person perception - york university · person perception physical appearance ... gender age...

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Person PerceptionPhysical Appearance

Cognitive Schemas

Social Schemas:

Organized clusters of ideas about categories social events and people.

Stereotypes:

Widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a group

Some common stereotypes:

� Gender

� Age

� Occupational

� Racial

Gender and performance: ability or luck?

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Some common stereotypes:

� Gender

� Age

� Occupational

� Racial

Stereotype Threat(Steele)

� Impact on performance A self-confirming apprehension that can undermine one’s confidence and performance

� (video)

Illusory Correlation

� When people estimate they have encountered more confirmations of an association of social traits than they have actually seen.

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ATTRIBUTION:“EXPLAINING BEHAVIOUR”EVERYDAY PSYCHOLOGY

Internal versus External attributions:� Personal disposition versus situational demands.

(Fritz Heider)

ATTRIBUTION:“EXPLAINING BEHAVIOUR”EVERYDAY PSYCHOLOGY

Internal versus External attributions:

� Kelley’s Covariation Model:

� Consistency

� Distinctiveness

� Consensus

Kelley’s Covariation Theory

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Bias in Attribution

More examples:

� Self-serving Bias

� Discounting

� Augmentation

� Self-referencing

Bias in Attribution

Culture and Attributional Tendencies

� Individualism vs. collectivism

Video: “Attribution of Motives”