p5 operators and expressions
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OPERATOROPERATOR
Symbol that operates on a certain data
type.
Example:+ -addition operator
Can operate on integer, character and real
Expression-combination of variables,constants and operators
Every expression evaluates to a value
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CONCEPT OF EVALUATIONCONCEPT OF EVALUATION
= Assignment operator
Assigns the value of the variable on the left hand
side to that of the right hand side.
Left hand side of the assignment operator and
the right hand side together form an expression.
For example:
int i,j;Valid expression would be: i=5;
j=i=5;
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TYPES OF OPERATORSTYPES OF OPERATORS
Classified based on their utility and action.
Arithmetic operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
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ARITHMETIC OPERATORSARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Perform arithmetic operations
Operates on any data type
List of arithmetic operators+ - addition
- - subtraction
* - multiplication
/ - division
% - modulo division
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Integer ArithmeticInteger Arithmetic
If operands such as x and y are integers,
then arithmetic operation on them is called
integer arithmetic. Always yields an integer value.
Example:
int x=16,y=5; Integer arithmetic on x and y are as
follows:
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Integer ArithmeticInteger Arithmetic
x=16,y=5;
x + y = 21;
x y = 11;
x * y = 80;
x / y = 3;/*result is truncated, decimal part is
discarded*/
x % y =1;/*result is the remainder of the integerdivision, sign of the result=sign of the
first operand*/
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Integer DivisionInteger Division
Result is truncated towards zero if both the
operands are of the same sign, and is
dependent on the machine if one of the
operands is negative.
Example:
6 / 8 = 0;
-6 / -8 = 0;
-6 / 8 = 0 or -1 /*machine dependent */
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Floating point ArithmeticFloating point Arithmetic
Operands are of data type float
% operator is not applicable
Example:float a=14.0,b=4.0;
P = a / b = 3.500000
Q = b / a = 0.285714R = a + b = 18.00000
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Mixed Mode ArithmeticMixed Mode Arithmetic
Operation between an integer and real
always yields a real result.
In this operation the integer is firstpromoted to a real and then the operation
is performed. Hence the result is real.
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Mixed Mode ArithmeticMixed Mode Arithmetic
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Relational OperatorsRelational Operators
Used to compare
arithmetic, logical and
character
expressions. Condition is evaluated
zero- false
one - true.
Operator Meaning
< Less than
> Greater than
= Greater than
or equal to== Equal to
!= Not equal to
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Logical OperatorsLogical Operators
Used to compare or evaluate logical and
relational expressions.
Operator Meaning
&& Logical AND
!! Logical OR! Logical NOT
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Type conversion in assignmentsType conversion in assignments
Sometimes type of the variable on the left
hand side may not be the same.
Value is promoted or demoted dependingon the value on the left hand side of =.
Example
int i ;
float b ;
i = 3.5 ; /*Float is demoted to int and only 3 is stored*/
b = 30 ; /*30 is promoted to float and 30.0000 is stored*/
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Type conversion in assignmentsType conversion in assignments
Let us consider an complex instruction
float a, b, c ;
int s ;
s = a * b * c / 100 + 32 / 4 - 3 * 1.1 ; /* answer value of float type is
demoted to int and stored in s */
K is an integer
A is an real
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Hierarchy of OperationsHierarchy of Operations
Priority or precedence in which operations are
performed arithmetic statements.
Within parenthesis hierarchy is same.But,if there is more than one set ofparenthesis, innermost parenthesis would be performed first.
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Hierarchy of OperationsHierarchy of Operations
Determine hierarchy and evaluate the
following expression
i = 2 * 3 / 4 + 4 / 4 + 8 - 2 + 5 / 8
i = 6 / 4 + 4 / 4 + 8 - 2 + 5/ 8 operation: *
i = 1 + 4 / 4 + 8 - 2 + 5 / 8 operation: /
i = 1 + 1+ 8 - 2 + 5 / 8 operation: /
i = 1 + 1 + 8 - 2 + 0 operation: /
i = 2 + 8 - 2 + 0 operation: +
i = 10 - 2 + 0 operation: +i = 8 + 0 operation : -
i = 8 operation: +
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Hierarchy of OperationsHierarchy of Operations
Evaluate
kk = 3 / 2 * 4 + 3 / 8 + 3
kk = 1 * 4 + 3 / 8 + 3 operation: /kk = 4 + 3 / 8 + 3 operation: *
kk = 4 + 0 + 3 operation: /
kk = 4 + 3 operation: +kk = 7 operation: +
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Converting General ArithmeticConverting General Arithmetic
Statement to C StatementStatement to C Statement
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Associativity of operatorsAssociativity of operators
Expression contains two operators of equalpriority, then it is solved using Associativity.
It can be of two types.
Left to Right
- Left operand must be unambiguous
Right to Left- Right operand must be
unambiguous
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Associativity of operatorsAssociativity of operators
Consider the expression
a = 3 / 2 * 5 ; /* there is a tie between *
and / operator */
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Associativity of operatorsAssociativity of operators
Consider one more expression
a = b = 3 ; /* both = has the same priority*/
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Associativity of operatorsAssociativity of operators
Another expression
z = a * b + c / d ; /* / and * has same priority
and same Associativity */
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