personality theory
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Personality Theory
Bell Activity 5/8/2013
Wanted: Sales Manager
Established self-starter Willing to accept
responsibility Ability with creative staffing
solutions Highest quality services Team Player Interpersonal skills College degree required Experience preferred
1.) What type of personality traits are requested in the ad?
2.) Why might these traits be useful for a sales manager?
3.) In your own words define personality
4.) Work on Vocabulary for chapter 14
Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to-
-Describe the purposes of personality theories
-List major schools of Personality Theory
-Explain Freud’s concepts of personality
Purpose of Personality Theory
Provides a way of organizing the characteristics you know about yourself and others.
Personality theorists try to determine whether certain traits go together, why some people have certain traits and not others.
Explain how people conduct their lives, and then how to improve life.
Major Schools of Personality Theory
Psychoanalytic theory (Freud and followers) Behaviorism Social learning theories Cognitive theorists
Sigmund Freud & the Unconscious
First to suggest that the unconscious has a powerful influence over our personality.
“Freudian slips” are not “slips” at all-they conveyed something about our personality
Developed structural concept of the mind to explain how the mind functions: Id, ego, superego.
Sigmund Freud & the Unconscious
Id-contains the instinctual and biological urges. Wants immediate gratification regardless of consequences.
Ego- Mostly conscious, forms during 2nd and 3rd years, rational, tries to meet the demands of the id and superego in socially acceptable ways.
Superego- Moral part, high ideals, source of guilt.
-Id and Superego are in conflict all of the time.
-If the Id is not satisfied the person is angry etc, if the superego is not obeyed the person feels guilt.
Id, Ego and Superego Explained
Id, Ego and Superego You are on an overnight hike
with a group of friends when a rainstorm suddenly hits. Everyone’s food is destroyed in the downpour except one friend who wrapped her food in a plastic stuff sack. As night arrives, you are very hungry. You notice that your friend has wandered away from her backpack. Part of you wants to steal her food-you need it for energy but another part of you says the action is morally wrong. What will you do?
Assignment:
-Read the scenario to the right
-create a cartoon (comic strip style) showing the three-part dialogue between the id, ego and superego as they argue about how to resolve this issue.
-Remember, the id, ego and superego must represent the ideas of Freud’s theory
-You must have at-least 5 “boxes” in your comic strip.
Bell Activity 5/9/2013
Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to-
Apply Freud’s personality theory
List defensive mechanisms Describe behavior theories
1.) List two purposes of studying personality
2.) According to Freud, what is the moral, guilty part of our subconscious?
3.) What differences exist between first-born children and last-born children?
4.) What job do you think would best fit your personality? Explain?
Id, Ego and Superego
Cookie Monster
Explain the roles of the id, ego and superego in the clip
Defense Mechanisms
Read about Freud’s theories of defense mechanisms on page 380-383
Create a Diagram showing the different mechanisms. Be sure to explain each defense mechanism and include an example of each.
Defense Mechanisms
Freud believed the ego subconsciously protected itself against unpleasant circumstances
Include rationalization, repression, denial, projection, reaction formula, regression, displacement, sublimation
Defense Mechanisms
Rationalization: Making up acceptable uses for behaviors to justify our actions
Repression: “Pushing” painful thoughts or memories into our subconscious
Denial: Refusing to accept reality
Defense Mechanisms
Projection: Inner feelings are projected onto other people
Reaction formula: Replacing an unacceptable feeling with an opposite one
Regression: Going back to an earlier pattern of behavior
Defense Mechanisms
Displacement: When you can not take out on the source of your frustrations, you take it out on someone else
Sublimation: Redirecting an unacceptable desire and turning it into a socially acceptable desire
Defense Mechanisms: Assignment
Groups will be assigned one of the defense mechanisms and will need to create a short (2-3 minute) skit to illustrate the mechanism
All group members must be involved in the skit!
Bell Activity 5/10/2013
Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to
-Apply Freud’s defense mechanisms
-Describe the behaviorist, cognitive, humanistic and self theories of personalities.
-Describe differences between siblings
1.) A student has a fight with her boyfriend right before class. When she gets to class, she is upset and is rude and disrespectful to the teacher. Which of Freud’s defense mechanisms is being exhibited here?
2.) Which of Freud’s defensive mechanisms is described as “burying” painful experiences in the subconscious?
3.) What does the quote “to thine own self be true” mean to you?Test on Tuesday;
Vocabulary due on Monday
Before we get started… Get a piece of the colored paper
provided by Mr. P.
Pick your favorite teacher, staff member, administrator at PCHS
Write them a short note telling them how much you appreciate them and their impact on your life.
Fold it and put their name on the outside (so I know who to deliver it to!).
Obviously not a required assignment but your teachers will really appreciate it. TRUST ME!!
Freud Followers; Neo-Freudians…..Other Psychoanalysts
Carl Jung: Believed in collective unconscious which is inherited instincts, urges and memories.
-Also developed idea of archetypes which are common experiences of humanity regarding motherhood, fatherhood, war, nature, etc.
Freud Followers; Neo-Freudians…..Other Psychoanalysts
Alfred Adler: Driving force in people’s life is to overcome feelings of inferiority; inferiority complex (Napolean)
Erich Fromm: People have need to belong Karen Horney: Importance of anxiety in
development of personality Erik Erikson: Importance of socialization
(psychosocial) in personality development
Behavioral Theory
Believe focus should be on observable behavior (not unconscious)B. F. Skinner: Radical BehaviorismFocused on cause of a behavior/ less concerned with understanding behavior but on predicting it and controlling it.
Contingencies of Reinforcement-What conditions are maintaining (rewarding) the behavior?
Behavioral Theory (Continued)
Very popular approach because it is action oriented
Alfred Bandura: Social Learning Theories Personality is acquired by both
reinforcement (Skinner) & observational learning/imitation.
Most effective models are the ones that are most similar and admired by the observer.
Cognitive Theory
Based on analysis of our own mental activity George Kelly: Ignores the unconscious
motives/drives/emotions and instead focuses on our perception of ourselves and our environment.
We get our cues for how to act based on our anticipation or prediction about our world.
Kelly believes we are masters rather than victims of our destiny.
Humanist Psychology
Emphasizes personal growth and achievement of maximum potential
All humans strive for self actualization Lead by Maslow: studies were based on healthy
people with some emotional difficulty but are very productive and enjoy life.
Shared traits of self-actualized individuals:- Perceive reality accurately- Accept themselves- Problem centered vs. self-centered
Self Theory(Also part of Humanism, BTW)
Promoted by Carl Rogers People suffer from conflict between what
they value in themselves and what other people value in them.
“Self”=your image of who you are developed over years of watching how people react to you. “To thine own self be true”
Must be open to all feelings, thoughts and experiences to become fully functioning
SiblingsRead the article and answer the questions
According to studies, what are the personality differences of first-born, middle-born and last-born children?
Do you agree with the findings of the research? Explain.
How should parents deal with these different personalities.
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