phase noise measurement and pulse stability measurement...absolute measurement with spectrum...
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Frédéric Molina19.03.2018
Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Agenda
ı Part 1 : Phase Noise measurement
ı Part 2 : Pulse stability measurement
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DUT
Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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What is Noise?Phase and Amplitude Noise
ı Ideal Signal (Noiseless)
V(t) = A . sin(2t)
A = nominal amplitude = nominal frequency
3
t
FFT
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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What is Noise?Phase and Amplitude Noise
ı Real Signal
V(t) = [A + E(t)] . sin(2t + t)
E(t) = amplitude fluctuationst = phase fluctuations
4
t
)]1([)___
_1_____log(10)(0
HzdBcPPowerFrequencyCarrier
PHztorelatedPowerSidebandSinglefL SSBm
FFT
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement MethodsPhase Detector
5
DUT
Reference Source
PDLPF
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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FSWP : Digital Phase DemodulatorInternal structure
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ı PM signal has phase wraps at ±π. No filtering or FFT possibleı FM demodulator preferred to digital PLL due to its simplicity
Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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• Simultaneous measurement of AM Noise and Phase Noise with Total Noise
Phase Noise
AM Noise
FSWP
Total Noise (PN+AM)
AM Noise, Phase Noise, and Total Noise
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Special / Complex Measurement Setups1. Pulsed Phase Noise
ı Like a Spectrum Analyser phase noise measurement
ı Automatic PRI detection
ı What about Pulse Desensitisation? Improved dynamic due to… Gating on Pulse Cross Correlation
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DUT
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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1/PW = 100kHz
A * 20 log(/T)(pulse desensitization)
PRF Lines
• PRF filter is narrow to pass center line and attenuate all other PRF lines• Center line is lower than pulse level due to pulse desensitization: 20*log(duty cycle)
PW ()10us
PRI (T)100us
Level (A)10dBm
Time
1/PRI = PRF = 10kHz
Pulsed Phase Noise – Pulse Spectrum
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Pulsed Phase Noise
Pulsed
~6dB
CW
• Max offset limited to PRF/2 for pulsed signals due to PRF lines• Pulsed phase noise ~6dB higher at PRF/2 due to coherent combining
0.5/PRI = 5kHz1/PRI = PRF = 10kHz
19/03/2018 10Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Pulsed Phase Noise Measurement
Max offset automatically limited to PRF/2 (5kHz)
• Measurement truncated to max offset of PRF/2• Measurement time same as for CW
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Pulsed vs CW Phase Noise Measurement
Pulsed measurements same as CW for offsets << PRF/2
Pulsed measurement higher than CW at PRF/2
<< PRF/2PRF/2
CW
Pulsed
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R&S FSWP – FSWP-K4… and Show Everything on one Sight
l Phase Noisel AM Noisel Pulse in Time
Domainl Pulse in
FrequencyDomain
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Additive Phase Noise – Digital Phase DemodulatorMeasurement Setup
DUT
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Additive Phase Noise – Digital Phase Demodulator• Internal hardware automatically reconfigures when “Additive” is selected• No phase detector or need for quadrature – no phase shifter• Greatly simplifies measurement setup and calibration• Internal Low Noise Synthesizer as DUT stimulus
FSWP Signal Source AnalyzerLow Noise Synthesizer
DUT
LPF
LPF
Digitizers+ FPGA
LNA
LNA
LPF
LPF LNA
LNA
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Additive Phase Noise – Digital Phase Demodulator• Internal Low Noise Synthesizer as DUT stimulus
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Agenda
ı Part 1 : Phase Noise measurement
ı Part 2 : Pulse stability measurement
19/03/2018 17Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Option K6 : Pulse measurement
ı The K6 Pulse Measurement Application is available on Running on directly on signal analyzers (FSW, FSWP, FPS) Running on PC (VSE) connected to analyzers and scopes
19/03/2018 18Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement Process
19/03/2018 19Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement Process
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Measurement ProcessData Acquisitionl Segmented capture
l Capture more pulses, less noisel Support in HW for same timing accuracy as “normal” capture
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Measurement Process
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Measurement Process
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Measurement ProcessEnvelope Parameters
Ampl
itude
(% o
f Pul
se T
op)
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Measurement Process
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Measurement ProcessResult Display
ı Trend Plots column of table Visual recognition of „trends“ Multiple trends with different
parameters X-axis can be Timestamp or
Pulse Number
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Measurement ProcessResult Display
ı Trend as “spectrum” Plots FFT of column of table Visual recognition of
periodicities Multiple plots with different
parameters
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Measurement ProcessResult Display
ı Distribution Plots histogram of table column Visual recognition of „states“ Multiple distributions with different
parameters Y-axis can be Pulse Count or
Occurrence
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Measurement ProcessResult Displayı Linked markers – inter-pulse and intra-pulse
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K60 : Transient Analysis (Hop)
ı Automated measurement per hop Power measurements Frequency/phase Settling time Hop-hop changes
ı Statistics Numerical Trend Histogram
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K60 : Transient Analysis (Chirp)
ı Automated measurement per chirp Power measurements Frequency/phase Modulation linearity
ı Statistics Numerical Trend Histogram
19/03/2018 31Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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FSWP-K6P : Pulse stability measurement
ı Variability over time with respect to a reference value
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scusi @ 123RF.com scusi @ 123RF.com scusi @ 123RF.com
Time
Reference
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Stability – Pulsed Radar
ı Variability over time with respect to a reference value
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Time
Reference
60 dB
0.01 dB
RF Power
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Stability – Pulsed Radar
ı Variability over time with respect to a reference value
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Time
RF Power
Reference
3 GHz
0.001 rad
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Stability – Pulsed Radar
ı In radar, moving targets cause “variability over time” in the radar return To discern a target, the transmit/receive hardware needs to be stable
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Measurement – Metrics
Standard deviation, normalized to the average power
Relative to average power,-60 dBc: average power deviation over all pulses is 60 dB smaller than average power level
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Pulse (n)
Pulse (n)
10 · log dBc
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Measurement – Metrics
Pulse-to-pulse deviation, normalized to the average power
Relative to average power,-60 dBc: average power deviation pulses-to-pulse is 60 dB smaller than average power level
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Pulse (n)
Pulse (n)
10 · log dBc
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement – Metrics
Standard deviation
Relative to 1 radian,-60 dBc means RMS phase deviation over all pulses equals of 1 milli-radian (0.001rad)
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Pulse (n)
Pulse (n)
10 · log dBc
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement – Metrics
Pulse-to-pulse deviation
Relative to 1 radian,-60 dBc means RMS phase deviation pulse-to-pulse equals of 1 milli-radian (0.001rad)
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Pulse (n)
Pulse (n)
10 · log dBc
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement
ı We differentiate between two kinds of measurement:
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DUT Analyzer DUT Analyzer
“Absolute” “Additive”
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
DUT
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Absolute measurement with Spectrum digitizerı In FSWP for “absolute” measurements,we have two digitizers: Spectrum digitizer (digital I/Q)
Phase Noise digitizer (2x analog I/Q)
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DUT Analyzer
“Absolute”ATTENRF In
RefChan. 1
SynthChan. 1
LO 1
fADC
LO 1
fADC
PCFPGA
7680 MHz
1280 MHz
ATTEN ADC 0° 90° NCO
9 GHz
LO 1
< 8 GHz
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
ATTENRF In
0° 90°
0° 90°
ADC1,I
ADC1,Q
ADC2,I
ADC2,Q
I1
Q1
I2
Q2
RefChan. 1
SynthChan. 1
LO 1
LO 2
fADC1
fADC1
fADC2
fADC2
LO 1
fADC1
PCFPGA
RefChan. 2
SynthChan. 2
LO 2
fADC2 DUT
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Additive measurement with Phase Noise digitizer
ı In FSWP for “additive” measurements, only thePhase Noise digitizer (2nd analog I/Q mixer) is used
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DUT Analyzer
“Additive”
LO 2Pulse Switch
ATTENRF Out
ATTENRF In
0° 90°
ADC2,I
ADC2,Q
I2
Q2
LO 2 fADC2
fADC2
PCFPGARef
Chan. 2
SynthChan. 2
fADC2
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement – Performance[test measurements: DUT bypass]ı Initial performance results for 3 GHz vs digitizer Pulse width: 5 us
WB for “wideband” SA path, “PN (Abs|Add)” for phase noise path (Absolute | Additive)
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-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
3 GHz Amplitude Stability, T: 10us
WB PN (Abs) PN (Add)
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
3 GHz Phase Stability, T: 10us
WB PN (Abs) PN (Add)
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement – Performance[test measurements: DUT bypass]ı Performance summary phase stability (median on pulse), 10 MHz I/Q bandwidth Pulse width: 5 us
WB for “wideband” SA path, “PN” for phase noise path (Absolute), , “PN+” for phase noise path (Additive)
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Interval 10 us 100 us 1 ms 10 msDigitizer WB PN PN+ WB PN PN+ WB PN PN+ WB PN PN+
3 GHz ‐67.4 ‐74.3 ‐81.6 ‐67.2 ‐73.9 ‐81.6 ‐63.4 ‐64.0 ‐81.5 ‐49.4 ‐47.8 ‐81.2
10 GHz ‐65.0 ‐64.5 ‐75.0 ‐64.5 ‐64.1 ‐74.9 ‐54.1 ‐55.1 ‐74.8 ‐37.6 ‐40.3 ‐74.7
18 GHz ‐60.6 ‐63.7 ‐74.2 ‐60.0 ‐62.6 ‐74.1 ‐49.9 ‐50.0 ‐73.8 ‐33.9 ‐34.2 ‐69.5
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement – Performance[test measurements: DUT bypass]ı Performance summary amplitude stability (median on pulse), 10 MHz I/Q bandwidth Pulse width: 5 us
WB for “wideband” SA path, “PN” for phase noise path (Absolute), , “PN+” for phase noise path (Additive)
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Interval 10 us 100 us 1 ms 10 msDigitizer WB PN PN+ WB PN PN+ WB PN PN+ WB PN PN+
3 GHz ‐71.1 ‐84.7 ‐85.3 ‐70.8 ‐84.6 ‐85.1 ‐71.1 ‐84.4 ‐84.9 ‐71.0 ‐84.1 ‐84.5
10 GHz ‐68.4 ‐75.6 ‐78.2 ‐68.3 ‐75.5 ‐77.9 ‐68.3 ‐75.4 ‐77.7 ‐68.3 ‐75.2 ‐76.8
18 GHz ‐64.6 ‐72.1 ‐75.1 ‐64.6 ‐72.0 ‐75.0 ‐64.5 ‐71.9 ‐74.9 ‐64.4 ‐71.3 ‐74.0
19/03/2018Phase Noise measurementand Pulse stability measurement
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Measurement Application
ı The FSWP-K6P Pulse Stability Measurements extends the K6 application on FSWP
ı Multi-burst analysis Groups pulses in “bursts”
ı Burst averaging Focus on in-burst stability Control averaging range Compare positions in burst
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