physical geography of the southwest asia
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Physical Geography of the Southwest Asia
Chapter 21, Sections 1-2
Objectives
Identify and examine different features of the Southwest Asia’s and North Africa’s physical geography.
Explain the different types of climates and vegetations.
Describe the region’s key resources.
The Middle What?
Why do we refer to Southwest Asia as “The Middle East?”
Southwestern Asian Countries and Capitals
Afghanistan: Kabul Bahrain: Manama Cyprus: Nicosia Iran: Tehran Iraq: Baghdad Israel: Jerusalem Jordan: Amman Kuwait: Kuwait City Lebanon: Beirut Oman: Muscat Qatar: Doha Saudi Arabia: Riyadh Syria: Damascus Turkey: Ankara United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi Yemen: Sanaa
http://www.list.org/~mdoyle/Middle_East_pol97.jpg
Southwest Asia Subregions
How many cultural sub regions are there? Three
Arabian Peninsula Eastern Mediterranean Northeast
Cultural Subregions Overview
Arabian Peninsula Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates,
Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Yemen, Bahrain
Cultural Subregions Overview
Eastern Mediterranean Cyprus, Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Jordan
Cultural Subregions Overview
Northeast Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan
The Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula
What three continents surround the Arabian Peninsula? Europe, Asia, and Africa How might this location be beneficial to the area?
Opportunities for trade and exchange of culture and religion.
Surrounded by Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Arabian Sea Suez Canal
Opens to Mediterranean Sea Gulf of Suez Gulf of Aqaba
Strait of Hormuz Only way to oil fields in
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/arabian.htm
Mountains
Hejaz and Asir Mountains Mainly in southwestern corner
With your one/two partner,
discuss the types of
vegetation that would be
found in each climate region of the Arabian
Peninsula.
You have 2 minutes.
The Arabian Peninsula
Climate Desert
Rub al-Khali An-Nafud
Semiarid What type of vegetation do these regions have?
Desert shrub, grasses Predominately covered by plains
Low ridges, hills, and wadis
The Eastern Mediterranean
MAKE SURE
THESE ARE ON
YOUR MAP!!
Physical Features:Plateau
Golan Heights (Al Jawlan): a hilly plateau over looking Jordan River and Sea of Galilee Strategic location has made it a site of
many conflicts
Physical Features: Bodies of Water Jordan River: Flows from the mountains of
Lebanon near Mt. Hermon to the Dead Sea Provides water
Why is this valuable? Water is scarce.
Dead Sea: Landlocked salt lake Located between Jordan and Israel Only bacteria can live in water So salty, one will float Lowest place of exposed crust on earth
1,349 below sea level Dead Sea Video
Quick Check
Which of these is Israel?
A
B
C
DB
With your one/two partner,
discuss the types of
vegetation that would be
found in each climate region of the Eastern Mediterranean.
You have 2 minutes.
Activity
Get out a sheet of paper. Write TRUE on one side of the paper, and write
FALSE on the other side. WRITE BIG!! The following slides will contain statements. If you think they are true, show the TRUE side of
your paper. If you think they false, show the false side. Do not look on anyone else's paper. If you do,
you will be asked to sit down. If you answer incorrectly, please sit down. The last person standing will receive a gold star.
#1
The West Bank and the Gaza Strip are located in Israel. True
#2
The three regions of Southwestern Asia are: the Northwest, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Western Mediterranean. False: Northeast, Arabian Peninsula,
Eastern Mediterranean
#3
Southwestern Asia is bordered by Asia, Africa, and Europe. True
#4
The Adriatic Sea is at the tip of the Arabian Peninsula. False – It is the Arabian Sea.
#5
The Strait of Hormuz leads to the Mediterranean Sea. False – The Suez Canal leads to the
Mediterranean Sea.
#6
The Red Sea has a very high Salt content. False: Dead Sea
#7
Asia is the largest continent. True
#8
The main climate region in Southwest Asia is semiarid. False – It is desert.
#9
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Iran, Yemen are all located on the Arabian Peninsula. False: Oman is. Iran is not
#10
A wadis is a rapidly flowing river. False: It is a riverbed that remains dry
except during heavy raining seasons.
#11
The Jordan River is located in Jordan. True
#12
An oasis is an area in the desert where vegetation is found because water is available, usually from an underground spring. True
#13
The Rub al-Khali is the most famous desert on the Arabian Peninsula. True
#14
The Zagros Mountains are located in Iran. True
#15
Ukraine is in Southwestern Asia. False: It is a part of Russia and the
Republics.
#16
The capital of Saudi Arabia is Baghdad. False: It is Riyadh.
#17
Syria is an island. False: Cyprus is an island.
#18
The Hindu Kush Mountains are located in Afghanistan. True
#19
The capital of the United Arab Emirates is Abu Dhabi. True
#20
Turkey is located on the Arabian Peninsula. False: It is located on the Anatolian
Peninsula.
#21
There are 16 countries in Southwestern Asia. True
#22
The Dead Sea is located between Jordan and Israel. True
#23
The largest climate region in Southwest Asia is desert. True
#24
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are in the Northeast region. True: They also run through the
Eastern Mediterranean.
#25
Saudi Arabia is in the Northeast region. False – It is on the Arabian Peninsula.
The Northeast
Physical Features
Mountains Zagros: Southwestern Iran
Isolate from the rest of Southwest Asia Elburz: Northwestern Iran
Cut off Iran’s access to the Caspian Sea Hindu Kush: Northeastern Afghanistan
Afghanistan is basically landlocked by mountains Plains, plateaus, and foothills
Heart of Iran is a plateau surrounded by mountains (desert)
Foothills around plateau produce crops Northern Plain of Afghanistan is also a fertile
agriculture area
Physical Features:Mountains
Taurus Mountains: located in southern Turkey Cut off from the rest of Southwest Asia
Pontiac Mountains: located in northern Turkey
Water is more plentiful in mountainous regions of Southwest Asia.
Physical Features
Rivers Tigris River and Euphrates River: flow
through Turkey, Syria, and Iraq Support Fertile Crescent: Fertile, well
watered, and good for agriculture Home of many ancient river valley
civilizations (Mesopotamia) Run parallel to each other, eventually
emptying into Persian Gulf
Physical Features:Peninsulas
Anatolian Peninsula: occupies Turkey and marks where the Asian continent begins Between the Black Sea and the
Mediterranean Sea Bosporus Strait and Dardanelles Strait
West of the peninsula Desirable for trade to Russia and interior
of Asia
Resources
Natural gas Crude Oil Water
With your one/two partners,
discuss the types of
vegetation that would be
found in each climate region
of the Northeast.
You have 2 minutes.
Physical Geography of North Africa
Chapter 18, Sections 1 and 2
North Africa Countries and Capitals
Western Sahara (Morocco) Morocco: Rabat Algeria: Algiers Tunisia: Tunis Libya: Tripoli Egypt: Cairo
Nile River
World’s longest river Flows more than 4,000 miles from Uganda to Sudan and
into Egypt Nile Delta=VERY fertile!
Home to one of the world’s earliest civilizations More than 95% of Egyptians depend on it for water
90% live on 3% of land Average population density: 3,320 people per square mile
Average population density for Egypt is 177 people per square mile
Aswan High Dam Help reduce flooding Create alluvial soil: rich soil made up of sand and mud
deposited by moving water.
Climate Map
Look at the climate map on page 421 in your book.
With your one/two partners, discuss the types of vegetation that would be found in each climate region of North Africa. You have 2 minutes.
Quick Checks
What are two mountain ranges discussed in class? Hindu Kush, Zagros, Elburz, Pontiac, Hejaz,
Taurus, etc. What countries make up the Northeast?
Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan What is the Fertile Crescent?
Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Southwest Asia
Chapter 21, Section 3
Map Activity
Identify the main geographic features that might affect population density and settlement patterns..
Examine the shared climates and vegetation and the impact they might have on settlement patterns and population density.
Objectives
Examine how water resources are used in Southwest Asia.
Describe the formation, production, and movement of oil in Southwest Asia.
Water – A Critical Resource Besides oil, what is the critical resource in
Southwest Asia? Water! Why?
Because it is scarce What types of water systems have been used
throughout history to provide water? Drip Irrigation – placing water just at the root Qanat System – collects water from the mountains Irrigation Canals Noria – waterwheel run by the flow of water or by
animal power Do these work everywhere?
Nope.
Turkey Series of dams & a man-made lake on the upper
Euphrates Why is this project controversial?
People below dam aren’t getting water Israel
National Water Carrier project Carries water from northern Israel to the
center and south Why is there conflict about it?
Taking away water from some and giving to others
What Are We Doing?
Solutions
What are some other solutions?1. Using drip irrigation2. Using ocean water. What has to be done
to it first? Desalinization
3. Treating wastewater4. Pumping water from underground
aquifers. What is this water called? Fossil water
Striking it Rich!How was oil formed? Page 497What is seismology?
Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the earth.
Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs.
A seismologist is a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves.
Knowing the information above, how would seismology be useful in finding oil?
Seismology (continued)
“In a seismological survey a shock wave is aimed at the surface of the water or land and the length of time it takes for the waves to reflect back to the sensor is recorded. The speed of the shock wave depends on the type of rock it travels through, and by comparing the travel times to known densities of rock, seismologists can determine what rocks are underground and predict if they might contain oil. Although this technology is superior to other oil detection methods based solely on examining surface rock features, it has only a 10% success rate of finding new oil sites.”
Everyone needs oil!
Why does everyone need oil? Petroleum that has not been
processed is called… Crude oil: It must be sent to a refinery.
What is crude oil converted to at a refinery?
How Stuff Works
Transporting Oil
Crude oil is pumped from the ground and sent to a refinery to be processed.
Why is it dangerous to transport oil? Oil spills
Largest: January 1991 during the Persian Gulf War
Oil Reserves in the World
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