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Planning Guide

Desktop Virtualisation

September 2011

Four Key Steps to Planning a Desktop Virtualisation Implementation

Whyyoushouldreadthisdocument:

ThisguideprovidespracticalinformationfordesktopvirtualisationplanningbasedonIntel’sexperienceandbestpractices.

• Categoriseusersbasedonacomprehensivelistofusageneedsandscenarios.

• Evaluatethefiveprimarydeliverymodelsagainstyourcurrentbusinessrequirements.

• Analysetotalcostofownershipbasedonsevenfactors,fromhardwareandsoftwaretousability.

• Assesscurrentsoftwarevendorstofindtherightsolutionforyourbusiness.

Planning Guide

Desktop VirtualisationFour steps to planning a desktop virtualisation implementation in your organisation September 2011

Intel IT Centre Planning Guide | Desktop Virtualisation 2

3 Desktop Virtualisation: What It Is (and What It Isn’t)

5 Step1:DefineUserSegments andUsageScenarios

7 Step2:EvaluatetheFivePrimary DeliveryModels

•TerminalServices

• Virtual Hosted Desktops

•OperatingSystemImageStreaming

•ApplicationStreamingandVirtualisation

• Client-Side Virtual Container

13 Step3:AnalyseTotalCostofOwnership

17 Step4:ChoosetheRightSoftwareVendor

18 IntelResourcesforLearningMore

Contents

Desktop Virtualisation: What It Is (and What It Isn’t)Maybeyoustartedthinkingseriouslyaboutdesktopvirtualisationonlyrecently,whentheheadofsalesbroughtinhisnewtabletdeviceanddemandedthatitbehookeduptothenetwork—andtwodozenmoresalespeoplequicklyfollowedsuit.Ormaybeyou’vebeenthinkingaboutitforseveralyears,sinceyourITdepartmentalsobeganlookingatservervirtualisation.

Desktop Virtualisation Is…

• Technologythatallowsmulti-clientenvironmentstobe controlledandmanagedfromacentralpoint.

• Acollectionoftechniques—includingstreaming,remoting,virtualising,andlayering.Desktopvirtualisationsoftwaresolutionsapplysomeorallofthesetechniquestofulldesktopimagesortoapplications.TheresultingentitiesareadministeredandmanagedbyITthroughcentralisedmanagementconsoles.

• Awaytobalancetheneedsofemployeeswhowanttousethedevicesthathelpthemperformattheirbest,andtheITdepartment’sneedstomaintainsecurity,retainmanagementcontrol,andcontaincosts.

• TechnologythatcanhelpyourITdepartmentbebetter preparedforwhatthefuturebrings—forexample,puttingyouinabetterpositiontohandlenewclientOSmigrations,thecontinuedproliferationofnewclienttypes,andthemoveto cloudcomputing.

Desktop Virtualisation Isn’t…

• Aone-size-fits-allproposition.Therearemultipledeliverymodels,andit’sverylikelythatthebestsolutionforyourcompanywillbeacombinationoftwoormoreofthesemodels.

• Acure-allforcommonITheadachessuchasreducingthenumberofimages,maintainingsecurity,ormanagingdeviceseffectively.Infact,iftheseclientmanagementprocessesarenotundercontrolbeforehand,desktopvirtualisationcanactuallyaddcomplexityandreduceITefficiency.

• Aguaranteedwaytoreducehardwareandsupportcosts.Desktopvirtualisationisacomplexundertaking,andorganisationsmustcarefullyanalysetotalcostofownership(TCO).

• Synonymouswithvirtualhosteddesktops,VDI,orthinclients.Desktopvirtualisationencompassesbothserver-sideandclient-sidevirtualisationoptions,aswellasboththinclientandintelligentclientoptions.

Whileit’scertainlynotanewtopic,there’sstillalotofconfusionaboutwhatdesktopvirtualisationis—andwhatitisn’t.Atitscore,desktopvirtualisationisawayofreconcilingtwo(oftencompeting)goals:IT’sdesiretoexertmorecontrolovertheclientplatformtosimplifymanagementandreinincosts,andtheuser’sdesireformoreflexibilityandgreaterchoiceinendpointsandapplications.

Intel It recommends: best practices for Client management

Asmentioned,desktopvirtualisationisnotaquickcureforcommondesktopmanagementissues.Inmostcases,desktopvirtualisationstillrequiresaclientendpointandaclientoperatingsystemthatneedtobemanagedandsecured.Aswe’veworkedondesktopvirtualisationatIntel,theITdepartmenthasfoundthatbeforeembarkingondesktopvirtualisation,itisextremelyimportanttoestablishproactive,automatedclientmanagementprocesses.

Webelievethatbest-practiceclientmanagementmeanshaving thefollowinginplace:

• Automatedprocessesfor:• Passwordreset• Patchmanagement• Assetmanagement• Antivirusprotection• Softwaredistribution

• Standardisedimages

• MinimumpossiblenumberofWindows*versions

• PCfirewalls

• L1andL2lockdownpolicies

• Networkaccesscontrol

Theremainderofthisplanningguidewalksthroughfourkeystepsforplanningadesktopvirtualisationimplementation.TheinformationcomesfromIntel’sexperienceworkingwithdesktopvirtualisationsoftwarevendorsandOEMsandfromourexperienceanalysing,planning,andimplementingdesktopvirtualisationinourowncompany.

Since2007,IntelIThasbeenworkingwithavarietyof virtualisationtechniquestoseewhichwouldprovidethewidestrangeofbenefitsforIntel.Theinformationinthisdocumentisbasedlargelyonthisexperience.

Step1:DefineUserSegments andUsageScenarios

ManyITdepartmentstoday—includingIntel’s—nolongerfindit feasibletohaveasingleITservicedeliverymodelfortheirentireuserbase.Thisisespeciallytruefordesktopvirtualisation;in mostbusinesses,userneedsaretoodiversetobecoveredbyasingleapproach.

Thefirststepinplanningfordesktopvirtualisation,then,shouldbetogroupusersintosegmentsbyspecificusagescenarios.Youcanthenanalysetherightapproachtodesktopvirtualisationaccordingtoeachsegment’sparticularneeds.Intelsegmenteditsuserbasethroughacomprehensiveusersurvey;dependingonthesizeofyourbusiness,however,youmayalreadyhavetheinformationyouneedtocreateusersegments.

Thefollowingisalistofusagebehavioursandothercriteriathatwillhelpyougroupyouruserbaseintologicalsegments.

Category Usage Needs to Consider

Hardwareandperipherals

• Formfactor• Inputdevices• Communicationsdevices

Physicalworkenvironment

• Cubeoroffice• Bullpen• Manufacturingfloororlab• Virtualoffice(mobile)

Onlineworkenvironment

• Operatingsystem• Business-specificsoftware• Datasecurityrequirements• Performancefactorssuchascomputeload,requiredgraphicsperformance,delaysensitivity,webserverload, and so on

Connectivity • Wireless• Wired• Remoteaccess

Userexpectations forpersonalisation andprivacy

• Personaluseofclientdevices• Personalorcorporateownershipofclientdevices

• Privacyofpersonalinformation

Outofthiskindofanalysis,youcanthengroupuserswithsimilarrequirementsintosegmentsthatcanbeindividuallyaddressed.However,alwaysusethefewestnumberofsegmentsthatwillmeetyourrequirements.Toomuchcomplexityintheplanningstagescanmakeaprojecttoodifficultorimpracticaltoimplement.

Totherightareexamplesofpotentialusersegments.Thesemayfitsomescenarioswithinyourorganisation,butevenifthey’renotapplicabletoyourorganisation,theyprovideguidanceonhowthesesegmentscanbeconstructed.

Segment Usage Scenario

Office-centric Usesastationaryofficesetup withinacubeenvironmentandaccessesahighnumberofspecialised businessapplications.

Lab-centric Worksprimarilyintheorganisation’slabusingasharedworkstation,collaboratingface-to-faceorvia apager.

Poweruser WorksinacubeenvironmentusingawiredconnectionandadesktopPCequippedwithcomputing-andgraphics-intensiveapplications. Needstopulllargeamountsofdatafromthenetwork.

Traveller Spendslittletimeinthephysicaloffice;mosttimeisspentworkingfromhome,travelling,andworkingfromcustomersitesusingalaptopandsmartphoneequippedwithgeneralapps.Tends tobeinseniormanagement,with highexpectationsforpersonalisationandprivacy.

Roamer Movesoftenamongcube,conferencerooms,sharedworkspaces,etc.,usingawirelesslyconnectedlaptopequippedwithgeneralapps.

Step2:EvaluatetheFivePrimary DeliveryModels

Onceyouunderstandthedifferentusersegmentsthatneedtobeservedinyourdesktopvirtualisationimplementation,youcanbeginevaluatinghowthedifferentdeliverymodelsavailablestackupagainstyourrequirements.

Therearefiveprimarydeliverymodelsfordesktopvirtualisation.

Server-side virtualisation:

• Terminalservices• Virtual hosted desktops

Client-side virtualisation:

• Operatingsystemimagestreaming• Applicationstreamingandvirtualisation• Client-sidevirtualcontainer

Eachmodelprovidessomedegreeof centralmanagement,andeachhasadvantagesandtrade-offs.Keepinmindthatthebestsolutionforagivenorganisationtypicallycombinesmore thanonemodel.Butalwayschoosethe minimumnumberofdeliverymodels.

Desktop Virtualisation Delivery Models at a Glance

Model TerminalServices Virtual Hosted Desktops

OperatingSystemImageStreaming

ApplicationStreamingand Virtualisation

Client-Side Virtual Container

Server- or client-side

Server-side Server-side Client-side Client-side Client-side

Best suitedfor

Environmentswhereacriticalbusinessapplicationisneededacrossabroad spectrumofusersandwhenapplicationcompatibilityandoperatingsystemsupportmaybeachallenge.

Environmentswhereusers have an entire desktopimagethatneedstobeaccessedfrommultiplelocations,and the operating system,applications, andworkloadof thatimagearestableandpredictable.

Environmentswheresecurityiscriticalandnouserinformationneedstopersistafterasession.Alsobeneficialwhenlocalsupportisachallengeorwhenuptimeiscritical.

Environments whereapplication andlicencedeployment/managementarecritical.

Appropriateformostenvironments;modelisstillevolving.

PrimaryISV products

CitrixXenApp*

MicrosoftRemoteDesktopServices*

CitrixXenDesktop*

MicrosoftVirtualDesktopInfrastructure*

VMwareView*

CitrixXenDesktop CitrixXenApp

MicrosoftApplicationVirtualisation*

VMwareThinApp*

CitrixXenClient1.0*MicrosoftEnterpriseDesktopVirtualisation*andWindows VirtualPC7*

MokaFiveSuite*

VirtualComputerNxTop*

terminal Services

How It WorksServer-basedmodel.Theclientismerelyadisplayandinputdevice.Allcomputationisdonecentrallyontheserver,andalldataisstoredinadatacentre.Nothingisexecutedorpersistentontheclient.Usersconnectremotelytoasharedsessiononaserveroperatingsystem.

Best Suited ForEnvironmentswhereacriticalbusinessapplicationisneededbyusersacrossa broadspectrumoftheuserbase,andapplicationcompatibilityandoperatingsystemsupportmaybeachallenge.IT canprovidetheapplicationasaservicewithoutneedingtestingtoensurecompatibilityacrossallplatformsandoperatingsystems.Examples:enterprisecustomerrelationshipmanagement,finance,andhumanresourcesapplications.

Endpoint ConsiderationsThisdeliverymodelcanbeusedbothwiththinclientsandintelligentclients.

• Thinclientsaremostappropriatewhenusersdon’tneedtobemobile;whennouserpersonalisationisneededoritcaneasilyberemovedbyreimaging;andwhenapplicationsbeingaccessedarenotcomputing-orgraphics-intensive.

• Intelligentclientsarenecessarywhentheuserneedstouseapplicationsoutsideoftheterminalservicessession.Terminalservicessessionsarenotmeanttohostdesktopapplicationssincetheyrunserveroperatingsystems.

Beforemakingthethinorintelligentclientdecision,takeintoaccountwhattypeofapplicationsandcontentuserswillrequirenotjusttoday,butalsotwotothreeyearsintothefuture.

Benefits• Security:Theoperatingsystem,applications,anddataneverleavethedatacentre.

• manageability: Applicationsanddataarecentralisedforsimpleradministration,applicationmanagement,validationandsupport,andmorereliablebackup;useradds,moves,andchangesaresimple.

• Costs:Thereisalowercostofincrementalsoftwaredeployment.

• Access:Userscanaccessapplicationsfromanynetwork-connectedclient.

• Disaster recovery and business continuity: Userscanshifttoanotherclientorsite.

Limitations • performance:Performancedegradesasthenumberofusersperserverincreases;therecanbegraphicsbottlenecks;themodelrequiresacontinuousstreamoflow-latencybandwidthtomaintaindisplay,keyboard,andmouseresponsiveness.

• Software compatibility:Notallsoftwareorspecialisedperipheralsarecompatibleorsuitedtothisapproach.

• mobility:Thismodelrequiresa persistentnetworkconnectionwithadequatebandwidth.

• Costs:Newdeploymentsareexpensive,includingspace,servers,software, andnetworking.

• Disaster recovery and business continuity:Ifserverfunctionislost,processingmustshifttoaredundantserverordatacentre;lossofnetworkfunctionrendersclientsinoperable.

• User satisfaction:ThisapproachdoesnotprovideaPC-likeexperienceinperformance,customisation,flexibility,

andmobility.

Virtual Hosted Desktops

How It WorksServer-basedmodel.Thevirtualhosteddesktops(VHD)model,sometimescalledvirtualdesktopinfrastructure(VDI),issimilartoterminalservicesinthatallcomputationandstorageiscentralised.ButwithVHD,usershavetheirowncompletevirtualmachineandcustomiseddesktop,includingtheoperatingsystem,applications,andsettings.Toimprovetheuserexperience,mostVDIprotocolshavetheabilitytooffloadsomecomputingtaskstotheclient.

Best Suited ForEnvironmentswhereusershaveanentiredesktopimagethatneedstobeaccessedfrommultiplelocations—andtheoperatingsystem,applications,andworkloadofthatimagearestableandpredictable.(Requirementsneedtobewellunderstoodtopreventoverloadingservers.)Example:Youneedtodeliverdesktopimagestoremote,internationalsoftwaredeveloperswhoworkwithdataandIPthatabsolutelycannotleavethecountryoforigin.

Endpoint ConsiderationsThisdeliverymodelcanbeusedwithboththinclientsandintelligentclients.

• Thinclientsaremostappropriatewhenusersdon’tneedtobemobile;whennouserpersonalisationisneededoritcaneasilyberemovedbyreimaging;andwhentheapplicationsbeingaccessed arenotcomputing-orgraphics-intensive.

• Intelligentclientsaremostappropriatewhenrichcontentandcomputing-orgraphics-intensiveapplicationswillbepushedtotheclient.

Beforemakingthethinorintelligentclientdecision,takeintoaccountwhattypeofapplicationsandcontentuserswillrequirenotjusttoday,butalsotwotothreeyearsintothefuture.

Benefits• Security: Theoperatingsystem,applications,anddataneverleavethedatacentre.

• manageability: Desktopimageanddatamanagementarecentralisedforsimpleradministration,applicationmanagement,validationandsupport,andmorereliablebackup;therearereducedimagemanagementandstoragechallenges ifusingpublicimagesinsteadof privateimages.

• User customisation:AllowsamorePC-likeexperience;personalisationispossibleifprivateimagesareused.

• Access:Userscanaccessapplicationsfromanynetwork-connectedclient.

• Hardware/software image validation: Asingle“platform”targetforalloperatingsystemandapplicationimagesreducesvalidationefforts.

• Disaster recovery and business continuity:Userscanshifttoanotherclientorsite.

Limitations• performance:Performancedegrades asthenumberofusersperserverincreases;therecanbegraphicsbottlenecks;themodelrequiresacontinuousstreamoflow-latencybandwidthtomaintaindisplay,keyboard,andmouseresponsiveness.

• manageability:ITmustmanage,update,andpatchvirtualdesktopimagesstoredinthedatacentre.

• Software and peripheral compatibility: Notallsoftwareorspecialisedperipheralsarecompatibleorsuitedtothisapproach.

• mobility:VHDrequiresapersistentnetworkconnectionwithadequatebandwidth.

• Costs:Newdeploymentsareexpensive,includingdatacentrespace,servers,software,networking,andstorage;thisisthemostserver-intensivedeliverymethod.

• Disaster recovery and business continuity:Ifserverfunctionislost,processingmustshifttoaredundantserverordatacentre;lossofnetworkfunctionrendersclientsinoperable.

• User satisfaction: VHD is unlike the PC experienceinperformance,customisation,flexibility,andmobility.

ISV Products• CitrixXenDesktop• MicrosoftVDI• MwareView

Application Level or Image Level?

Ahelpfulwaytothinkofthemodelsandhowtheyfitwithyourrequirementsiswhethertheproblemneedstobesolvedattheapplicationlevelorimagelevel.

Inthiscase,an“image”isthecompletepackageoftheoperatingsystem,applications,anduserdataand settings.Somecomputemodelssolveapplicationproblems,whileotherssolveimageproblems.

Application-levelmodelsare:• Terminalservices• Applicationstreaming

and virtualisation

Image-levelmodelsare:• Virtualhosteddesktops• Operatingsystemimagestreaming• Client-sidevirtualcontainer

Forexample,anapplication-levelmodelislikelybestsuitedfora“bringyourowncomputer”implementation,inwhichendusersusetheirownpersonalcomputersattheworkplace.Inthiscase,deliveringanentireoperatingsystemimageislikelytobeunnecessary,andstreamingonlytheapplicationstheuserneedsissufficient.Ifanintelligentdesktopisused,thisapproachhastheaddedbenefitofenablinguserstoaccesstheirapplicationseveniftheycan’tconnecttothenetwork,becausetheapplicationsremainincacheuntiluserscanlog inagain.

Animage-levelmodelisappropriatewhenyouwantfullcontrolovertheimage.Afullyabstractedimagecanbecentrallymanagedandthendeliveredtomultipledevicesorhostedinthedatacentre.Withanimage-levelapproach,youcan,forexample,equipacontingentworkerwitheverythingnecessarytocompletehisorherwork,andthencompletelyremovethatimagewhenthecontractisover.

Operating System Image Streaming

How It WorksClient-basedmodel.Nooperatingsystemimageisinstalledlocally.Theoperatingsystemisstoredandmanagedinthedatacentre.Whentheclientpowersup,aserverstreamstheoperatingsystemimagetotheclientoverthenetwork.TheclientusesitsCPUandgraphicsforlocalexecution.TheclientmaybeaPCwithoutaharddrive,usingmainmemoryexclusively.Applicationdataisstoredinadatacentre.

Best Suited ForEnvironmentswheresecurityiscriticalornouserinformationneedstopersistafterasession—ineithercase,nodataisleftonthePCafterthepoweristurnedoff.Alsoverybeneficialwherelocalsupportmaybeachallengeoruptimeiscrucial.Examples:financialtaskworkerslikebankcashiers,insuranceagents,orotherswhoworkwithsecurecustomerdatawheremobilityisnotrequired;classroomsettings,clinicpatientrooms,andhospitalrooms—asimplerebootgetsafreshoperatingsystemimageandavoidscostlydowntimewaitingforlocalsupport;callcentreworkerswhorequiretrainingusingvideoattheirdesks—they

cansecurethecustomerdata,moveindependentlytoanotherworkdesk,andaccesstrainingwithoutleavingthephones.

Endpoint ConsiderationsThisdeliverymodelrequiresan intelligentendpoint.

Benefits• Security: Applicationdataisstored/protectedinthedatacentre;localcorruptionisremovedandpatchesupdatedateachboot-up;isolatingapplicationslimitsdataexposure.

• manageability:Desktopimageanddatamanagementarecentralisedforsimpleradministration,applicationmanagement,validationandsupport,andmorereliablebackup;therearereducedimagemanagementandstoragechallengesifusingpublicimagesinsteadofprivateimages;licensingiscentrallymanaged;adds,moves,andchangesaresimple.

• performance:Localexecutionisvirtuallyidenticaltolocallyinstalledapplications;computing-andgraphics-intensiveperformanceisgood;afterboot-up,networkdemanddropstoverylowlevels.

• Infrastructure cost: Fewerandlesscostlyserversareneeded;therearereducedstoragerequirementsifusingpublicimages;streamingtechnologyhasthelowestinitialdeploymentcostsofcentralisedcomputingmodels.

• Disaster recovery and business continuity: Userscanshifttoadifferentsiteorclient;clientmaycontinuetofunctioniftheserverornetworkisdown.

Limitations • Security:Atruntime,dataandapplicationsarevulnerabletoclient-sideattacksortheft.

• performance:Bootspeedcanbeaffectedbythedistancefromserver,networkload,andnumberofusers.

• Cost and manageability: Morestoragecapacityisneededifusingprivateimages.

• Software sequencing process: Not all softwareissuitable;initialsequencingsetup/debuggingcanbetime-andlabour-intensive;streamedandvirtualisedapplicationinteractionscanbeproblematic.

• Hardware/software image validation: ITmustvalidate/tunestreamedoperatingsystemswitheachhardwareconfiguration.

• Disaster recovery and business continuity: Ifusingprivateimagesandtheclientlosesfunction,manualconfigurationofanewdevicemay benecessary.

• mobility:Thereisnooff-network ormobileuseofastreamed

operatingsystem.

ISV Products• CitrixXenDesktop

Calculating Infrastructure requirements

Beforeselectingaparticulardeliverymodelfordesktopvirtualisation,you’llwanttocalculateitsinfrastructurerequirementsanddeterminethelevelofinvestmentitrequires.Infrastructurecomponentstoaccountforinclude:

• Servers• Storage

• Datacentrespace,power,andcooling• Networkbandwidth• Security• Manageability• Disasterrecovery• Imageandlicencemanagement

See“Step3:AnalyseTotalCostofOwnership”formoreinformationoncalculatinginfrastructurerequirements.

Application Streaming and Virtualisation

How It WorksClient-basedmodel.Theclientoperatingsystemislocallyinstalled,butapplicationsarestreamedondemandfromthedatacentretotheclient,wheretheyareexecutedlocally.Streamedappsfrequentlydonotinstallontheclientoperatingsystem,butinsteadinterfacewithanabstractionlayerandareneverlistedintheoperatingsystemregistryorsystemfiles(hencetheterm“applicationvirtualisation”).Interactionsbetweenstreamedapplications,otherlocallyinstalledsoftware,andtheoperatingsystemareminimised,eliminatingsoftwareconflicts.Italsocanimprovesecurityby“sandboxing”applicationsinisolatedcontainers.Streamedapplicationscanbecachedonalaptopandtakenoffthenetwork.Whenreconnected,theapplicationcanresynchronisewiththeservertochecklicensing,version,andusageinformation,anddownloadnewapplicationdatatothedatacentre.

Best Suited ForEnvironmentswhereapplicationand licencedeploymentandmanagement arecritical.Withapplicationstreaming andvirtualisation,ITcanusepoliciestocontrolwhenlicencesexpire,whetherthePCisconnectedtothenetworkornot.Example:settingthelicencetoexpirefortemporaryorcontractemployeeswhentheircontractshavecompleted.ITcanthenrepurposethelicence.

Thismethodofdeliveringapplicationsisadditivetoanyoftheotherimagedeliverymodels.Applicationscanbestreamedtoanyoperatingsystem,whetheritistraditionallyinstalled,virtualisedinthedatacentreoronthePC,orstreamed.

Endpoint ConsiderationsWhilethismodelcanbeusedwitheitherthinclientsorintelligentclients,usinganintelligentclienthassomeadvantagesinmobileusagescenarios.Withanintelligentmobileclient,usershave“offlinecapability”—theycanstillaccessapplicationsresidentinthecacheevenwhentheycan’tconnecttothenetwork.

Benefits• Security:Applicationsarestoredandprotectedinthedatacentre;localcorruptionisremovedandpatchesareupdatedateachinitiationfromthestreamingserver;isolatingapplicationslimitsdataexposure.

• manageability:Applicationlicensing andprovisioningcanbestreamlinedthroughcentralisedmanagement;applicationvirtualisationmayenablelegacyapplicationstorunonaneweroperatingsystem;reducedconflicts,corruption,andrandomnessintheoperatingsystemregistry.

• performance:Virtuallyidenticaltolocallyinstalledapplications;goodcomputing/graphics-intensiveperformance;afterlaunch,networkdemanddropstoverylowlevels;reducednetworkdemandversusstreamingtheoperatingsystem;userexperienceisthesameasa standardPCboot.

• Infrastructure cost:Fewer/lesscostlyserversneeded;streamingtechnologyhasthelowestinitialdeploymentcosts ofcentralisedcomputingmodels.

• Disaster recovery and business continuity: Userscanshifttoadifferentsiteorclient;userscancontinuetoworkofflinewithcachedcontent.

• mobility:Streamedapplicationscan becachedforoff-networkuseon mobileclients.

Limitations • Security:Atruntime,dataandapplicationsarevulnerabletoclient-sideattacksortheft.

• performance:Streamingdownloadspeedscanbeaffectedbydistance fromserver,networkload,andnumber ofusers;interactionsbetweenvirtualised/nonvirtualisedapplications canbeaffected.

• Software sequencing process: Not all softwareissuitable;initialsequencingsetup/debuggingcanbetimeandlabourintensive;streamedandvirtualisedapplicationinteractionscan

beproblematic.

ISV Products• CitrixXenApp• MicrosoftApp-V• VMwareThinAppClient

Client-Side Virtual Container

How It WorksClient-basedmodel.Unlikealocallyinstalledorstreamedoperatingsystem,thevirtualcontainerisabstractedfromtheplatformviaaclient-basedvirtualmachinemanager.Virtualmachineimages,includingtheoperatingsystemandapplications,arecreatedandmanagedcentrallybyITandthendeliveredtotheclient,wheretheyarestoredandlocallyexecutedonaclient-basedvirtualmachinemanager(VMM).Changesfromtheclientimagecanbesyncedwiththecentrallystoredimageandviceversa.

Best Suited ForMostenvironments.Providesmobileuserswithacentrallymanagedandsecureimage.UsersgettheperformancebenefitsoflocalexecutionandITbenefitsfromcentralisedmanageability.EnablesmultipledesktopimagesorworkenvironmentsonthesamePC,withsecureisolationbetweenthetwoenvironmentstopreventcrossinfection.Examples:officeworkerswhorequireseparateoperatingenvironmentswithdifferinglevelsofsecurityandmanagement—forexample,apersonalandworkenvironment,oramobilecontingentworkerwithasecuredcorporateimage.

Endpoint ConsiderationsThisdeliverymodelhasbothType1andType2implementation;bothrequireanintelligentclient.InaType1implementation,

theVMMrequiresathinoperatingsystemthatrunsatthesiliconleveloftheendpoint.InaType2implementation,theVMMrequiresafull-fledgedoperatingsystemontheendpoint.

Benefits• Security: Withisolatedcontainers,virusesandthreatsarecontained;IT cansetpoliciesforeachcontainerperusers’needs;patches/updatescanbedeployedonacentralcorporateimageandeasilydistributed.

• manageability:Operatingsystemimages,applications,anddatamanagementcanbecentralisedforsimpleradministration,softwaremigrations,andmorereliablebackup;imagevalidationisonlyneededagainsttheVMM;containersarehighlyportable,withsimpleinstallation.

• performance:SubjecttoVMMefficiency,performanceisvirtuallyidenticaltolocallyinstalledapplications;goodcomputing/graphics-intensiveperformance.

• mobility:Containerscanbecachedandtakenoff-network;userscancarrythecontainerimageonaUSBdriveandrunitonanyPC.

• Infrastructure cost: Thismodelbenefitsfromfewerservers,lessstorage,andreducednetworkrequirementsversusserver-sidemodels.

Limitations • Security:Atruntime,dataandapplicationsarevulnerableto client-sideattacksortheft;VMMlayermustbeprotected.

• performance:RunningmultiplevirtualmachinesonaVMMmaycauseperformancedegradation.

• maturity:Newmodeltechnology,deploymentandmanagementtools, andITprocessesarestillevolving.

• Industry-wide technical challenges: Issuesneedingattentionincludevirtualisationofgraphics,wireless, powermanagement,dockingstations,

andperipherals.

ISV Products• CitrixXenClient• MicrosoftMED-VandVirtualPC7• MokaFiveSuite• VirtualComputerNxTop

Additional Delivery models and ISVs

InadditiontotheISVslistedinthissection,thereareadditionalvendorswhose productsdon’tfitneatlyintothefivedeliverymodelsdiscussedhere.Thesevendorsandproductsinclude:

• RESSoftware*(workspacemanagement)• Scense*(workspacemanagement)• WanovaMirage*(hybriddesktop

virtualisation)

Step3:AnalyseTotalCost ofOwnershipWhiledesktopvirtualisationcanresultincostsavingswhenimplementedjudiciously,thesecostsavingsarenotguaranteed.Anyorganisationconsideringdesktopvirtualisationshouldcloselyanalysethetruecostsofimplementingandmaintainingavirtualiseddesktopenvironment.

Tobeuseful,anytotalcostofownership(TCO)calculationneedstoaccountforallmaterialimpactstotheTCO;additionally,theinputsandassumptionsofthecalculationsmustreflecttherealitiesoftheorganisation.Whilevendor-providedTCO andreturnoninvestmentmodelscanbeuseful,usethemonlyasastartingpointforamoredetailedandcomprehensiveTCOanalysisthattakesintoaccountthefollowingsevenfactors:

• Hardware

• Software

• Energy

• Datacentrerealestate

• Support

• Implementation

• Usability

Theremainderofthissectionprovides

detailsoneachofthesefactors.

HardwareReducinghardwarecostsisoftenthedriverfororganisationstoimplementvirtualiseddesktops.Bymovingthecomputingpowertoacentralandsharedlocation,userswhoformerlyusedintelligentdesktopscanbeprovidedamuchlower-costthinclientdevicetoaccessthesharedcomputingpower.However,estimatesaboutthenumberofvirtualuserswhocanshareasingleservervarysignificantly—from6tomorethan70.Accordingtoa2010publishedsurveyfromGartner,mostorganisations average 6 to 8 users per server,andveryfeworganisationsmanagetodeploymorethan20usersperserver.1

Fourprimaryelementsaffecthardwarecostsandthenumberofvirtualiseddesktopusersthatcanbesuccessfullydeployed perserver.

• User type: Usertypehasasignificantimpactontheamountofhardwarerequiredtosuccessfullyvirtualisethedesktopenvironment.Userswhoinfrequentlyaccessthesystemoraccessonlysmall,lightweightapplicationscanshareaserverinhighernumbersthan“heavy”userswhospendthemajorityoftheirdayaccessinggraphics-intensiveoranalyticalsystems.Considerdeployingdifferentstrategiesforeachusergroup:

forexample,virtualising“lightweight”usersatadifferentratioofusersperserverthanknowledgeusers,andkeepingpowerusersinatraditionalintelligentdesktopenvironment.

• Usage spikes:Anotherkeyconsideration,oftenoverlooked,isensuringthattheenvironmentcanhandlespikesinusageaswellasday-to-dayoperations.Usagespikesoftenoccuratkeypointsinsalesandfinancialreportingperiods,duringkeyseasonalevents,orduring“one-off”eventssuchasnewproductlaunches.Ifhardwarecapacityisplannedwithoutconsideringusagespikes,businessmayrunseamlessly80percentofthetimebutexperiencesignificantslowdownsduringthebusiness’smostcriticalperiods.

• Server size:Thesizeandtypeoftheserverhasabigimpactonthenumberofvirtualusersthatshareaphysicalserver.Theimportantconsiderationisnotthenumberofserversbutratherthetotalcosttoprocure,manage,run,andstoretheservers.Larger,morepowerfulserverswillhaveahigherup-frontcostandcostmoretocool,butwillholdmoreusers,takeuplessserverfloorspace,andcostlesspervirtualusertosupport.

1 Dayley,Alan.User Survey Analysis: Virtualisation Cost Reduction and Consolidation Promises Slow in Coming.Gartner,2009

• Disk allocation:Manyofthedefaultvaluesincalculatorsassume10GBofspace.In2009,Gartnerconcludedthat25GBistheactualmidpointformostusers.1Butwiththeproliferationofvideo,music,andgraphicelementsinevenfairlybasicworkproducts,manyusersarenowfillingupdrivesof100GBormoreandevenadding500GBUSBdrivesforextrastorage.Organisationsneedtotrulyanalyseandunderstandthedatastorageneedsoftheirusersbeforearrivingataconclusion.Differentusertypesmayneedverydifferentdataallocations.

SoftwareSoftwarelicensingcostsareoftenconsideredinTCOandROIcalculationtoolsasapotentialsourceofsavings.Organisationsshouldbecautiousaboutassumingthesesavingswithoutaclearunderstandingofsoftwarelicenceagreements.Inadditiontonewsoftwarerequiredtorunthecentralservers,mostdesktopapplicationschargeonaper-userbasisanddonotallowconcurrentuserlicensing.Theendresultisoftenanincreaseinoverallsoftwareandsoftwaresupportcosts,notadecrease.Manyorganisationshaveseenaninitialsoftwarecostreductiononlytodiscoverduringsoftwareauditsthataretheyareinviolationoftheirsoftwareagreements,andtheyenduppayingboththefulllicencecostsaswellasapplicablefines.Organisationsthatvirtualisetheirdesigners,developers,orotherspecialtyrolesoftenfindthattheseusersrequireanintelligent desktop due to the nonstandard applicationstheyneedtorun.Asaresult,

twostandardlicencesarerequiredforeachoftheseusers,oneforeachmachine.

EnergyEnergymattersnotonlybecauseofhowenergycostsaffectthebottomline,butalsobecauseorganisationsofteninvestigatevirtualisationinpartbecausetheywanttocreateasustainableor“green”environmentforemployeesanddemonstratecorporateresponsibilitytocustomersandshareholders.Assumingthindevicesareusedtoaccessverticaldesktops(versususinganolderintelligentPCasadumbterminal),therecanbeenergysavingsattheuserpoint.However,thesesavingsmaybebalancedbyuserbehaviour(dotheyturnofftheircomputeratnight,andarepowersettingsconfiguredtooptimiseenergyconsumption?)andtheenergyburdenofrunningandcoolingthenewservers.Dependingontheorganisation’scurrentdatacentre,implementingvirtualiseddesktopsmayrequiredatacentreandcoolingsystemupgrades.

Data Centre Real EstateSimilartoenergy,realestateconsiderationsshouldnotbeunderestimatedwhenevaluatingtheTCOofdesktopvirtualisation.Replacingatraditionalintelligentclientdesktopdevicewithanewthindeviceisunlikelytoreducetherealestaterequirementsofeachemployee.However,theadditionofmanynewserverswilldefinitelyincreasetheamountofrealestaterequiredinthedatacentre.Therearepossibletrade-offsrelatedtodatacentrerealestateversuscooling(forexample,thedensertheserversareracked,theless

impactonrealestatebutthegreatertheneedforcooling),butingeneral,moving toavirtualiseddesktopwilladdadditionalrealestate,security,andotherfacility-relatedcostssuchasmaintenanceandjanitorialcosts.

SupportOnepotentialbenefitofvirtualisationisreducingdesktopsupportcosts.Becauseserverscanbemaintainedandcontrolledinamoreeffectivemannerthanmosttraditionalintelligentdesktopenvironments,theneedfordesk-sidesupportshouldlessen.However,threeimportantelementsshouldbeconsideredwhencalculatingtruesupportsavings.

• reduced user-side support:Itismorecost-effectivetosupportusersremotelythantoprovidedesk-sideassistance.Whilethesebenefitsarenormallyrealisedaspartofdesktopvirtualisation,organisationscanpotentiallyrealisesimilarsavingsbyemployinglow-costremotedesktopapplicationsthatallowsupportpersonneltoremotelytakecontroloftheenduser’slocalmachinetoresolvesupportissues.

• Increased cost of support personnel: The skill set needed to support and maintainvirtualdesktopsisoftengreaterthanforsupportingandmaintainingtraditionaldesktops.Althoughthetotalnumberofsupportfull-timeemployees(FTEs)mayreduce,theaveragecostperFTEmayincrease.

1 Dayley,Alan.User Survey Analysis: Virtualisation Cost Reduction and Consolidation Promises Slow in Coming.Gartner,2009

• reductions in support problems: While desktopvirtualisationmayreducetruesupportinquiries,manysupportcallsareactually“how-to”inquiries.Thesehow-toinquiriesarelikelytoincreaseimmediatelyfollowingthedeploymentofvirtualiseddesktops.Organisationsshouldanalyseandunderstandtheirsupportticketmixpriortomakingassumptionsabouthowmanyoftheseproblemswillbesolvedwithvirtualisation,andalsoallowforaninitialincreaseinsupportcallsduringtherolloutandadoptionofthenewvirtualisedsystems.

ImplementationWhilemostvirtualisationTCOcalculatorstakeintoaccounthardware,energy,andrealestatecosts,fewtakeintoaccounttheinvestmentofITandthird-partyresourcesneededtoimplementthevirtualdesktopenvironment.Threeaspectsofimplementationshouldbeconsidered.

• Initial setup:Thesearethebasictasksofsettingupservers,creatingusers’virtualenvironments,managingthedifferentsoftwareapplications’permissionsprofiles,andportinguserdata,applications,anddocuments. Theseeffortscanbeverysignificantand,giventhatmostITandprojectdepartmentsmanagealeanstaff, outsidecontractorsorconsultantsmaybeneeded;thesecostsshouldbeaccountedforinacostanalysis.

• Legacy applications: Oldersoftwareapplicationsmaynotruninavirtualisedenvironment.Organisationsneedtoconsiderthecostofupdatingorreplacingtheselegacyapplicationsaspartof(orpriorto)amovetoavirtualisedenvironment.Dependingonthesize andcomplexityoftheseapplicationupgradesandreplacements,thesecostscanactuallyovershadowtheTCOfordesktopvirtualisation.Severalvirtualisationprojectshavebeenderailedasaresultofnotfullyunderstandingtheimpactofvirtualisationonthelegacyapplicationstack,andthereforeonbusinessproductivity.

• Change management: Movingtovirtualdesktopsisasignificantchangeformostorganisations,whichmakesend-usertrainingandchangemanagementprogrammesessentialforasuccessfulimplementation.Ifuserswillbelosingautonomy(suchaslosingtheabilitytoaddpersonalcommunication,music,orotherprograms),acomprehensivechangemanagementandcommunicationstrategyisessentialtohelpreduceresistanceandencourageadoption.Anorganisation’sTCOmodelshouldaccountforthesecosts.

UsabilityFourmajorcomponentsofusabilityshouldbeconsideredwhenanalysingvirtualisation.

• mobility: Thecostofmobilethinclientdevicesand,possibly,wirelessbroadbandInternetconnectivityservicesformobileworkersmustbebuiltintothecostmodel.Questions that organisations should answerincludethefollowing:

–Howmobileistheworkforceandhowavailableisbroadbandconnectivitywheretheyare?

– Isthereaneedtoworkathome,whiletravelingonplanesortrains,orin hotelrooms?

–Willtheyeverneedtoworkoffline?Orwillmobileusersonlyevertraveltootherofficesorlocationswhereaccesstoconnectivityandthinclientsisprovided?

– Inaddition,willITsupporthelpuserswhouseapersonaldeviceathomeorwhiletravellingtoaccesstheirvirtualdesktop?Ifso,whataretheimplicationsforsupportneeds?

• Cultural impacts:Eachorganisationhasitsownuniqueculture.Goingvirtualcanchallengemanycorporatecultures.Iftheorganisationisalreadyaccustomedtoahighlymanagedintelligentdesktopenvironment,theshiftmaynotbeasignificantone.However,morethanonevirtualdesktopimplementationhasfailedbecauseuserswerenotpreparedtolosetheautonomyandfreedomtheirintelligentdesktopsprovided.

• performance:Evenaproperlyscaledinfrastructurewillexperienceperformanceissuesduetousagespikes,networklag,andunderperformingorless-than-optimisedservers.Allofthesecanbemanagedtosomedegree;usagespikescanbehandledwithoversizing thehardware;underperformingorless-than-optimisedserversandnetworks canbeactivelymonitoredandmaintained.Whilethiscanimproveperformance, italsorequiresadditionalinvestment inhardwareforusagespikesandadditionalandskilledITresourcesformonitoringandtuningtheservers andnetwork.Manynetworklagissues aretheresultofthird-partyservices andcannotbeavoidedevenbythebest-runITorganisationsusingtop-of-the lineequipment.

• System/network failure: Although virtualisationcanprovideamorestableenvironmentthanintelligentdesktops,itcanalsomagnifyserverornetworkfailures.ThecostofensuringhighavailabilityandsystemandnetworkredundancymustbeincludedintheTCOanalysis.Organisationsmustalsobalancetherisksofsystemandnetworkfailureandthecostsofmitigatingthatriskagainstthecostsavingsofvirtualisation.

Step 4: Choose the Right SoftwareVendor

ThedesktopvirtualisationISVlandscapeisverycomplex.Therearecountlessinterdependenciesandrelationships,bothtechnologicalandbusinessrelated,amongthevendors.Tocomplicatematters,somecompaniesoffernotonlysoftware,buthardwareandservicesaswell.Thepossibilitiesaremany,andsoarethesoftwarevendors.

However,completingsteps1and2above—segmentingyouruserbaseandthenanalysingtheprimarydeliverymodelsagainstyourspecificbusinessandtechnicalneeds—willnarrowthefieldconsiderably,aswillcompletingyourTCOanalysisinstep3.Thissectioncoversadditionalfactorstotakeintoconsiderationinmakingyour

vendorchoice.

Understand the User ExperienceAnalysevendorsolutionsfromtheperspectiveofyourusers.Ifyouimplementaparticularvendor’ssolution,whatwillusersexperienceintermsofperformance,capabilities,andeaseofuse?Takingaslittleaspossibleawayfromthecurrentend-userexperiencewillincreasethesolution’schancesofbeingacceptedbyusers.

Analyse Your IT Department:

How Mature Is It?Doanhonestevaluationofhowautomatedandprocess-orientedyourITdepartmentis.DoesitfollowITIL*bestpractices?SomevendorsolutionsfordesktopvirtualisationarequitecomplexandappropriateonlyformatureITdepartmentstoimplementandmaintain.Ontheotherhand,somevendorsolutionscanbequitestraightforwardandwillhelpyougettovaluerelativelyquickly.

Pilot, Pilot, PilotAdesktopvirtualisationinitiativecrossesmanytechnicalanddepartmentalboundariesinanITorganisation.Beforeyoucommittoaparticularvendorsolution,itisessentialthatyoudoathoroughevaluationinasclosetoaproductionenvironmentaspossible.Implementproof-of-conceptprojectsandpilotstodetermineifthevendorsolution willmeetyourbusinessneeds.

Features to Look ForInadditiontoanalysingwhethera vendor’sdeliverymodelisrightforyourbusiness,considerfurthercapabilitiesof thesoftwaresolutionandwhetherthey willmeetyourneeds.Somefeaturesto lookforareasfollows:

• enterprise scalability: Howmanyuserscanthesolutionserve?

• Desktop provisioning:Howdoyoucreate,assign,anddeliverdesktops?

• Application life-cycle management: Howdoyoumanagelicencesandapplicationdelivery?

• richness of It policies: Does the solutionofferarichsetofITpolicies tocontrolandsecurethedesktops orapplications?

• ease of administration: HowmanyconsolesdoITadministratorshavetoworkwith?

• ease of maintenance: Howisthesolutionitselfpatchedandupdated?

• Infrastructure monitoring: Does the solutionprovideawaytomeasuretheperformanceandhealthoftheinfrastructure,includingnetwork,storage,servers,andsoon?

IntelResourcesforLearningMoreForadditionalinformationfromIntel’sITdepartmentondesktopvirtualisation, seethefollowingdocuments.

“Developing an enterprise Client Virtualisation Strategy”Startingin2007,IntelIThasbeenstudyingavarietyofvirtualisationtechniquestoseewhichwouldprovidethewidestrangeofbenefitsforIntel.Wesummarisetheprosandconsinthispaper.http://www.intel.com/content/www/uk/en/enterprise-reliability/intel-it-enterprise-client-virtualization-strategy-paper.html

“enabling Device-Independent mobility with Dynamic Virtual Clients”IntelITisinvestigatingdynamicvirtualclienttechnology,whichusescontainerisedsoftwareappliancestoabstracttheOS;applications;andcorporatedata,personaldata,andworkspaces.http://www.intel.com/content/www/uk/en/mobile-computing/intel-it-mobile-computing-independent-mobility-dynamic-virtual-clients-paper.html

“Virtualising the Client pC: A proof of Concept”IntelITconductedaproofofconceptandfoundthatdesktopvirtualisationcouldreducetotalcostofownershipbystreamliningPCclientbuilds.http://www.intel.com/content/www/uk/en/virtualization/intel-it-virtualization-virtualizing-the-client-pc-paper.html

“Intel It Considering Dynamic Virtual Client”Inthisvideo,DaveBuchholz,TechnologyEvangelist,discussesthespecificsofhowvirtualclienttechnologycanhelpcompaniessupportITconsumerisationwhilereducingtotalcostofownership andimprovingproductivity.http://communities.intel.com/docs/DOC-4313

“Increasing productivity with mobile business pCs”IntelITconductedadetailedstudyandcomparedcomputingmodelsanddevicesagainstourcomputingrequirements.Afteranalysis,weselectedmobilebusinessPCsasourstandardplatform.Onekeyfactorwastheirabilitytosupportemergingtechnologiessuchasvirtualisation.http://www.intel.com/content/www/uk/en/mobile-computing/intel-it-mobile-computing-business-pc-paper.html

DefiningDesktopVirtualisation

BenefitsofVirtualisation

Selecting the right endpoint

“better together: rich Client pCs and Cloud Computing”TheIntelITenvironmentcontainsamixtureofconventionalandcloudcomputingservices,deliveredprimarilytomobilebusinessPCs.Asweaddnewdeliverymodelssuchasdesktopvirtualisation,weexpecttorealisebenefitssuchasincreasedend-userproductivityandlowerTCO.http://www.intel.com/content/www/uk/en/cloud-computing/cloud-computing-vpro-intel-it-rich-client-pcs-and-cloud-computing-study.html

“evaluating thin-Client Security in a Changing threat Landscape”IntelITconductedasecurityanalysisofthinclientsversusmobilebusinessPCs.Wefoundthatwhilethinclientsmaybesuitableforsomenicheuses,wehavechosenmobilebusinessPCstosupportthefunctionalityandflexibilityouremployeesrequire.Inaddition,mobilebusinessPCspositionustotakeadvantageofthebenefitsofdesktopvirtualisation.http://www.intel.com/content/www/uk/en/enterprise-security/intel-it-enterprise-security-thin-client-paper.html?wapkw=evaluatingthinclientsecurity

“the Future of enterprise Computing: preparing for the Compute Continuum”Bytakingadvantageofacombinationoftechnologiesandtrends,suchasubiquitousInternetconnectivity,virtualisation,andcloudcomputing,wehaveanopportunitytomeetchangingemployeerequirementsandrefinethewayweprovideservices.http://www.intel.com/content/www/uk/en/it-management/intel-it-the-future-of-enterprise-computing-preparing-for-the-compute-continuum-paper.html

A New model of Client Computing

Thispaperisforinformationalpurposesonly.THISDOCUMENTISPROVIDED“ASIS”WITHNOWARRANTIES

WHATSOEVER,INCLUDINGANYWARRANTYOFMERCHANTABILITY,NONINFRINGEMENT,FITNESSFORANYPARTICULAR

PURPOSE,ORANYWARRANTYOTHERWISEARISINGOUTOFANYPROPOSAL,SPECIFICATION,ORSAMPLE.Inteldisclaims

allliability,includingliabilityforinfringementofanypropertyrights,relatingtouseofthisinformation.Nolicence,express

orimplied,byestoppelorotherwise,toanyintellectualpropertyrightsisgrantedherein.

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