peat resources in latvia and eu their role in national economy

Peat resources in Latvia and EUtheir role in national economy

Ingrida Krigere, Chair of Commission Peatlands and Economy International Peatland

Society; Member of the board Latvian Peat association; University of Latvia

2019 International Peat Symposium and 1st China International Peat Expo

Qingdao 18.09.2019

DEVELOPMENTS OF PEATLAND MANAGEMENT

In a global context, peatlands play an important part among all available natural resources, and also are crucial for the conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity.

Sustainable development is characterized by three interrelated dimensions – environmental, economic, and social.

IMPORTANCE OF PEATLANDS AND PEAT USE

PEATLAND AREA BY COUNTRY IN EU %

Epagma data

PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018Place Country

Peatland

area, km2

Total theritory

of Country, km2

Peatlands from

the theritory %

1. Russia 1 390 000 17 100 000 8

2. Canada 1 100 000 9 985 000 11

3. USA 625 000 9 834 000 6

4. Indonesia 207 000 1 905 000 11

5. Finland 89 000 338 145 26

6. Sweden 66 000 447 435 15

7. Norway 28 000 385 178 7

8. Belarussia 24 000 207 600 12

9. United Kingdom 17 500 243 610 7

10. Germany 14 000 357 376 4

11. Poland 12 000 312 679 4

12. Ukraine 10 000 603 628 2

13. Estonia 9 000 45 339 20

14. Latvia 6 782 64 589 10

15. Lithuania 3 500 65 300 5

PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018TOP 3 countries from extraction area in EU 2017, ha

48500

27100

15100

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

Finland Ireland Latvia

PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018TOP 3 EU countries - peat extraction volume milj m3

total volume of peat extraction in the European Union was ~47 000 million m3

17100

11097

4988

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Ireland Finland Latvia

PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT EXTRACTION VOLUME EU 2017

CountryPeat extraction volume

th m³Horticulture th m³ Energy th m³

Ireland 17 100 4 100 13 000

Sweden 3 100 1 700 1 400

Finland 11 097 1 000 9 500

Estonia 3 784 2 648 1 135

Latvia 4 988 4 900 100

Lithuania 2 500 1 788 712

Germany 4 400 4 400 0

IPS

PEAT USE IN EUROPE 2017

55%37%

8%

Energy Growing media Other

IPS

PEAT USE IN EUROPE 2023 ???

20%

72%

8%

Energy Growing media Other

10%

82%

8%

Energy

Growing media

Other

2030

PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT AND HORTICULTURE

Peat is needed for growing media to growvegetables, tree seedlings – forest, ornamentals

Horticulture industry is still depending on peat

No alternative material

OUTCOME OF 1m³ OF PEAT

6 000 treeseedlings3ha forest

1m³peat 6 000 treeseedlings7 000 vegetabe

seedlings16t cucumbers32t thomatos

1m³ peat 7 000

vegetableseedlings

1ha forest in50 years370 t CO₂

PEAT EXTRACTION IN LATVIA (on 01.01.2019)

24 600 ha licenced areas for peat extraction

15 100 ha extraction area

Over a 10-year period, an average of 0.95 million tons of peat is extracted annually

PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT EXTRACTION

Milled

Block

PEAT EXTRACTION - SEASONAL MAY-SEPTEMBER

AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION

NUMBER OF SUNNY DAYS

WIND

TEMPERATURE

LVĢMC, LPA

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

PEAT EXTRACTION IN LATVIA 2010 – 2019 TH.T

PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT EXTRACTION SITES 2018

DEVELOPMENTS OF PEATLAND MANAGEMENT

95% horticulture

4% energy (private households, small heating centrals)

1% other

92% export

PEAT USE

30% of professional

peat in Europe

PEAT EXPORT 2008 -2018, TH.T., MLN.EURO, COUNTRIES

87

89 93 95101

98 103

103

104

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

mln

. euro

th.

t

112

Data: CSP

th.t

PEAT EXPORT 2018 TOP10, th.t/mln EUR

Data: CSP Export to 112 countries

0,00

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

300,00

350,00

400,00

PEAT IMPORT TOP 5 2018, TH.T

Data: CSP

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

Estonia Belarussia Lithuania Russia SweedenTh.t

PEAT EXPORT 2018 TOP10, th.t/mln EURPEAT EXPORT 2014-2018 TOP5 ASIA, th.t

Data: CSP

th.t

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

China South Korea Japan Kuwait Saudi Arabia

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

+35%

PEAT EXTRACTION IN THE BALTICS 2008 -2018, TH.T

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Estonia Latvia Lithuania

PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT EXPORT FORM BALTICS TO CHINA TH T

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Estonia Lithuania Latvia

GHG emissions- We have to reduce GHG emissions and keep industry alive

-we have to work on national factors – to confirm according to IPCC rules (uniform methodology missing, unsufficient data)

- we have to try postpone accounting GHG emission from wetlands from2026 to 2030

-all parties shoul be responsible for CO₂ emissions compensationquestion (peat extractors and growers)

ACTUAL CHALLENGES

PEAT EXPORT 2018 TOP10, th.t/mln EURPOSTPONE ACCOUNTING GHG EMISSION FROM WETLANDS FROM 2026 TO 2030

Regulation (EU) 2018/841 of the European Parlamentand of thecouncil of 30 May 2018On the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals fromland use, land use change and forestry (LULUCEF) in the 2030 climate and energy framework, and amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 and Decision No 529/2013/EU

Article2 Point 4If necessary in light of experience gained with the application of theIPCC Refinement to the IPCC Guidelines, the Commission may make a proposal to postpone the mandatory accounting for managed wetlandfor an additional period of five years.

PEAT EXTRACTION SIDES 2018PEAT IN THE BIG WORLD

China 1 409 517 397 inhabitants

140 000ha glass-houses

EU

513 000 000 inhabitants

70 000ha glass-houses

?

Actions

Horticulture should be involved in the game,

we have to work hand in hand

China can play a significant role in the futureof peat industry

ACTIONS

THANK YOU

ingrida@peat.lvLatvian Peat association

www.peat.lv

INGRIDA KRIGERE