parallel session biorefuture 2009
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8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/parallel-session-biorefuture-2009 1/32
Impacts of Biorefineries onrural & regional development,
employment and environment.
Session on sustainability at BioreFuture 2009, 30th March 2009
Adrian Karbowski, IPiEO, Poland
akarbowski@yahoo.com
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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Biorefineries in
focus
1. Chemrec biorefinery in Piteå, Sweden2. Domsjö Fabriker in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden3. British Sugar, Wissington, Norfolk, UK
4. Cargill/ Cerestar Trafford Park, Manchester,UK 5. Greenmills/Amsterdam, The Netherlands
6. BioMCN, The Netherlands7. Nedalco, The Netherlands8. Biowert, Brensbach, Germany
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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Important findings of
the survey
• Biorefineries usually are set up at the existing
facilities (6 of 8 cases)• Only Biowert and Greenmills – greenfield ones
Biorefineries are still risky investment
andthe learning curve is less costly whenat the existing plants (i.e. by utilising
current processing infrastructure)
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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Important findings of
the survey
• Biorefineries contribute to:
– creation of new workplaces in the localeconomy
– development of rural areas and regionaldevelopment
– the protection of environment & overall
sustainability
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• Transition of existing plants tobiorefineries helps in the maintenance ofcurrent jobs.
• Effects on employment in agriculture are
mostly positive but also depend on thegeographic supply chain structure.
Important findings
of the survey
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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Biorefineries create
jobs in the localeconomy ?
• both direct and indirect for greenfield
biorefineries
• mostly indirect (supply chain and clients) at theexisting facilities
Direct Indirect
BioMCN 100 4 to 5.000
Domsjö 340 ++
Biowert 7-9 (3-shifts) +
Greenmills 200 ++
1 job iscreated pereach 1000
ton of newlyinstalledprocessingcapacity*.
* based on the study of Ecofys
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Biorefineries createjobs?
• can displace direct jobs like in the case of
Cargill/Cerestar
Why ?
• because of economics (change: corn to wheat)
!!!! But !!!!
now supports local wheat growing
and the wheat price
good for farmers (jobs in agriculture)
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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Biorefineries contribute to the
development of rural areas?
Local biomass (yes / no)
BioMCN No: Glycerine from biodiesel plants
Domsjö Yes: (70%): Wood from forests
Biowert Yes: Grass and municipal wastes
Nedalco No: Waste from wheat processing, Yes:Straw/wood remains
Chemrec Yes: Wood from forests
BritishSugar Yes: Sugar beet (the UK’s entire crop).
Greenmills No
Cargill/ Cerestar Yes: wheat
depends if plant operator will use biomass from the region or not
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Will biorefinery use
local or importedbiomass ?
• Depends on biorefinery localisation (sea
access or not):
• Example: BioMCN – port of Groningen,
mostly imported feedstock
i.e. cost of transporting 1 tonne of biomass fromVienna to Groningen =
transport costs from Singapore to Groningen
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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• Will biorefineries disadvantage regionalagriculture ?
• Keywords:
monocultures,
reduction of conservation areas
• What needs to be done to ensure that
biomass is produced sustainably ?
Questions?
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Indirect impact
on rural areas.
Effects i.e.
Domsjö Lignosulfonates for feed industry, Soilconditioners
Biowert Protein component – AgriProt BWNatural fertilizer – AgriFer BW
in cases when they manufacture sustainable
resources for agriculture i.e.
Less nitrate in drinking water in rural areas
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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Bioerfineries arepropelling agriculture ?
• Conclusion by Dr. Arend Oetker, President of theStifterverband for German Science*
„Industrial nations are facing a resolution in the fieldsthat will propel agriculture from its current
peripheral existence to the forefront of innovation .….biomass and agricultural products are thusbecoming key pillars of technology for the 21stcentury ”
*Stifterverband is the business community’s innovation agency for the German science system www.stifterverband.de
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Criteria for
environment
• carbon footprint (plant and/or product)
• water use
• handling residues• reuse of co-products >> feedstock or
energy carier• energy efficiency
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sustainable model of raw
materials processing
waste strains as feedstock• Chemrec and Domsjö: spent cooking liquors
from pulping processes
• BioMCN: unwanted glycerine• Greenmills: unwanted waste frying oil
• Nedalco: lignocellulosic waste of wheat, wood &
straw remains
significant cost advantages
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• British Sugar: the Wissington plant
• the leftover sugar from betaine production isfermented to bioethanol,
• CO2 and waste heat is used to grow tomatoes,
• Milk of lime and CO2 are used to make calcium
carbonate or chalk for farming
• a new outlet for surplus sugar beet
sustainable model of raw
materials processing
significant cost advantages
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• More sustainability through ‘nature-based’ processesing
– renewable materials both asfeedstock and processing agents
i.e. Nedalco:
using yeast strains that canconvert xylose from lignocellulosic
waste into bioethanol
Important findings
of the survey
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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sustainable model of raw
materials processing
employing renewable yeast strains insteadof a many stage chemical process for
production of ceramides for cosmetics atEvonik.
significant cost advantages
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• British Sugar: the Wissington plant
• Betaine is separated from the sugar and sold asaquaculture feed.
• Residues sold as high protein animal feed
pellets.
• Lime from purification of sugar is sold to farmers.
sustainable model of raw
materials processing
significant cost advantages
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i.e. by eliminating the need for of pesticides and
usage of natural fertilizers.
The case of Biowert:
• Farmers who supply grass receive NPK bio-
fertilzer in return.
sustainable model of
biomass production
Are other biorefineries following
this pattern ?
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more sustainability through products i.e.
– feed additives that reduce impactsof livestock husbandry on the
environment
– biobased food additives for humansi.e. to be manufactured by Biowert
Important findings
of the survey
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Biorefineries add sustainability tothe economy through
ready to use products that havelower carbon footprint than
their fossil counterparts
Important findings of the survey
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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• Loss of natural habitats ? NO
• People from the region are involved ? NO
• Cause wages’ increase in the region ? NO
• Land use change NO
• Land prices may rise (Chemrec)
Other findings
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Biorefineries are catalyst forinnovation in the regions
(case of Biowert)
Biorefineries strengthen job creationeffects in the industry and especially
R& D area.
Other findings of
the survey
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Biorefineries want to showcase bestpractices (represent forward-looking
thinking)
to increase their chances for deployment
Sometimes not invested optimally becauseof the learning-curve.
Other findings of
the survey
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Biorefineries promote better efficiency
• Chemrec - improved electricity yield /BLGCC system compared to recoveryboilers/ (at full scale unit)
• BioMCN - syngas to methanol made moreeffective
• British Sugar: the Wissington plant is >80%efficient in terms of energy production.
Other findings of
the survey
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Biorefineries promote better efficiency
• BioMCN: tankers delivering the rawglycerine collect a return load of methanol
• Biowert: grass juice fed to the biogas plant
better than slurry and available on site
Other findings of
the survey
lower logistcs costs
8/10/2019 Parallel Session BioreFuture 2009
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Why water use
minimization isimportant ?
• Water scarcity in at least 17 % of Europe• chemicals and petroleum industries – 50% of all
water use by manufacturing industry,
• paper and food processing - the rest
• Improve the efficiency of water use byagriculture !!!
• The Water Framework Directive - 'promotion ofsustainable water use '.
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Sustainable watermanagement
– BioMCN: cooling of power plant by seawater
– Nedalco: Cargill provides water
recycled from its own processes to theNedalco plant.
– After use the process water fromNedalco is fed back to Cargill’s waterrecycling plant
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Impacts on
environment
Cargill/Cerestar:
• before: corn - 3 times per week withship,
• Now: wheat - a lot of lorries daily, butmore cost-effective.
Trade off: economy vs. environment
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• Biorefineries often employ whitebiotechnology because
it is a necessary link between biomass(input) and biomass materials (output).
• White biotechnology means less inresources than traditional processes
Other findings of
the survey
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Why subsidies can
be bad ?
– Biowert: reimbursements if people bought
AgriCell
– product demanded due to the lower price
– People tended to think as inferior product(needs help for market placement)
More effective to supportdemonstrations at trade fairs etc.
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Thank You For Your Attention
BioreFuture 2009, Brussels, 30th March 2009
Adrian Karbowski, IPiEO, Poland
akarbowski@yahoo.com
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