overview of water safety planning (wsp) & wastewater risk abatement planning … and...
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“For Municipalities, By Municipalities, Benefitting Municipalities and their Communities”
Overview of Water Safety Planning (WSP) & Wastewater Risk
Abatement Planning (W2RAPs) MBI Water Services
Master Class #5 2017
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Why Do We Need WSP and W2RAP?
• End-product testing is not enough – Reactive – problem has already
occurred – Sampling takes time – response
delayed
• Preparedness and resilience
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Components & Steps
1. Preparation
2. System assessment
3. Monitoring
4. Management & communication
5. Feedback
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Time
Tim
e in
pu
t
Requirements
• Management commitment • Suitable team • Competent and trained staff • “Right” organizational culture • Initial development = considerable
time input • Time spent in field increases &
reliance on the results of routine lab tests decreases
• Once established, time input
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Enabling Effective WSP and W2RAP
Effective WSP & W2RAP
Hygiene and sanitation
Research
Organizational culture
Staff training & continuing education
Equipment upgrade &
maintenance
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Water Safety Plan vs. Water Safety Planning?
Water Safety Plan vs. Water Safety & Security Plan?
W2RAP vs. Sanitation Safety Planning (SSP)?
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SA Water Quality Initiatives
• Municipal Water Quality Management
(eWQMS) (2006)
• Incentive-based Regulation
– Blue Drop/Green Drop Certification (2008)
• FIFA World Cup 2010
• SANS 241 (DWQ Standards)
– 1984 - 1999 - 2001 - 2005 - 2011 - 2015
• WRC – provide WSP resources
– Guidelines and spreadsheet/web tools
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Blue & Green Drop Audits
• Proof / Evidence / Show
me!
• Management commitment!
• Preparation and planning –
not last minute!
• No Drop
– Water conservation and demand management
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WSP in SA: Initial Experience
• Have policies/procedures, etc. BUT not always
up to-date/centrally located/nicely packaged
• Improved understanding of challenges
• Implementation of plans insufficient
numbers/skilled O&M staff
• BDC a high profile indicator priority
item/funding was forthcoming
• WSP must be owned by municipality
• Need guidance to easily complete a WSP, flag
high risk issues, & tracking corrective actions
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Where is SA Now?
• BDC 6th Round (2014): 1036
systems assessed
– Good compliance for 84% of systems
– 37% of systems have ACTIVE water
safety planning
– 24% of systems do not implement
WSP activities at all
– 19% of systems are informed by full
SANS 241 analysis and a Risk Defined
Monitoring programme
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WSP and W2RAP Steps: Key Observations
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Team
• Q: How often do we meet, discuss issues, and make decisions?
A: Not often!
• Team Meetings
– Held regardless of stakeholders
– Separate internal WSP/W2RAP team meeting
– Monthly/quarterly basis
– Track task/action progress & feedback to management
• Stakeholders
– Stakeholder participation generally poor
– Every 6 months/once per year
– Present status update of progress
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System Description
• Description and flow diagrams
– Symbol chart
• DWQ standards
– Specific limits for ALL parameters of SANS 241 DWQ Standard
• Maps
– Consider inclusion of aerial maps of water treatment system (e.g. utilising GIS or Google)
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Walk the System!
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Describing Hazardous Events
• When describing hazardous events, BE SPECIFIC! • Clearly indicate what hazard could be introduced, and how. • A good hazardous event reads like this:
– X happens (to the water supply) because of Y • Examples:
– Source water becomes faecally contaminated (X) because of discharge of untreated domestic waste from households (Y)
– Water in the pipe network becomes contaminated (X) because of unsanitary pipeline repair practices (Y)
– Water is over- or under-dosed with chlorine (X) because of insufficient operator training (Y)
– X = What can happen to the water supply – Y = How it can happen (i.e. cause)
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Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment • Keep a photo diary
• Separate WSPs/W2RAPs and make specific
• Risk assessment methodology – Specify risk matrix/methodology
– Test and stick to it!
• Control measures vs. improvement actions – Clear separation between what exists and what is
required
– Control measures – validation and corrective action (e.g. if chlorine level is low we do this)
– Improvement actions – new controls (e.g. next year will be part of your control measures)
17
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Improvement Plan
• “Very high” and “high” risks must be prioritised
• Costs and funding source (i.e. commitment) must be clearly stipulated
– Multi-criteria decision analysis
• Must track task/action completion as per suggested WSP/W2RAP team meetings
• Conduct risk re-assessment (if improvement actions are implemented)
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Operational Monitoring
• Visual inspections
– Keep records of visual inspections / checklists / logbooks and ensure signed and dated
• Operational DWQ/WWQ monitoring
– Use data to track performance (e.g. management meetings)
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Verification
• Compliance monitoring – Incident Management Protocol or alert levels
– Risk-based monitoring
– Laboratory proficiency testing
• Consumer satisfaction surveys
• Audit – External audit (Regulator)
– Internal Audit
– At least one per year
– Audit particular aspects / steps
Are we spending our money wisely?
VERIFICATION
Compliance
monitoring
Auditing Consumer
satisfaction
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Management Procedures & Supporting Programmes • Need to set or improve Standard Operating
Procedures
• WSP/W2RAP team generate outputs for the SOPs and evaluate the effectiveness thereof
• ISO certification (QMS ISO 9001:2008)
• Develop plans and approve budgets i.e. implement/make a reality
• Keep records
• Buy-in and commitment throughout (ALL departments) is essential for long-term sustainability
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Review and Revision
• Don’t be shy to use your WSP/W2RAP tick tasks completed, change dates, etc.
• Date on cover page
• Include WSP/W2RAP team photo
• Sign-off by Top Management – commitment and funding to fix!!
• Must have a plan/timeline
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WSP Tools and Resources: SA
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W2RAP Tools and Resources: SA
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Tools and Resources: International
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If you don’t know where you’re going, any road will get you there…
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