patterson ch08
Post on 13-Feb-2017
75 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 8
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-2
Party Competition and Majority Rule: The History of U.S. Parties
The first partiesFederalistsRepublicansRepublicans transform into Democrats
Andrew Jackson and grassroots partiesDependent upon voter supportDemocrats versus Whigs
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-3
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-4
Party Competition and Majority Rule: The History of U.S. Parties
Republicans versus Democrats: realignments and the enduring party systemEnduring two-party system since Civil War Partisan realignments during crises
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-5
Party Competition and Majority Rule: The History of U.S. Parties
Republicans versus Democrats: realignments and the enduring party systemRealignment: three basic elements
1. Divisive issues—disruption of existing political order2. Election—voters shift support strongly toward one party3. Enduring change in party coalitions to favor dominant
party
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-6
Party Competition and Majority Rule: The History of U.S. Parties
Republicans versus Democrats: realignments and the enduring party systemHistory of realignments:
Civil War—Republicans gain control1896—Republicans solidify control1932—Democrats gain control
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-7
Party Competition and Majority Rule: The History of U.S. Parties
The nature and origins of today’s party alignmentRepublicans
Dominant in SouthControlled presidency twice more than Democrats
since 1968Controlled both houses of Congress a third of the time
since 1968Missteps of Nixon and George W. Bush weakened power
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-8
Party Competition and Majority Rule: The History of U.S. Parties
The nature and origins of today’s party alignmentDemocrats
Dominant in NortheastCivil rights stance caused loss of power in SouthLess dominant party since 1968
Analysts divided on which party will have greater power going forward
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-9
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-10
Party Competition and Majority Rule: The History of U.S. Parties
Parties and the voteStrength of party identificationRarity of true independentsStraight-ticket and split-ticket voting
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-11
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-12
Electoral and Party SystemsPlurality (single-member-district) system of election
Contrast with multiparty system and proportional representation
Encourages two-party systemPolitics and coalitions in the two-party system
Seeking the center: median voter theoremParty coalitions
Broad and overlapping, but far from identicalGender gap
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-13
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-14
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-15
Electoral and Party SystemsMinor (third) parties
Single-issue partiesGreenback Party
Factional partiesBull Moose Party, 1912
Ideological partiesGreen Party, 2000
Reform partiesReform Party, 1992
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-16
Party OrganizationsThe weakening of party organizations
NominationsLoss of party control to candidates
Primary election/direct primaryHinders strong party organizations
Loss of party power over patronage
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-17
Party OrganizationsThe structure and role of party organizations
Local party organizationsWhere 95% of party activists are
State party organizationsCentral committeeChairpersonConcentrate on statewide races
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-18
Party OrganizationsThe structure and role of party organizations
National party organizations Structure of the national parties Run training programs for candidates and their staffs Runs presidential nomination conventions Major role in campaigns is raising and spending of money
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-19
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-20
The Candidate-Centered CampaignCampaign funds: the money chaseOrganization and strategy: political consultants
Campaign strategistsPollstersMedia producersFundraising experts
Packaging: highlight aspects of candidate’s positions and background thought to be attractive to voters
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-21
The Candidate-Centered CampaignVoter contacts: pitched battles
Air warsMain battleground: advertising through media
Ground warsWeb warsIn retrospect: the consequences of the last war
Prospective votingRetrospective voting
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-22
© 2015 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-23
Parties, Candidates, and the Public’s Influence
Stronger relationships between voters and representativesWeaker relationships between voters and representative
institutionsCandidate-centered campaigns add flexibilityCandidate-centered campaigns decrease accountability
top related