phil 132-introduction to logic-shabbir ahsen

Lahore University of Management Sciences

PHIL132IntroductiontoLogicSummer2015

Instructor M.ShabbirAhsenRoomNo. 215OfficeHours Email sahsen@lums.edu.pkTelephone 35608054Secretary/TA TAOfficeHours CourseURL(ifany)

CourseBasicsCreditHours 4Lecture(s) NbrofLec(s)Per

Week2 Duration 100Minutesx2

Recitation/Lab(perweek)

NbrofLec(s)PerWeek

Duration

Tutorial(perweek) NbrofLec(s)PerWeek

Duration

CourseDistributionCore Elective ElectiveOpenforStudentCategory

PreferencebegiventoFreshmanandSophomoreCloseforStudentCategory

ThosewhohavedonePhil130COURSEDESCRIPTIONThe coursehasbeendesigned to introduce to the students themethodsand techniquesused toevaluatearguments. Itassumesnopriorknowledgeofeitherphilosophyormathematicsasitisanintroductorylevelcoursethatcoversthemainareasof logic,which includesbothClassicalandModernLogicalongwith Induction,ScientificReasoningandModalLogic.ThecoursebeginsbyintroducingthebasicconceptsusedinlogicbeforeexploringthedomainofAristotelianlogic.WethenmovetoModernDeductive.HerePropositionalCalculusandPredicateCalculusareintroducedalongwithdifferentmethodsfordetermining the validityof arguments (and generating counter examples). Induction and ScientificReasoningwillbeintroducedafterPredicateLogic.Modalconceptsaretreatedtowardstheendofthecourse.COURSEPREREQUISITE(S)

None

Lahore University of Management Sciences

COURSEOBJECTIVES

Tofamiliarizestudentswiththeconcepts,methodsandtechniquesemployedinlogic.TohelpstudentssharpentheirreasoningtalentsbyequippingthemwiththeskillstoassesargumentsToincreasetheircapacitytoformulatesoundandcogentarguments.

LearningOutcomes

Therecognitionthatreasoncanbeappliedineveryaspectofhumanaffair.[Copi]Toenablestudentstounderstandandcriticallyanalyzetextsandarguments.Enhancingproblemsolvingskills.

GradingBreakupandPolicyAssignment(s):HomeWork:Nongraded.Quiz(s):30%ClassParticipation:Attendance:5%MidtermExamination:30%Project:FinalExamination:35%ExaminationDetail

MidtermExam

Yes/No:YesCombineSeparate:CombineDuration:100MinutesPreferredDate:ExamSpecifications:

FinalExam

Yes/No:YesCombineSeparate:CombineDuration:100MinutesExamSpecifications:Closedbooks,closednotes.Helpsheetwillbeprovided.

COURSEOVERVIEW

Week/Lecture/Module

Topics RecommendedReadingsObjectives/Application

Week1Introduction:BasicConceptsRecognizingArgumentsDiagrammingarguments

Chapter1.BasicConceptsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic(Page131,5970)

IntroductionBasicConcepts

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Week2

DeductionandInductionTruth,ValidityandSoundnessCounterexampleProblemSolving

Chapter1.BasicConceptsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic(Page3159)

Introductioncontinued

Week3

ClassicalDeductiveLogic:ThelogicoftermsCategoricalPropositionImmediateInferences SquareofOppositionObversion,ConversionContrapositionCategoricalSyllogism:MoodandFigure

Chapter3.CategoricalPropositionsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page188240)

AnalyzingargumentsinvolvingsinglepremiseRelationshipsamongstandardformcategoricalpropositions

Week4

CategoricalSyllogism:ValiditywiththehelpofVennDiagramValiditywiththehelpofRulesandFallaciesWeakSyllogismsandexistentialimport

Chapter5.CategoricalSyllogismsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page240275)

AnalyzingargumentsinvolvingtwopremisesIntroducingdifferentmethodsforevaluatingsyllogisticreasoning.Spottingerrorsinsyllogisticreasoning.

Week5

TranslationofOrdinarylanguagepropositionsintostandardcategoricalFormCategoricalSyllogisminordinarylanguageEnthymemesSorites

Chapter5.CategoricalSyllogismsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page275285)

AnalyzingArgumentsinordinarylanguageReducingordinarylanguageargumentstostandardformsyllogism/heapsofsyllogism

Week6

DisjunctiveSyllogism(BothExclusiveandinclusive)HypotheticalSyllogism:ModusPonens,ModusTollensandPureHSDilemmaReductioadAbsurdum

Chapter6.PropositionalLogicinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page287328)DilemmafromCopis

Introducingandanalyzingtypicalargumentformsusedineverydaylifeandinspecializedareasofinquiry.Spottingerrorsinreasoning

Week7

ModernDeductiveLogic:TheLogicofPropositionsPropositionalCalculus:SyntaxandSemanticsLogicalConnectives:Negation,Conjunction,Disjunction,Conditional,&BiconditionalTruthTable:Truthvalueofmolecularproposition,Equivalence,ContradictionandTautologies,Validity

Chapter7.NaturalDeductioninPropositionalLogicinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page348403)

Enhancingreasoningabilitybyintroducingsymboliclogic,truthtabletechnique.

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Week8

ShorterTruthTable:ValidityandCounterexampleOtherMethods:TruthTreeanditsapplicationsFormalDeductionandvalidity

Chapter7.NaturalDeductioninPropositionalLogicinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page348403)TruthTreefromJefferysFormalLogic

Introducingdifferentmethodstoevaluatearguments.

Week9PredicateLogic:QuantifiersTranslationofordinarylanguagepropositionintoPredicateLogicValidityCounterexample

Chapter8.PredicateLogicinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page348403)

IntroducingQuantifiers

Week10

PredicateLogic:ValiditywithTruthtreesValiditywithFormalDeductionIdentity

RelationsandIdentity.

Week11

Induction:InductiveGeneralizationandFallaciesofGeneralizationInductiveAnalogyCausalityandMillsMethods

Chapter11and12inIntroductiontoLogic(482515,519547)

Inductionandcausality

Week12

StatisticalReasoningexplanation:Scientificandunscientific*ThePatternofScientificInquiryEvaluationofHypotheses

Chapter13inIntroductiontoLogic13thedition(559577)Chapter4UsingStatisticalReasoninginTheLogicCourse

LogicofexplanationScientificMethod

Week13

ModalLogic Chapter12inThePowerofLogic,2000(588603)

Introducingmodalconceptsandtheirapplicationsinlogic

Week14

ModalLogicReviewbeforefinalexam

Textbook(s)/SupplementaryReadingsHurley,Patrick AConciseIntroductiontoLogic,AConciseIntroductiontoLogic,BelmontCA,Wadsworth8th

Edition,2003.11thedition,2012.Copi,Irving IntroductiontoLogic,NewYork,MacmillanCo.9thEdition,1998.14thedition2010[13thedition2009(Pakistanireprint)isavailableinthemarket]DeHaven,StevanTheLogicCourse,Ontario,BroadviewPress,FirstPublishedin1995.Layman,StephanThePowerofLogic,MountainviewCA,MayfieldPublishingCo,2000,and2002.