threshing grain

sift – to separatesift – to separate(in this case, the good from (in this case, the good from the bad)the bad)

““The Frost”The Frost”

blustering – to blustering – to move in a noisy, move in a noisy, boastful wayboastful way

““in vain” – without in vain” – without successsuccess

crest – the upper crest – the upper part or pointpart or point

boughs – branchesboughs – branches ““mail”- armor made mail”- armor made

of small metal linksof small metal links

margin – edge or margin – edge or borderborder

bevies- a large group ofbevies- a large group of cupboard- (pronounced cupboard- (pronounced

“cub-bard”)“cub-bard”) kitchen cabinetkitchen cabinet

““tchick” – the sound tchick” – the sound

of breaking glass of breaking glass An example of An example of

onomatopoeiaonomatopoeia

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““The Frost,” by Hannah Flagg The Frost,” by Hannah Flagg GouldGould

G? What literary G? What literary devices does Gould devices does Gould use to enrich her use to enrich her writing? writing?

PersonificationPersonification

A type of figurative language A type of figurative language in which a non-human in which a non-human subject is given human subject is given human qualitiesqualitiesFrost talks, looks, thinks, Frost talks, looks, thinks, etcetc..

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia

The use of words to imitate The use of words to imitate sounds sounds Examples: crash, buzz, Examples: crash, buzz, hiss, jingle, cluckhiss, jingle, cluck““tchick” creates the tchick” creates the

sound of cracking glasssound of cracking glass

Rhyme schemeRhyme scheme

AAAB CCCBAAAB CCCB

AlliterationAlliteration

The repetition of consonant The repetition of consonant soundssounds such as “such as “bbevies of evies of bbirds” irds”

““If”If”

imposter – pretenderimposter – pretender knaves – persons of low-class knaves – persons of low-class

birthbirth pitch-and-toss – a gamblepitch-and-toss – a gamble sinew – tendons that holdsinew – tendons that hold

muscles in placemuscles in place virtue – good moral conductvirtue – good moral conduct

““Incident in a Rose Incident in a Rose Garden”Garden”

scythe – (pronounced “syth”) scythe – (pronounced “syth”) A gardening tool with a curved A gardening tool with a curved

blade and a long handleblade and a long handle the Grim Reaper’s tool of the Grim Reaper’s tool of choicechoice

beckoned – called or signaled beckoned – called or signaled as if to inviteas if to invite

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““Incident in a Rose Garden” Incident in a Rose Garden”

by: Donald Justiceby: Donald Justice

G? What literary G? What literary devices doesdevices does

Justice use to enrich his Justice use to enrich his writing?writing?

PersonificationPersonification Applying human qualities to non-Applying human qualities to non-

human entitieshuman entities

“ “ . . .Death/ . . . stood there . . . . . .Death/ . . . stood there . . . [and] . . . He would have [and] . . . He would have spoken . . .”spoken . . .”

SimileSimile

A comparison of 2 elements A comparison of 2 elements using “like” or “as”using “like” or “as”

“ “ . . .Death/ . . .Thin as a . . .Death/ . . .Thin as a

scythe . . .stood there . . .”scythe . . .stood there . . .”

IronyIrony

What occurs is the opposite of what What occurs is the opposite of what is expected to happenis expected to happen

The master assumes thatThe master assumes that

Death would never come Death would never come

for him (because of his position,for him (because of his position,

wealth, age, etc.)wealth, age, etc.)

““Invictus”Invictus”

fell – dangerousfell – dangerous winced – to shrink back as if in painwinced – to shrink back as if in pain clutch – graspclutch – grasp circumstance – situationcircumstance – situation bludgeonings – beatingsbludgeonings – beatings wrath – violent angerwrath – violent anger looms – hangs aroundlooms – hangs around menace – dangermenace – danger strait – distressed or confusedstrait – distressed or confused

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““Invictus” by: William Ernest Invictus” by: William Ernest HenleyHenley

G? What literary devices does G? What literary devices does

Henley use to enrich his Henley use to enrich his

writing?writing?

Rhyme SchemeRhyme Scheme

A rhyme pattern present at the A rhyme pattern present at the end of poetry linesend of poetry linesabababab

AlliterationAlliteration

The repetition of consonant The repetition of consonant sounds within lines of poetrysounds within lines of poetry“ “ . . . Black as the . . . Black as the ppit from it from ppole to ole to

ppole . . . ”ole . . . ” ““Under the Under the bbludgeonings of ludgeonings of

chance/My head is chance/My head is bbloody, but loody, but ununbbowed . . .”owed . . .”

““A Life on the Ocean”A Life on the Ocean”

revels – a noisy celebrationrevels – a noisy celebration rave – move about wildlyrave – move about wildly brine – salty, sea waterbrine – salty, sea water gagalele – – a strong winda strong wind stout – stout – strong and sturdystrong and sturdy tempest- chaos and commotiontempest- chaos and commotion pine – to long for something very muchpine – to long for something very much abaft – toward the stern or rear end of abaft – toward the stern or rear end of

the boatthe boat

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““A Life on the Ocean Wave”A Life on the Ocean Wave”

by: Epes Sargentby: Epes Sargent

G? What literary devices does G? What literary devices does Sargent use to enrich his Sargent use to enrich his writing?writing?

PersonificationPersonification

The use of human qualities or The use of human qualities or actions to portray the non-actions to portray the non-humanhuman

““. . .The clouds have . . .The clouds have begun to frown . . .”begun to frown . . .”

SimilesSimiles

A comparison using “like” or A comparison using “like” or “as”“as”

““like a caged eagle”like a caged eagle”““like an ocean-bird”like an ocean-bird”

Rhyme schemeRhyme scheme

A pattern of end-line rhymeA pattern of end-line rhymeABABCDCDABABCDCD

““Living”Living”

woo/court- to try to gain the love ofwoo/court- to try to gain the love of bliss – something that brings bliss – something that brings

happinesshappiness fondle/caress – to touch or handle in fondle/caress – to touch or handle in

tender or loving waytender or loving way advent – the first appearance or advent – the first appearance or

arrivalarrival hail – greethail – greet attain – achieve, getattain – achieve, get

““Love”Love”

tavern – a drinking bartavern – a drinking bar

reproach – deserving shame or reproach – deserving shame or disgracedisgrace

creed – a statement of beliefs or creed – a statement of beliefs or guiding principlesguiding principles

““Mother to Son” Mother to Son”

stair – short form of stair – short form of “staircase”“staircase”

tacks – small nailstacks – small nails landing – the level part of landing – the level part of

a staircasea staircase

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““Mother to Son”Mother to Son”

by: Langston Hughesby: Langston Hughes

G? Who is the speaker of a G? Who is the speaker of a poem?poem?

The speakerThe speaker

DefinitionDefinition: the voice that speaks the : the voice that speaks the poem’s wordspoem’s words

a person whose attitude and personality are a person whose attitude and personality are created by the poet.created by the poet.

2. The title gives clues about the speaker.2. The title gives clues about the speaker.

3. The poem generally shares speaker’s 3. The poem generally shares speaker’s experiences and offers advice based on experiences and offers advice based on that experience.that experience.

4. Important: The speaker may or may 4. Important: The speaker may or may not be the poet.not be the poet.

““The New Colossus”The New Colossus” brazen – sounding loud and harshbrazen – sounding loud and harsh exiles – someone who is forced to leave his exiles – someone who is forced to leave his home countryhome country storied – having an interesting historystoried – having an interesting history pomp – a show of magnificence or splendorpomp – a show of magnificence or splendor wretched – miserable or unhappywretched – miserable or unhappy refuse – (pronounced “ref-use”)refuse – (pronounced “ref-use”)

worthless, garbageworthless, garbage teeming – filledteeming – filled tempest-tost – tossed about in commotion or tempest-tost – tossed about in commotion or chaoschaos

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““The New Colossus” by: Emma The New Colossus” by: Emma LazarusLazarus

G? What literary devices G? What literary devices

does Lazarus use to enrichdoes Lazarus use to enrich

her writing?her writing?

Rhyme SchemeRhyme Scheme

A pattern of end-line rhymeA pattern of end-line rhymeabbaaabbaa

AllusionAllusion

A reference to a famous A reference to a famous historical or literary figure historical or literary figure for comparison purposesfor comparison purposes

Colossus: a statue erected Colossus: a statue erected

in Greece to honor the Greek in Greece to honor the Greek

sun god, Heliossun god, Helios

AlliterationAlliteration

The repetition of consonants The repetition of consonants within lines of poetrywithin lines of poetry““Here at our Here at our ssea-ea-wawashshed, ed, ssununsset gateet gatess shshall all sstand . . .”tand . . .”

“ “ . . .glows . . .glows wworld-orld-wwide ide wwelcomeelcome . . .” . . .”

““O Captain, My Captain”O Captain, My Captain”

rack – torture, pain, or sorrowrack – torture, pain, or sorrow exulting – celebratingexulting – celebrating keel – a timber which runs the keel – a timber which runs the

center length of a shipcenter length of a ship grim – solemngrim – solemn trills – plays musicaltrills – plays musical

notes notes

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““O’ Captain, My Captain”O’ Captain, My Captain”

by Walt Whitmanby Walt Whitman

G? What literary device does G? What literary device does Whitman use to enrich his Whitman use to enrich his writing?writing?

Extended MetaphorExtended Metaphor A figure of speech in which something is A figure of speech in which something is

described as though it described as though it werewere something something differentdifferent Used to point out similarities between Used to point out similarities between

unlike thingsunlike things The comparison continues the entire The comparison continues the entire

length of the piecelength of the piece ““fearful trip”fearful trip” the Civil War the Civil War ““the ship”the ship” the United States the United States ““the prize”the prize” victory victory ““the port” the port” peace peace ““captain” “father”captain” “father” Lincoln Lincoln

from “The Passionate from “The Passionate Shepherd” and “The Shepherd” and “The Nymphs Reply to the Nymphs Reply to the Passionate Shepherd”Passionate Shepherd” prive – enjoyprive – enjoy

dales – valleysdales – valleys melodious – singingmelodious – singing madrigals – love songsmadrigals – love songs kirtle – gownkirtle – gown dumb – unable to speakdumb – unable to speak wanton – extravagantwanton – extravagant wayward – tending to do as one pleaseswayward – tending to do as one pleases reckoning yields – gives into a time for the reckoning yields – gives into a time for the

settling of accountssettling of accounts gall – bitternessgall – bitterness Philomel – a nightgale that sings love songsPhilomel – a nightgale that sings love songs

““Ring Out, Wild Bells”Ring Out, Wild Bells” saps – drains the energy fromsaps – drains the energy from feud – disagreementsfeud – disagreements redress – relieve, remedy, to set rightredress – relieve, remedy, to set right strife – conflictstrife – conflict modes – kinds or waysmodes – kinds or ways mournful – sadmournful – sad fuller minstrel – singer of the highest rankfuller minstrel – singer of the highest rank false pride – arrogancefalse pride – arrogance civic slander – dishonest statements made civic slander – dishonest statements made

about other peopleabout other people foul – nastyfoul – nasty narrow lust – focused greednarrow lust – focused greed

““The Road Not Taken”The Road Not Taken”

diverged – to move or extend in diverged – to move or extend in different directions from a common different directions from a common point point (such as a fork in the road)(such as a fork in the road)

undergrowth – low growing plant life undergrowth – low growing plant life on the floor of a foreston the floor of a forest

trodden – to tread or walk ontrodden – to tread or walk on

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““The Road Not Taken” by: The Road Not Taken” by: Robert FrostRobert Frost

G?: What literary device does G?: What literary device does Frost use to enrich his writing?Frost use to enrich his writing?

Extended MetaphorExtended Metaphor

A figure of speech in which something is A figure of speech in which something is described as though it were something described as though it were something differentdifferent Used to point out similarities between Used to point out similarities between

2 unlike things2 unlike things The comparison continues throughout The comparison continues throughout

the entire length of the piecethe entire length of the piece ““diverging roads”diverging roads” major choices major choices that people have to make in lifethat people have to make in life

AlliterationAlliteration

The repetition of consonant The repetition of consonant sounds within lines of poetrysounds within lines of poetry“ “ . . . Because it . . . Because it wwas grassy as grassy

and and wwanted anted wwear/ear/ThThough as ough as for for ththat at ththe passing e passing ththere . . .”ere . . .”

““Skydiver”Skydiver”

poised – held firmly in a steady positionpoised – held firmly in a steady position interim – a period of time between interim – a period of time between

eventsevents chasm – a deep split or gap in the chasm – a deep split or gap in the

EarthEarth gap gap fanatic – overly enthusiasticfanatic – overly enthusiastic steeple – the tall pointed part of a steeple – the tall pointed part of a

churchchurch grotesque – unnaturally odd or uglygrotesque – unnaturally odd or ugly

Mini Lesson # __Mini Lesson # __“Skydiver” literary devices“Skydiver” literary devices

similes: comparisons using similes: comparisons using

““like” or “as”like” or “as”“…“…like a clothed frog…”like a clothed frog…”

metaphors: comparisons in metaphors: comparisons in which one thing is said to be which one thing is said to be anotheranother “…“…the cloth flower opens…”the cloth flower opens…” “…“…an exclamation point upside an exclamation point upside

downdown

Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare

Thee to a Summer’s DayThee to a Summer’s Day

temperate – mild temperate – mild untrimmed – not changed untrimmed – not changed to a desired positionto a desired position lease – an agreed upon lease – an agreed upon length of timelength of time owest – to have or possessowest – to have or possess

PersonificationPersonification

Applying human qualities to the Applying human qualities to the non-humannon-human“ “ . . . The eye of heaven shines . . . The eye of heaven shines

. . .”. . .”“ “ . . . Nor shall Death . . . Nor shall Death

brag . . .”brag . . .”

Rhyme SchemeRhyme Scheme

A rhyme pattern present at the A rhyme pattern present at the end of lines of poetryend of lines of poetryABABCABABC

““Sonnet XLIII from The Sonnet XLIII from The Portuguese”Portuguese”

breadth - widthbreadth - width

““Shiloh: A Requiem”Shiloh: A Requiem”

swallows – birds which glide in flightswallows – birds which glide in flight wheeling – to fly in a circular patternwheeling – to fly in a circular pattern solaced – comfortedsolaced – comforted parched – dry, thirstyparched – dry, thirsty foemen – enemiesfoemen – enemies undeceive – unable toundeceive – unable to fool or trickfool or trick

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““Shiloh: A Requiem” by: Shiloh: A Requiem” by: Herman MelvilleHerman Melville

G? What makes a G? What makes a requiemrequiem a a requiemrequiem??

RequiemRequiem

A written piece composed to A written piece composed to honor the deadhonor the dead

ToneTone solemn, quiet, respectful, solemn, quiet, respectful, almost mournfulalmost mournful

Different formsDifferent forms: songs, chants, : songs, chants, poems, etc.poems, etc.

““Stopping by Woods on a Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”Snowy Evening”

queer – odd, unusualqueer – odd, unusual

Mini Lesson # __Mini Lesson # __

““Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”Evening”

by: Robert Frostby: Robert Frost

G? What literary techniques does G? What literary techniques does Frost use to enrich his writing?Frost use to enrich his writing?

PersonificationPersonification

Giving human qualities to the non-Giving human qualities to the non-humanhuman “ “ . . . he gives his harness bells a . . . he gives his harness bells a

shake/To ask if there . . .”shake/To ask if there . . .”

AlliterationAlliteration

A repetition of consonants sounds A repetition of consonants sounds within lines of poetrywithin lines of poetry “ “ . . . . . . HHe gives e gives hhis is hharness arness

bells . . .”bells . . .” “ “ . . . . . . ddark and ark and ddeep . . .”eep . . .”

Poetic devicesPoetic devices

Poetic formPoetic form: the way the poem : the way the poem looks or is arranged on the pagelooks or is arranged on the pageWritten in lines, grouped in Written in lines, grouped in

stanzasstanzas

Poetic devices, Poetic devices, continuedcontinued

Traditional formTraditional form: each : each line has the same number line has the same number of syllables and each of syllables and each stanza has the same stanza has the same number of linesnumber of lines8 syllables per line and 4 8 syllables per line and 4 lines per stanzalines per stanza

Poetic devices, Poetic devices, continuedcontinued

Regular rhyme patternRegular rhyme pattern: : predictable rhymepredictable rhymeaaba ccdc eefe ggggaaba ccdc eefe gggg

““There is No Frigate like There is No Frigate like a Book”a Book”

frigate – a ship used for escortingfrigate – a ship used for escorting

or patrollingor patrolling coursers – swift, spirited horsescoursers – swift, spirited horses offence – something that causes offence – something that causes

worry or irritationworry or irritation toll - price paid for traveltoll - price paid for travel frugal – careful in spendingfrugal – careful in spending

or using resourcesor using resources

Mini Lesson #___Mini Lesson #___

““Waiting for the World to Waiting for the World to Change”Change”

By: John MayerBy: John Mayer

G?: What makes propaganda G?: What makes propaganda propaganda?propaganda?

PropagandaPropaganda DefinitionDefinition: the use of facts, ideas or : the use of facts, ideas or

claims to persuade people to support a claims to persuade people to support a particular opinion or course of actionparticular opinion or course of action

GoalGoal: intended to provoke strong : intended to provoke strong feelings readers/listenersfeelings readers/listeners

Frequently used in:Frequently used in:* campaign speeches* campaign speeches* advertisements* advertisements* editorial articles* editorial articles

Common techniquesCommon techniques quoting the opinions of experts quoting the opinions of experts

““Chess master Mark Yoffie believes Fisher Chess master Mark Yoffie believes Fisher played the finest game of his career today.”played the finest game of his career today.”

giving endorsements by famous peoplegiving endorsements by famous people “ “Supermodel Cara Ferguson says Victor is theSupermodel Cara Ferguson says Victor is the only stylist she allows to touch her hair”only stylist she allows to touch her hair”

using statistics using statistics ““Over 15% of American live below the poverty level.”Over 15% of American live below the poverty level.”

saying most people agree with you saying most people agree with you ““Like myself, the citizens of this city want a clean sweep. Like myself, the citizens of this city want a clean sweep.

We’re tired of politics as usual. We want to see new We’re tired of politics as usual. We want to see new faces in City Hall.”faces in City Hall.”

Attacking an opponent or someone you disagree Attacking an opponent or someone you disagree withwith Sam Belvic has ruined the baseball team. He has Sam Belvic has ruined the baseball team. He has

chosen poor players and overpaid them. Let’s fire him.chosen poor players and overpaid them. Let’s fire him.

““What is Success?”What is Success?”

“ “a redeemed social a redeemed social condition” – an improved condition” – an improved problem in society like problem in society like poverty, pollution, etc.poverty, pollution, etc.