pests & pesticides

Pests & PesticidesPests & Pesticides

ES 302 - Ch 3 ES 302 - Ch 3

Please take out your study guidePlease take out your study guide

GMOs can help us use LESS pesticide…

……or sometimes MORE!or sometimes MORE!

The Pesticide The Pesticide Treadmill:Treadmill:

What’s a What’s a pestpest?? Organisms that occur Organisms that occur wherewhere & & when when

they’re not wanted they’re not wanted Injures humans/animals/crops/structuresInjures humans/animals/crops/structures Competes for food/waterCompetes for food/water Spreads diseaseSpreads disease

NOT all pests are insects!NOT all pests are insects! 7/8 insects are NOT pests7/8 insects are NOT pests

Write one observation for each pest explored!Write one observation for each pest explored!

PesticidesPesticides

Any substance/mixture/device to prevent, Any substance/mixture/device to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pestdestroy, repel or mitigate any pest

““plant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Lawplant regulator, defoliant, dessicant” – US Law

Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, Avicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicidesnematicides, herbicides

Designed to Kill – which are pesticides?Designed to Kill – which are pesticides? Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in Rat poison, black light trap, chlorine in

your pool, pheromonesyour pool, pheromones

Types of PesticidesTypes of Pesticides Chemical PesticidesChemical Pesticides

FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, FYI: Organophosphates, carbamates, organochloridesorganochlorides

BiopesticidesBiopesticides FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants FYI: microbial (Bt), plant-incorporated protectants

(transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, (transgenics), biochemical (pheromones)’, predatory insects (ladybugs)predatory insects (ladybugs)

Pest control devicesPest control devices FYI: traps, sticky paper, black lightFYI: traps, sticky paper, black light

Pros & Cons of Pros & Cons of Chemical PesticidesChemical Pesticides

Pros & Cons - ChemicalPros & Cons - Chemical

ProsPros Preserve crops Preserve crops

During growthDuring growth

During storageDuring storage

Improves cropsImproves crops Quality of cropsQuality of crops

Quantity of cropsQuantity of crops

Prevents diseasePrevents disease

ConsCons Might kill other organisms Might kill other organisms

(7/8 insects are not (7/8 insects are not pests; some beneficial)pests; some beneficial) ““broad-spectrum” vs. broad-spectrum” vs.

selectiveselective

Superbugs

Some are persistent Some are persistent

Can be toxic Can be toxic

Developing Resistance

See Fig. on pg. 253 in book – what’s wrong with the book’s explanation?

PersistencePersistence

Why is it good? Why is it good? Why is it bad?Why is it bad? How does it happen?How does it happen?

Carried by wind and water, remains in soilEasily dissolve in fat,

stored

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Lr1pCEcNU

Biomagnification/BioaccumulationBiomagnification/Bioaccumulation

Concentration Concentration of pesticide of pesticide increases as increases as you move up you move up the food chainthe food chain

How does this How does this relate to the relate to the Rule of 10%?Rule of 10%?

http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/stories/the_age_of_ambivalence/02.ST.06/?scene=2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxqDaTUh08o - - animationanimation

Pesticides and ADHD

http://articles.cnn.com/2010-05-17/health/pesticides.adhd_1_pesticide-exposure-organophosphates-fruits-and-vegetables/2?_s=PM:HEALTHhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/Gabby+Jhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC6FcurW40g – today show

Correlation vs. causationCorrelation vs. causation

DDTDDT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UiCSvQvVys– DDT (5:45)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Lr1pCEcNU – chlordane persistent (1:44)– sprayed on children (0:31)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Y-6hm7zpps – Rachel Carson (0:36)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2EtxYxEKww- spraying on people

dichlor-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane

Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide

Persistence and Biomagnification

Banned in 1972, but still found in 96% of samples

Used extensively in WWII

Thin eagle shells

Alternatives to chemicalsAlternatives to chemicals

Biological PesticidesBiological Pesticides

AndAnd

Changing Farming PracticesChanging Farming Practices

Pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungus Pathogens - bacteria, protozoa, fungus

Chemicals from plants Chemicals from plants

Release predatory organismsRelease predatory organisms

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs

Prevent Breeding / Birth Control Prevent Breeding / Birth Control

Plant companion cropsPlant companion crops

Crop RotationCrop Rotation

IPMIPM

Integrated Pest ManagementIntegrated Pest Management “…“…the coordinated use of pest and the coordinated use of pest and

environmental information with available environmental information with available pest control methods to prevent pest control methods to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means and with the least most economical means and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.” - EPAthe environment.” - EPA

AKA: common senseAKA: common sense

Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management includes...includes...

1.1. Biological pest controlBiological pest control

2.2. Mix of farming practicesMix of farming practices

3.3. Chemical pesticidesChemical pesticides

If IPM is common sense, why doesn’t If IPM is common sense, why doesn’t everyone use it?everyone use it?

Steps of IPMSteps of IPM

1.1. INSPECT AND INVESTIGATE INSPECT AND INVESTIGATE

2.2. IDENTIFY AND LEARNIDENTIFY AND LEARN

3.3. MONITORMONITOR

4.4. IS IT WORTH IT? IS IT WORTH IT?

5.5. CHOOSE CONTROL METHODSCHOOSE CONTROL METHODS

6.6. EVALUATEEVALUATE

Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Kristen+Jhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Kristen+J http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sean+Bowershttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sean+Bowers

SuperbugsSuperbugs http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Ben+Hhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Ben+H http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Evan+Shttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Evan+S

ADHD, allergiesADHD, allergies http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Lefevrehttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Lefevre http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sue+Munhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+Sue+Mun http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Sara+Thttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+Sara+T

BiopesticidesBiopesticides http://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+doug+bhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/t%26t+doug+b http://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+JustinRhttp://lochland.wikispaces.com/T%26T+JustinR