pnw rooftop unit working group - rtug – rooftop unit research project phase 4 may 26, 2010
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PNW Rooftop Unit Working Group- RTUG –
Rooftop Unit Research Project Phase 4
May 26, 2010
RTUG Agenda 052610• RTUG Work Plan Review• Bonneville-Cadmus RTU Research Work: Questions Anyone?• Energy Trust of Oregon O&M Solutions Initiative–RTU Pilot • RTU Results Database Update/Demo • Bonneville RTU Program Servicing Contractors Summary
– Lesson learned for training requirements– Measure definitions: air flow, others – Regional RTU service protocol: completed or….?
• Initial Web-Enabled Thermostat Summary/Demo Lunch 12:15 - 1:00pm
• Regional RTU-related Roundup -Premium Ventilation-Other PNW Regional: Bonneville ET HVAC Advisory Group-California: IOUs/Advanced Cooling/Research Results-IEER Issue/Status-ASHRAE Comprehensive Performance Rating System Proposal
• RTUG Strategic Plan/Roadmap - Initial Discussion • Next Generation Retrofit – Initial Discussion [Breaks taken as needed]
NBI – RTUG Work Plan• Convene/manage the RTUG• Actively promote collaboration within/outside the
region on EM&V protocols, RTU efficiency research• Review BPA research results and assist in drafting the
proposed annualized savings methodology• Assist in implementing the Regional RTU Research
Results database – RRRR or R4 database• Lead the RTUG through a process to scope technical
and related elements of a regional RTU Strategic Plan• Identify options for equipment redesign, deeper
retrofit and early replacement
Current RTUG Schedule
• NBI contract with NPCC/RTF through November 2010
• 3 RTUG meetings, up to 3 RTF meetings
• May 26 > ???? > October 26 > RTF Nov 2
• Elements of a Strategic Plan/Roadmap
• Next steps…
Bonneville – Cadmus SOW• Evaluate persistence of savings over 1 year• Verify the initial signature annualization calculations• Evaluate correlation between logged OSA and TMY
data• Evaluate winter heat pump performance• Feedback to and from HVAC service companies• Demonstrate/evaluate energy savings/performance
of web-enabled programmable thermostats-20 units• Refine annualization calculations using building
characteristics, whole building energy use data and energy signatures
Roof Top Unit Economizer Service “After The Pilot?”
The EconomizerProgram
Savings and Incentives for the O&M Solutions Initiative
Savings development for 2010 scale-up effort• For economizer retrofit option:
• Average savings found in 2009 retrofit pilot metering study on 3-ton units
• Adjusted with PSE program results• For economizer retrofit option w/ DCV:
• No units w/ DCV metered during retrofit pilot• Used PSE program results w/ DCV savings
• For various Tune-up options:• Tune-up of larger units not target of prior ETO pilot
effort• Used PSE program results for various options• Savings checked against RTUG finding of ~200kWh/ton
Energy Calculations
Tune-up Options (Office/Retail)3 or 4 Ton Roof Top Unit Incentive Requirements
1 Install new economizer with DCV controls Includes Economizer package, new O/A Sensor, new Two-stage Programmable Thermostat and DCV control, installed and set for maximum energy savings.
2 Install economizer without DCV controls Includes Economizer package, new O/A Sensor installed and set for maximum energy savings. Existing Programmable Thermostat already has Two-stage cooling and is in working condition. DCV controls not warranted due to space occupancy.
5 thru 20 Ton Roof Top Unit Incentive Requirements3 Tune up unit with existing economizer with
thermostat and sensor replacement.Replacement of existing economizer O/A sensor and thermostat that does not have two-stage cooling, or that is not programmable. Economizer must work properly after tune up as per Form 180TE checklist. (Damaged dampers, damper linkage and damper motors shall be fixed prior to tuning up if found non-functioning.)
4 Tune up unit with existing economizer with sensor replacement only.
Replacement of existing economizer O/A sensor only and performing services per Form 180TE checklist. (Damaged dampers, damper linkage and damper motors shall be fixed prior to tuning up if found non-functioning.)
5 Add DCV control to unit w/ existing economizer Add-on DVC control, CO2 sensor, controller where necessary, and O/A sensor. Economizer must be operational and tuned up. Assumes existing thermostat is functioning and no new thermostat is needed. (Damaged dampers, damper linkage and damper motors shall be fixed prior to tuning up if found non-functioning.)
6 Perform all controls and tune up measures listed in 3,4 and 5
Add-on DVC control, CO2 sensor, controller where necessary, and O/A sensor, and new programmable thermostat. Economizer must be operational and tuned up. (Damaged dampers, damper linkage and damper motors shall be fixed prior to tuning up if found non-functioning.)
Economizer Retrofits3 thru 4 ton units, 7 years old to present.
• #1 Economizer with DCV• Estimated annual savings: 1512 kWh/ton and 57
therms/ton• Incentive paid to Trade Ally: $1250
• #2 Economizer without DCV• Estimated annual savings: 1500 kWh/ton and 4
therms/ton• Incentive paid to Trade Ally: $1050
Energy Savings (Office/Retail)
Energy Savings (Office/Retail)
Existing unit Tune Ups5 thru 20 ton units, 10 years old to present.
• #3 Replace existing OSA Sensor & Single Stage Thermostat• Estimated annual savings: 246 kWh/ton and 4
therms/ton• Incentive paid to Trade Ally: $450
• #4 OSA sensor replacement only• Estimated annual savings: 126 kWh/ton and 0
therms/ton• Incentive paid to Trade Ally: $250
Existing unit Tune Ups (cont.)5 thru 20 ton units, 10 years old to present.
• #5 Add DCV control and O/A sensor to existing, working economizer
• Estimated annual savings: 262 kWh/ton and 57 therms/ton
• Incentive paid to Trade Ally: $1050
• #6 Complete Tune-Up Package, new Thermostat, new OSA Sensor, and CO2 Sensor
• Estimated annual savings: 382 kWh/ton and 57 therms/ ton
• Incentive paid to Trade Ally: $1250
Energy Savings (Office/Retail)
Cost-Effectiveness determined for each option based on minimum tonnage allowed
• PMC set costs based on field knowledge and pilot results
• Incentive designed to pay close to 100% of expected costs
• Seen as best way to get contractor buy-in
• Incentive is flat, so cost-effectiveness increases with tune-up of larger ton units
• Measure life was hard to determine
• Only open to service contractors with existing service contracts
• Set at 5 years as conservative estimate for units with existing service contracts. Use regional data to true-up in future.
Cost-Effectiveness
Cost-Effectiveness (Office)
Measure #
Energy Efficiency Measure Name
Measure Lifetime
(Maximum 70 yrs)
Annual Electricity Savings (kWh)
Annual Natural
Gas Savings (therms)
Total Incremental
Cost of Measure
Total Potential Incentive
If Measure is Cost-effective
Combined Utility
System BCR
Combined Societal
BCR
1Office - Option #1
Install New Economizer5 4,098 202 $1,250 $1,250 1.6 1.6
2Office - Option #2
Install New Economizer w/o DCV
5 3,762 22 $1,050 $1,050 1.3 1.3
3Office - Option #3
Tune-up existing economizer w/ new T'stat & O/A sensor
5 1,060 36 $450 $450 1.0 1.0
4Office - Option #4
Tune-up existing economizer w/ new O/A sensor only
5 540 0 $250 $250 0.7 0.7
5Office - Option #5
Add DCV to unit w/ existing economizer
5 1,100 336 $850 $850 1.6 1.6
6Office - Option #6
Add DCV to unit w/ existing economizer & all other tune ups
5 1,620 336 $1,250 $1,250 1.3 1.3
Note: Minimum size for Option #1 & Option #2 is 3-tons Minimum size for Option #3 thru Option #6 is 5-tons
Cost-Effectiveness determined for each option based on minimum tonnage allowed
• PMC set costs based on field knowledge and pilot results
• Incentive designed to pay close to 100% of expected costs
• Seen as best way to get contractor buy-in
• Incentive is flat, so cost-effectiveness increases with tune-up of larger ton units
• Measure life was hard to determine
• Only open to service contractors with existing service contracts
• Set at 5 years as conservative estimate for units with existing service contracts. Use regional data to true-up in future.
Cost-Effectiveness
On the HorizonSavings and Program true-up• Repeat metering approach used in 2009 retrofit pilot
• If possible, select site with repetitive RTU’s and similar tune-up options performed
• Use RTUG efforts to inform M&V protocol requirements
• Determine gas savings for units installed with DCV• True-up savings estimates using 68°F changeover and 4-
tons• Perform service contractor interviews to determine
effectiveness of checklist and paperwork• Explore installed program mix to determine which options
are preferable• Review installation costs to determine appropriate
incentive level
Where Are We Today ?
(RTUG Meeting)
• Sent out 74 Existing Building HVAC Trade Ally Applications first week of April
• Received 30 completed applications by the 19th of April
• Set and trained the first 11 applicants• 1 Astoria• 1 Redmond• 1 Jacksonville• 1 Grants Pass• 7 in Portland metro area
• Next 19 appointments are pending
Sequence of Operation
These Are The Numbers Month One
As of May 19th the savings on paper, on my desk, approved, and being installed and tuned-up are:
• Total Economizers being installed: 51 for a total of 176.5 Tons
#1 with DCV savings: 266,868 kWh and 10,060 therms
#2 with out DCV savings: 264,750 kWh and 706 therms
• Total Tune-ups being done: 102 for a total of 806 Tons
#3 T’stat & Sensor only savings: 198,274 kWh and 3,224 therms
#4 Sensor only savings: 101,556 kWh and 0 therms
#5 DCV only savings: 211,172 kWh and 45,942 therms
#6 All the above savings: 307,892 kWh and 45,942 therms
Training
• History lesson on why we need to do this,
64% don’t work
• Go through required paper work and train Trade Ally how to qualify the RTUs
• Incentives
• Quality Control
• Conclusion
Review
• Install new economizer packages
• 3 thru 4 ton, 7years to present
• Repair existing economizers
• 5 thru 20 ton, 10 years to present
• Install new thermostats
• Set schedules and temperatures for new and existing thermostats for maximum energy savings
• Install new sensors and set for maximum energy savings
• Require 68°F changeover temperature.
• Install new DCV / CO2 controls.
Contact
Lockheed MartinDaniel Wilkinson621 SW Morrison St. Suite 550Portland, OR 97205daniel.wilkinson@lmco.com
Direct: 503-243-7687Cell: 971-678-6457Fax: 503-243-1154www.energytrust.org
R4 Database
Site Summary
• Site ID• RTU ID• Weather data• Annual kWh pre-• Annual kWh post-• Compressor stages• Compressor max duty (frac
of full load)• Economizer (y/n)• Monitoring level
Pre- and Post- Service Summary
• Fan kW• Fan duty (fraction of full
load)• Baseload kWh/day• Balance point temp• Slope kWh/day/degF• Demand @ 80 degF, Stage
1&2 kW
Performance Tested HVAC Contractor Debrief Overview
Presented to: the RTF Rooftop Unit Working Group May 26, 2010
Presented by:Mira Vowles, P.E., CEM
Emerging Technology Project ManagerBPA Energy Efficiency
Performance Tested HVAC Contractor Debriefing Meetings
• Apollo Sheet Metal (4/9/2010)
• Campbell & Company (4/9/2010)
• MacDonald Miller Facility Solutions (4/12/2010)
• Portland Energy Conservation, Inc. (2009)
26
Performance Tested HVAC Lessons Learned
27
Program Requirements
Better definition of Program elements, such as economizer change-over settings, system airflow measure and documentation requirements
Market Transformation
More training, streamlined protocols and better tools are needed for cost effective application of energy efficiency measures
Missed Opportunities More aggressive thermostat adjustments, fan scheduling, economizer change-over settings and follow-up with the end-use consumers
RTU Service Protocol – 1/19/10
• Economizer recommissioning: C7650 sensor & snap disk changeouts, 2-stage t-stat, actuator circuit-dampers, controls as needed; changeover temp recommended @ 68°F [track problems]
• Option: add economizer for 3-4-5 ton units [ETO ≤ 7yr newer]• Temperature split screening for charge check. Check if split is over
30deg.• Agnostic on refrigeration charge diagnostic approach/tools• Airflow! Legal/contractor issue, not a program issue? ASH 62!
seasonal? Don’t need prog spec. Discuss with RTF? Document as found condition. Inform contractors on Best Practice.
• Condenser coil cleaning #1; evap #2 wet or dry, brush/water preferred.
• Scheduling/fans where feasible• Filter - visible inspection• DCV?
Web-Enabled T-Stat/ControlsPresented to: the RTF Rooftop Unit Working Group
May 26, 2010
Presented by:Kathy Hile
Research Project ManagerCadmus Group
DreamWatts - Cadmus Scope of Work• Evaluate energy savings and product performance on 20 RTUs:
– Persistence of savings– Enhanced control over typical small commercial building control
systems.– Reduction in energy usage– Owner engagement and satisfaction with product and any barriers to
adoption
Web-Enabled Data CollectionFor sites with Web Enabled Programmable Thermostats, Excel files consisting of the following data will
be provided: 2 years of data at 60 second intervals for each RTU, with the opportunity to download 4 Excel data files)
• Thermostat temperature or calculated control temperature (1/100 degrees C)• Remote sensor temperatures, if installed (1/100 degrees C)• Relative Humidity (%)• Cooling set point (1/10 degrees C)• Heating set point (1/10 degrees C)• Override state (whether an override is in effect)• Fan relay state (closed/open)• State of heating relays (both open, stage 1 closed, stage 2 closed)• State of cooling relays (both open, stage 1 closed, stage 2 closed)• Lockout state (none, all functions require PIN, all but override entry require PIN)• Amperage• Voltage• Power in Watts• Power Factor• Frequency• Energy (kWh since inception/initialization of the register)• ComLynx (-25 C) • Zip code based outdoor temperature from www.weather.com collected every 30 minutes
Premium VentilationFan Cycling DCV
Research Funded by:
Bonneville Power Administration
Incentive Partners: EWEB & ETO
Premium Ventilation Package Regional HVAC Savings
DOE2 based analysis
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
Phoenix AZ
Sa c'to CA
Eugene OR
Boise ID
Burl'ton VT
Chica go IL
Mem phis TN
Houston TX
HV
AC
kW
h pe
r 10
00 s
quar
e fe
et
Ba se Tota l HVAC
Tota l ECM Sa vings
Rem a ining Fa n & Aux
Rem a ining Cooling
Rem a ining Hea ting
Eva pora tive Pre-cool
Fa n VSD Idle
Dem a nd Ventila tion
Integra ted Econom izer
Ventila tion Wa rm up
Strip Hea t lockout
Optim um Sta rt
Premium Ventilation:Significant RTU Savings
• Premium economizer savings, plus
– Fan savings when not heating or cooling
– More accurate ventilation during occupied period
– Reduced ventilation when not occupied
• Estimated (DOE2) HVAC savings: 25% - 45% regionally
• Compare potential savings in Sacramento, CA:
– SEER 13 to 15: 0.22 kWh/sf
– Premium Ventilation: 2.0 kWh/sf
• Limited field testing for functionality:
– Two RTUs with adequate data for savings prediction:
RTU Savings (n=2) 13.1%; 66.3%
– Savings vary widely with base condition and loading
Its Time for Stand-Alone DDC• Its time to let the low
cost, 35-year old solid-state economizer controllers go
• Just too many wires up on the roof.
• A combined programmable thermostat with BACnet DDC controller is now here at a reasonable price from multiple manufacturers
DCV Integrated Fan Control (DCV-IFC)
Sequence Improvements– Occupancy Sensor based setpoint
and ventilation– Duty cycling would circulate air at
least every 30 minutes– Stand-alone demand reduction– Allow night flush cooling
Advantages of DCV-IFC– Interface with any staged
rooftop unit with an economizer,
– With the fan off when not needed less damper leakage
– Greater savings than VSD power reduction at low speed
– Lower cost as no VSDs and associated wiring or motor upgrades are required.
– Higher reliability, as electronic economizer (solid-state) controls are replaced with digital logic.
– Ventilation monitored and controlled
Summer Typical Mode Setpoints
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
12:0
0 AM
2:00
AM
4:00
AM
6:00
AM
8:00
AM
10:0
0 AM
12:0
0 PM
2:00
PM
4:00
PM
6:00
PM
8:00
PM
10:0
0 PM
12:0
0 AM
Sp
ace
Tem
per
atu
re /
Set
po
int,
d
eg F
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
OS
A D
amp
er
OA Damper
Space Temp
Cool Set
Econo Set
Heat SetUno
ccup
ied
Nig
ht F
lush
Opt
imum
S
tart
(P
urge
)
Occ
upie
d
Sta
ndby
O
ccup
ied
P
re-D
eman
d
Dem
and
Rec
over
y
Uno
ccup
ied
ASHRAE 62.1 Ventilation Standards Met with Fan Cycling
Fan Cycling Ventilation (cycles shown to meet ventilation only)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
8 A
M
9 A
M
10 A
M
11 A
M
12 P
M
1 P
M
2 P
M
3 P
M
4 P
M
5 P
M
Fan operates 35.1% of time
Vent OA damper CO2 PPM as % of Full Design % Design Occupancy 3.0 hr Avg OA % of prescriptive
Allow ed maximum ventilation increases as OA approaches space temperature
Note: Startup ventilation compliant w ith 62.1 users manual is typically below prescriptive levels under CO2 sensor control.
Bids Are In
• Assuming ~$300 for rewiring, – Dual controller still cost net ~$100 more – Rewired single controller in space preferred
• Cost still in one-off stage
Manuf Per RTU Per Bldg @ 6/Bldg
KMC $1938 $1938Innotech* $2038 $1015 $2207Alerton $3301 $3301
*Building unit includes ethernet connection & programming station
Update: BPA Emerging TechnologiesPresented to:
Regional Technical ForumRooftop Unit Working Group May 26, 2010
Presented by:Mira Vowles, P.E., CEM
Emerging Technology Project ManagerBPA Energy Efficiency
EE Emerging Technology (E3T)
Emerging Not yet assessed or included in BPA programs
Small Market Share Commercially available (or nearly so) with only a small market share in the Northwest
Energy Efficiency Significant potential to provide quantifiable, reliable, and cost effective electric energy savings in the Northwest
Technically Sound Reasonable certain performance
Relevant Readily identifiable program or R&D gaps
E3T Technology Identification and Selection Process
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Intake List
BPA Technology Innovation and Confirmation
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Priority List
New Offer
Assess
Stage Gate 2-4
Stage Gate 1 ScreenScan Stage
Gate 5
Stage Gate 6-7
TechnologySummary
Benefits & PotentialScorecard
Project Portfolio
Funding ProposalScorecard
New Offer Documentation
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
EE Qualified Measure List
TechnologyPotential
Project Proposal
Identification Scorecard
4
9
6
2
7
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10Technical PromiseTime to Market
Size of Market Potential
BPA E3T – Energy Efficiency Emerging Technology Program
Part 1 E3T -Technology Identification and Selection
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Intake List
Energy Smart Innovation
Center
Technical Advisory GroupsEnergy Smart
Innovation Center
Technical Advisory GroupsTechnical Advisory GroupsBPA Technology Innovation and Confirmation
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Priority List
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Priority List
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Priority List
Stage Gate 2-4
Stage Gate 1
Stage Gate 5Scan Screen Assess New Offer
Stage Gate 6-7
Stage Gate 2-4
Stage Gate 1
Stage Gate 5Scan Screen Assess New Offer
Stage Gate 6-7
Stage Gate 2-4
Stage Gate 1
Stage Gate 5Scan Screen Assess New Offer
Stage Gate 6-7
Measure Identification
Measure Identification
Measure Identification
Measure Benefits & Potential ScorecardsMeasure Benefits & Potential Scorecards
E3T Project List
4
9
6
2
7
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
Tech
nica
l Pro
mise
Time to Market
Size of Market Potential
Funding Proposal Scorecard
E3T Project List
4
9
6
2
7
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
Tech
nica
l Pro
mise
Time to Market
Size of Market Potential
E3T Project List
4
9
6
2
7
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
Tech
nica
l Pro
mise
Time to Market
Size of Market Potential
Funding Proposal Scorecard
Funding Proposal Scorecard
New Offer Documentation
New Offer Documentation
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Qualified Measure List
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Qualified Measure List
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Qualified Measure List
Selection Process Web SiteCollaboration
HVAC TAG members: EWEB, NEEA, NYSERDA, SMUD, Davis Energy Group, NBI, MacDonald Miller, PSE, PAE, LBNL, SCE, Arup, SCL, AHRI, BC Hydro, PG&E
Energy Management TAG: New members needed
2009 HVAC Technical Advisory MembersName Organization Location
Bob Carver NYSERDA Troy, NY
Charlie Grist Northwest Power & Conservation Council Portland
Dave Bisbee Sacramento Municipal Utility District Sacramento, CA
David Springer Davis Energy Group Davis, CA
Howard Reichmuth New Buildings Institute White Salmon, WA
Jack Callahan Bonneville Power Administration Portland
Jared Sheeks MacDonald Miller Engineers Seattle
Joel Jackman Puget Sound Energy Bellevue, WA
Keith Elder Coffman Engineers, Inc. Seattle
Marcia Karr WSU Energy Program Olympia
Mark Firestone PAE Consulting Engineers Portland
Mary Ann Piette Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley, CA
Mike Lubliner WSU Energy Program Olympia
Paul Delaney Southern California Edison Irwindale, CA
Edwin Hornquist Southern California Edison Irwindale, CA
Peter Alspach Arup Seattle
Phoebe Warren Seattle City Light Seattle
Xudong Wang Air-Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Inst. Arlington, VA
Tom Yin BC Hydro Burnaby, BC
KC Spivey PG&E San Francisco, CA
Prioritization: Technologies Reviewed by 2009HVAC Technical Advisory Group
Technology Title Priority
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) heat pumps -- "Multi-split" H
Demand-Controlled Ventilation H
Demand Controlled Ventilation for Commercial Kitchens H
Indirect-Direct Evap Cooler L
2010 HVAC Technical Advisory Group June 10TH Meeting
45
* Propose new technologies
* Rank measures
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Intake List
Energy Smart Innovation
Center
Technical Advisory GroupsEnergy Smart
Innovation Center
Technical Advisory GroupsTechnical Advisory GroupsBPA Technology Innovation and Confirmation
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Priority List
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Priority List
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Priority List
Stage Gate 2-4
Stage Gate 1
Stage Gate 5Scan Screen Assess New Offer
Stage Gate 6-7
Stage Gate 2-4
Stage Gate 1
Stage Gate 5Scan Screen Assess New Offer
Stage Gate 6-7
Stage Gate 2-4
Stage Gate 1
Stage Gate 5Scan Screen Assess New Offer
Stage Gate 6-7
Measure Identification
Measure Identification
Measure Identification
Measure Benefits & Potential ScorecardsMeasure Benefits & Potential Scorecards
E3T Project List
4
9
6
2
7
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
Tech
nica
l Pro
mis
e
Time to Market
Size of Market Potential
Funding Proposal Scorecard
E3T Project List
4
9
6
2
7
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
Tech
nica
l Pro
mis
e
Time to Market
Size of Market Potential
E3T Project List
4
9
6
2
7
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10
Tech
nica
l Pro
mis
e
Time to Market
Size of Market Potential
Funding Proposal Scorecard
Funding Proposal Scorecard
New Offer Documentation
New Offer Documentation
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Qualified Measure List
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Qualified Measure List
Technology MWh MW PerformanceYears to Market
Ductless HVAC xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
LED yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy yyyyy
HAN zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz zzzzz
PlugLoad wwww wwww wwww wwww
E3T Qualified Measure List
Current E3T RTU Assessment Projects
Technology Team Activity Status
RTU Service
Cadmus, NEEA, NEEC, Ecotope & 11 utilities
Multiple Field Tests In Progress
Demand Controlled Ventilation
City of Eugene, EWEB, SUB, ETO, PECI
Multiple Field Tests In Progress
Web Enabled Thermostat
SCL, Clark PUD, Cadmus, MacDonald Miller
Demonstration and Field Test
In Progress
47
How to Participate - TAGs E3T Technical Advisory Groups
Purpose: Regional and national experts submit, evaluate and prioritize emerging technologies and make recommendations to BPA through an in-depth guided process
Participation: New members for Energy Management are needed for 2010
Contact: Jack Callahan, BPA Energy Efficiency, jmcallahan@bpa.gov
Jack Zeiger, WSU Energy Program, zeigerj@energy.wsu.edu
Learn More: Visit the BPA Web site: www.bpa.gov/energy/n/emerging_technology/index.cfm
NORTHWEST ENERGY EFFICIENCYTECHNOLOGY ROADMAP
MARCH 2010BPA Technology Innovation
Prioritization: EE Technology Roadmap 2010 - Top 15 R&D
Rank Product & Service Priority (Max=1001 Residential Heat Pumps 1002 Heat Recovery 983 Retro & NC Air Sealing 974 Manufactured Homes 975 Deep Retrofits -Residential & Commercial 956 Retro & NC Air Sealing 957 Improve Task/Ambient Application 958 Net Zero Energy Home 929 Retro and NC Windows 91
10 Day Lighting Walls 9111 Commercial HVAC 9012 Easy/simple user interface controls 8913 Net Zero Energy Home 8814 Retrofit Insulation 8715 Retro and NC Windows 84
Prioritization: EE Tech Roadmap 2010 - Top 15 Market/Programs
Rank Product & Service Priority
1 Data centers 1002 Virtualization and consolidation of small system 963 Solid state lights 954 Heat pump water heaters with exhaust vent 905 Mini split with space and water heat 876 HVAC 857 Commercial variable refrigeration flow 838 Minisplit - Residential space and water heat 789 Efficient home electronics 76
10 Environmental interlocks – hotel key locks 7511 Integrated building design 7512 DCV for commercial kitchen hoods 7413 Wireless homes 7414 Power conversion 7315 Smart plug strips 72
CA IOUs RTUs• PG&E continues RCA/DTS program + AirCare Plus
• SCE: Halts RCA/DTS; designing small-scale additive pilots for RTU QI/QM with ACCA/ANSI Standard 180 as baseline
• Want to distinguish a ‘Premium Service’ offering
• Western HVAC Performance Alliance: www.performancealliance.org
• WCEC > Western Cooling Challenge
Indirect Evaporative-HybridWestern Cooling Challenge-WCEC
Coolerado H80, 5-ton RTU. NREL tested.Sensible EER Spec @ 90°F ≥17 MEASURED = 41.1 EERSensible EER Spec @ 105°F ≥14 MEASURED = 20.1 EER
80% kWh – 60% kW ReductionWater use spec ≤ 4.0 gal/tonh MEASURED = 1.85 gal
Western Cooling Efficiency Center• RTU Retrofit Initiative: evaporative pre-cooling >
condenser inlet, outdoor-air intakeDual-Cool, HelioMist, Evaporcool, FlashCool, Thermal Flow, Cool-N-Save
• 1000 Ton Pilot Concep Coolerado H-80
Parameter/Model H80 WCC Minimum
$/kWh $0.142 $0.142
$/kW $123.24 $123.24
kWh/yr/ton savings 1029 515
kW/ton savings 0.68 0.34
$/ton Savings $230 $115
Proposed 1000- Ton Pilot Customer Savings:PG&E Large Single Story Retail
kW and kWh/yr savings of WCC Minimum estimated at 50% of H80 Climate Zone 12
Cost6-ton RTU 2010 DOE H80 WCC Minimum
Equipment Cost $7,313 $13,000 $10,710
Incremental Cost $5,688 $3,398
Equipment Cost [$/ton] $1,219 $2,167 $1,785
Incremental Cost [$/ton] $948 $483
Incremental Installation Cost [$/ton] $50 $50
Total Incremental Cost/ton $998 $533
Equipment First Cost at Pilot Program Volumes
H80 without gas heat is $12,000, but standard practice is to include gas heatH80 has a capacity of a 6 ton RTU operating with 120 cfm/ton of ventilation air requirement
California HVAC Research-Summer 2009• Early replacement and replace on burnout –
ducts/charge checking/rightsizing T24 requirements
• High Impact Measure – what was the efficiency impact of the new unit?
• No pre-retrofit case. Assumed RCA/DTS completed
• 150 RTUs
• DEER used to establish basecase
Basic monitored data hourly presentation. This is close to the raw data, except the raw data has monitoring intervals of 1-3
minutes. Some logic done on supply air temps such as max/min.
Power and temperature
0123456789
101112
21 4 11 18 1 8 15 22 5 12 19 2 9 16 23 6 13 20 3 10 17 24 7 14 21 4 11 18 1 8 15 22 5 12 19
time hours
powe
r, kW
ot t
emp/
10
osa comp stat/10 ret/10 supply hi/10 supply lo/10 supply fan/10
EER vs. Temperature Measurement
EER Performance
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 110.00
Hourly Temperature, Deg F
EE
R
observed SEER 10 ref SEER 13 ref observedSEER10 SEER13
Hourly Energy Model
Hourly Data
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Hourly Temperature, deg F
En
erg
y, k
Wh
Mod Comp Comp kWh Max kW high Max kW lo max fw fan
Cumulative Energy – A check on the hourly model
Cumulative Compressor Energy
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
18 20 22 24 26 28 301 3 5 7 9
11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 291 3 5 7 9
11 13
Day of Month
Cum
ulat
ive
Cool
ing
Ener
gy,
kWh Model
Data
Annual perspective: the monitored unit did about as well as a SEER10 reference and better than the typical as-found unit
Monthly Compressor Cooling Energy
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
En
erg
y kW
h Monitored
SEER 10
SEER 13
RCA base
Long-term average temperature data from TMY 2 for specified location.
An ongoing puzzle: the slope of the observed EER vs. temperature is atypical
EER Performance
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
70.00 80.00 90.00
Hourly Temperature, Deg F
EE
R
observed SEER 10 ref SEER 13 ref
SEER values taken from DEER prototypes
RTF RTUG UpdateMay 26, 2010
Reid Hart, PEAssociate Director
Technical Research Group
IEER Rating Background
Acknowledgement to Dick Lord for content from his presentation at CEE 09/09/2007
New Proposed Part Load Metric (IEER)• The ARHI 360 Engineering committee elected to base the
procedure on the general format used for chillers– A single metric would be used for part load ratings– It would be based on a weighted average of performance
at 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%– The weighting factors would be based on a US market
average– The performance would be determined at a ambient
conditions associated with the part load operation.– The committee elected to change the name from IPLV to
IEER so that people would not confuse the old and new requirement
Development of the Equation• In order to evaluate the A, B, C, D weighting factors for the
IEER equation as well as the temperature re-schedule temperatures we have developed a model with the following attributes;– Based on 3 buildings types – Office, Retail, School– Based on the 15 benchmark cities – see map– Looked at the analysis with and with economizer hours– Weight averaged the factors based on distribution of
building types and volume of packaged units for each region
– Performed the analysis for both air and water cooled conditions
Benchmark City Volumes
Miami FL
Houston, TX
Phoenix, AZ
San Francisco CA
Baltimore MD
Salem, OR
Chicago, ILBoise, ID
Burlington, VT
Helena MTDuluth, MN
El Paso, TX
Albuquerque, NM
Memphis TN
Zone % Volume1a 1.18%2a 8.84%2b 3.88%3a 8.74%3b 8.32%3c 8.68%4a 13.67%4b 1.44%4c 2.15%5a 21.08%5b 5.29%6a 10.43%6b 2.54%7 2.33%8 1.42%
Weighting Factors• For each of the 15 cities and 3 building profiles we then used a
tool that we have developed for ASHRAE 90.1 energy analysis which results in determining the number of operating hours per 5 degree temperature bin
• A typical city load profile is shown below:
Houston Drybulb Temperature Profile - Retail
29
253
557
660
563
497
402
324
264
203
138
69 515
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35
Temperature
An
nu
al H
ou
rs
Weighting Factors
• Determine the % load vs the full load design point and then grouped the load into the following 4 bins
Load Level EER Weighting Ambient Test Load range
100% 2.0% 95.0°F 97-100%
75% 61.7% 81.5°F 62.5%-97%
50% 23.8% 68.0°F 37.5-62.5%
25% 12.5% 65.0°F 0-37.5%
Economizers• Technically we should include the economizer hours or the full
occupied hours, but this would require us to test with economizers as well as have ratings with and without economizers
• Based on this the ARI committee agreed to only base the IEER on the cooling mechanical hours as it therefore represents a measure of the refrigeration system
• Economizers are addressed separately by ASHRAE 90.1
Advantages of IEER• The new IEER will allow for a uniform rating of all products including
single stage and multiple stage
• It allows for improved part load IEER values with variable speed or stepped speed fans
• It encourages control logic and designs that can improve part load performance
– Compressor unloading
– Variable flow supply fan
• Accounts for fan energy when refrigeration is cycling
– Encourages more efficient fan design & fan motors
• Provides one national number focused on energy use
Issues with IEER• Static pressure test conditions lower than typical field
conditions retained
• Does not include effects of
– Economizer
– Fan low speed or cycling during idle
– Evaporative assist or heat recovery
– Other efficiency impacts
• Does not provide regional data
Current Unitary AC Performance Levels
Note: Values above for electrical resistance heating section types.
Size Category (Btu/hr)
ASHRAE 90.1-2007 (1/1/2010)
IEER-EER
ASHRAE 189.1-2009
(3/2010)
IEER-EER
ENERGY STAR
(5/1/2010)
IEER-EER
CEE Tier 1
(Current)
CEE Tier 2
(Current)
>=65k - <135k11.2 EER
11.4 IEER0.2
11.5 EER
12.0 IEER0.5
11.7 EER
11.8 IEER0.1 11.7 EER 12.2 EER
>=135k - <240k11.0 EER
11.2 IEER0.2
11.5 EER
12.0 IEER0.5
11.7 EER
11.8 IEER0.1 11.7 EER 12.2 EER
>=240k - <760k10.0 EER
10.1 IEER0.1
10.0 EER
10.5 IEER0.5
Not defined
---- 10.7 EER 11.0 EER
>=760k9.7 EER
9.8 IEER0.1
9.7 EER
10.2 IEER0.5
Not defined
---- 9.9 EER 10.4 EER
Size Category (Btu/hr)
ASHRAE 90.1-2007 (1/1/2010)
IEER-EER
ASHRAE 189.1-2009
(3/2010)
IEER-EER
ENERGY STAR
(5/1/2010)
IEER-EER
CEE Tier 1
(Current)
CEE Tier 2
(Current)
>=65k - <135k11.2 EER
11.4 IEER0.2
11.5 EER
12.0 IEER0.5
11.7 EER
11.8 IEER0.1 11.7 EER 12.2 EER
>=135k - <240k11.0 EER
11.2 IEER0.2
11.5 EER
12.0 IEER0.5
11.7 EER
11.8 IEER0.1 11.7 EER 12.2 EER
>=240k - <760k10.0 EER
10.1 IEER0.1
10.0 EER
10.5 IEER0.5
Not defined
---- 10.7 EER 11.0 EER
>=760k9.7 EER
9.8 IEER0.1
9.7 EER
10.2 IEER0.5
Not defined
---- 9.9 EER 10.4 EER
RTU Comprehensive Performance Rating (CPR)
ASHRAE Work Statement 1608
Need for better energy representationCPR addresses items not covered by the IEER:
• Economizer function, including dynamic cycling and air stream Interaction
• Improvements to refrigeration system cycling degradation
• Air flow changes or fan cycling during idling
• Evaporative assist, heat recovery, and technologies with interaction of indoor and outdoor air.
• The ability to produce discrete results based on different combinations of outside and indoor load conditions for regional or specific building performance results.
Phases 1 & 2
• Suitable for short-cycle control items• Phase 1: Method of test & simplified bin annual energy
projection• Phase 2: Optimize test requirements and develop profiles
& regional projections
Load-based
Lab Testing
Annual Performance
Projection
Inverse Model of RTU
Performance
OAT DB &
MCWB
Sensible & Latent Space Load
Standard Controls;
Single Setpoints
Regional Bin OAT DB &
MCWB
Space Load
Profiles
Expert Process to find regional loading
probabilities
Phases 3 & 4
• Allow longer time cycle control analysis
• RTU simulation calibration
• Develop real-time emulators
• Regional sample days
• Modeling method to project results
Sensor Lab
Testing
Dynamic Sensor
Emulator
Regional Annual
Performance Projection
Dynamic Inverse Model of RTU/control Performance
Real Time Sample Days
Load-based
RTU Lab Testing
Inverse Model of RTU
Performance
OAT DB & WB -
Range
Sensible, Latent &
Ventilation Space Load
Standard Controls; Variable Setpoints
PC A/D data I/O Interface
Calibrated RTU
Emulator
Building Simulation
Model
TestedPhysical
Controls & Sequences
TMY OAT DB & WB
Space Load
Profiles
Expert Process
Real-time PC RTU Emulator
Four phases of CPR development
The four phases include:• Develop method of test for unitary systems in a constant load
condition using and inverse models for system performance • Develop a performance protocol for using the testing, model,
and projection developed in phase 1 to reflect the load profiles and climatic conditions
• Expand the method of test to include transient load impacting parameters changes in indoor maintained temperature and occupant loading relative to ventilation control. Develop or adapt and calibrate a software unitary system emulator that can be used for testing real-time controls performance impact.
• Further test the method and procedure to verify its repeatability at multiple labs. Develop a protocol for using the testing, model, and emulators to project annual system performance. Develop load profiles and climatic conditions to allow annual regional performance projection.
Rooftop Unit Working Group Time Line
NEEA2002-2004
RTFPhase I
2004
RTFPhase II
2006-2007
RTFPhase III
2009-2010
• Pilot Field Work• Inconclusive savings• Identified potential deadband issues• Not ripe for Market Transformation • Lab Testing
• Limited Field Test• Honeywell Redesign• Develop Protocol to Measure Savings• Scope Next Phase
• Secondary Source Review• Frequency of Problems• Scope Next Phase
• Test Protocol to Measure Savings• Large Field Test• Goal: Prov Deemed, Deemed Calc/MV Protocol• Scope Next Phase
Rooftop Unit Working Group Time Line
RTFPhase IV
2010
RTFPhase V
2011
RTFPhase VI
2012
RTFPhase VII
2013
• Expand collaboration
• Analyzing annual data
• Propose annual savings estimation methodology
• Propose M&V protocol
• Elements of a regional Strategic Plan/Road Map
• Next generation technology
• Recommendation to RTF for Phase V
•
• Lab test on new, sub-performing RTUs
• Embedded RTU performance monitoring/FDD specification
• Implement Roadmap• Modeling protocol resolution• Web-enabled T-stat approach verified• Premium Ventilation research support• Stronger regional/national collaboration
• Deep RTU retrofit program
• New gen evaporative
• Adaptive controls
• ARTU incentivized
Rooftop Unit Working Group Time LineRTF
Phase XXXIII2046
• Refrigeration charge checking eliminated
• Airflow testing eliminated
• Self-replicating neural networks with self-diagnosing, self-regulating, self correcting controls on all units
• Bomb proof economizers/controls
• 3-stage T-stats by code
• 7-10 year maintenance intervals
• HVAC OEM’s required to provide performance guarantee over product life
• Evaporative/hybrids, VRF and ground source heat pumps required by law. New RTU’s illegal…..
Roadmap Starters• Reconciling models with metered results
• Whole building data analysis
• Lower cost field monitoring – field/web
• Premium Ventilation expanded analyses
• Economizer research program -Only 50% of OSA dampers adjusted for higher maximum ventilation airflow could be adjusted to 70% or greater. Many could be adjusted to only 50% or less. - BPA RTU Research Program
• Further testing of web-based performance monitoring/control options
• Improve DOE2/eQUEST RTU calculations
PNW RTU Strategic Map/Road Plan• Elements of an Strategic Plan for Rooftop Unit Efficiency
Development– Goal setting– Leading to deemed savings estimator tool and field EM&V
protocol– Technology improvement– Audience: PNW regional and local, public and investor-owned
energy utility planners, utility EE program designers/implementers, public benefits energy efficiency organizations, the HVAC industry including contractors and equipment OEM’s
– Deliverable: Information/substantiation of the kWh/kW savings potential from new and existing rooftop unit HVAC equipment.
– Communications– Good information/data/analysis
Where Are We Going and Why?• WHAT ARE WE DOING STRATEGICALLY? • What is this about? Research to support EE resource acquisition
only? • Technical understanding/information through
testing/measurement-field& laboratory.• Elements of a SP: facts, allies, good internal communications, silo
busting. • Data repository, communication mechanism, leading edge tech• Increased market knowledge. • Local capacity to do testing of new equipment/components.• Connections with market allies, EE organizations
national/regional/state, various CA org relationships.• Facilitate communication market transformation among parties;
get performance feedback in a variety of ways.
Assessment Criteria• Consistency with goals regional power/conservation plan
including resource acquisition and cost effectiveness• Technology advancement, RDD&Deployment• Operating performance management• O&M&R cost management/Cost of Ownership• GHG management• Efficiency potential kWh/kW/therms• Market response• Market transformation opportunity• Integrated design/optimization • EM&V requirements/potential
Collaborate/Communicate/Educate
• RTUG: http://www.nwcouncil.org/energy/rtf/studies/ongoing/rtug/Default.htm
• BPA E3 ET/R&D: http://www.bpa.gov/energy/n/emerging_technology/index.cfm
• NEEA ET: http://www.nwalliance.org/participate/submit_your_idea.aspx• CA ETCC: http://www.etcc-ca.com/• Western Cooling Efficiency Center: http://wcec.ucdavis.edu/• Western HVAC Performance Alliance: www.performancealliance.org• State Energy Offices• Integrated Design Labs• US DOE --?
Everyone is looking at VRF small/large
Everyone is looking at FDD
Everyone is looking at performance monitoring
NEEA ET Criteria -11. Does the product or service have the potential to save energy
in the Northwest?
2. Can the energy savings be easily measured?
3. Is the product or service commercially available today?
4. Does the product or service have the potential to meet or exceed existing market needs?
5. Is there a compelling market barrier that NEEA can help address? (Is there a research project that would help speed adoption in the Northwest?)
NEEA ET Criteria -2• Product /Service Benefits
- How much energy can be saved and are the savings long-lasting Does the product / service provide non-energy benefits?- Do the energy savings provide a short payback for new construction, retrofit, or natural replacement customers?
• Market Effects- Is the market well defined with market barriers clearly identified?- Does the product provide good geographical coverage throughout the Northwest?- Does the product simplify or minimize changes to the supply chain?Will codes and standards accelerate market adoption in this case?
• Product / Technologies- Is the product clearly and easily defined?- Is there intellectual property that protects the product?- Is the level of technical risk low?
• Funding and Business Planning - Are there multiple funding sources for the product?- Is your company and management team well established and in the market for the long term?- Is NEEA’s requested involvement well defined.
PNW Energy Efficiency Technology Roadmap-1• RD1. Heat recovery optimization routines such that
economizer performance is not impacted.• RD2. Better MTBF information for equipment to inform
predictive maintenance programs and controls.• RD3. More reliable fault detection (FDD) and diagnostics
controls at smaller scale, market.• RD4. More research on neural networks and artificial
intelligence to help inform design of self-healing and learning HVAC controls systems would be useful.
• RD5. Software development to have fully-functional self-diagnosing controls.
• RD6. BPA RTU now testing simple fault detection and diagnostics sequences on RTUs.
• RD. Make ECM motors bigger and do belt drives.
PNW Energy Efficiency Technology Roadmap-2• RD8. Research to reduce maintenance with WCEC, NIST, ETO.
• RD9. Drop-in ECM motors for residential, need furnaces, case studies, savings, etc. - Concept 3?
• RD10. ACRx Sentinel by CEC PIER field study: up-to-date?
• RD11. Reliability of enthalpy controls – underway @ NBI: to be corrected.
• RD12. Condensing gas – pack RTU: NRCAN, CEE.
• RD13. Develop load based lab testing for RTUs (ASHRAE 1608-RTAR).
• RD14. Fault response on compressors related to US companies. RD20. Do field tests to provide feedback in order to help develop more accurate building simulation.
• RD21. Field M&V test for zoning savings to gather data for optimizing design choices for zoning with different heating and cooling systems.
RTUG Futures
RTUG Future• Research: how long, how deep? e.g. fix DOE2
• Future RTU program design?
• Technology advancement?
• West Coast regional collaboration: coop RTU research/cost-sharing, national advocacy?
• National advocacy with AHRI & HVAC OEM’s?
What’s Wrong with this Picture?
W5469 ControllerDamper Actuator
Whiz Bang Digital Sensor – C7660
Does snap disc input rush current burn out the motor prematurely?
Most Common Service Items To Date-BPA • Adjusted thermostat setpoint – 42%
• Added refrigerant charge – 63%
• Adjusted economizer changeover setpoint – 48%
• Cleaned or replaced economizer outside air sensors – 82%
• Adjusted minimum or maximum ventilation airflow – 60%
• Cleaned coils – 100% (required)
• Only 50% of OSA dampers adjusted for higher maximum ventilation airflow could be adjusted to 70% or greater. Many could be adjusted to only 50% or less.
RTU Efficiency Measures That are NOT Measured by Unit EER
• Economizer and damper effectiveness
• Damper seals
• Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV)
• Variable speed fan; low speed during idle
• Ventilation lockout during warm up
ARTU Installation & Checkout Capability• Labels on the suction, discharge, and liquid lines
(for multiple compressors units).
• A high-pressure refrigerant port located on the liquid line. A low-pressure refrigerant port located on the suction line.
• Pressure ports accessible from outside of the condenser fan plenum (where compressors located within the condenser fan plenum).
• Controls to adjust the minimum outside air position accessible with air plenum panels in place.
Advanced Monitoring (Level 2)• (A) - The following sensors permanently installed to
monitor system operation• (B) - controller capable of displaying the value of each
parameter: – Refrigerant suction pressure– Refrigerant suction temperature– Liquid line pressure– Liquid line temperature– Outside air temperature– Outside air relative humidity– Return air temperature– Return air relative humidity– Supply air temperature– Supply air relative humidity
Advanced Diagnostics (Level 2)• Controller will diagnose and send a fault signal for the
following faults: Severe faults: – Failed compressor – Failed evaporator fan motor – Failed evaporator fan belt – Failed condenser fan motor
Degradation faults:– Dirty air filter– Dirty condenser coil– Dirty evaporator coil– Failed relief damper– Non-condensables in refrigeration loop– Restriction in refrigeration loop
Proprietary Electric Motor System
•Much higher performance for nearly same cost
Replaces or simplifies mechanical belts, pulleys and gearboxes
Delivers 2X torque over wider operating range with same size motor
Uses 10 - 20% less electricity
March, 2010
100
Conical hubs
Matching axial field poles
Patented Motor Design
Axial field pole detailed view
NovaTorque Patented Technology
• Axial Motor with Dual Cone-Shaped Rotor– Cone shape concentrates magnetic flux in field poles– Improved linear magnetic path improves efficiency– Simple bobbin winding improves reliability– Axial design easily accommodates copper or aluminum
winding– Better thermal path for heat dissipation
New Motor-NovaTorque
Motor Efficiency at Rated Speed
•
Centrifugal Fan Application
•
Product comparison – 3hp @ 1800
NovaTorque motor General Purpose Induction motor
Motor diameter 167 mm179 mm w/ external fins
200 mm
Frame Size 143T(56 w/ oversize shaft/bearings)
182T
Maximum Speed 2700 rpm 2700 rpm
Motor Weight 52 pounds 69 pounds
Motor Length 301 mm 420 mm
Operating Efficiency Range 90-94% 70-87.5%
Adaptive ECM for Res/Light Comm Retrofit Concept 3 motors should deliver the following savings:
• 50% reduction in fan electrical energy use during heating
• 11% reduction in cooling energy use
• 10% reduction in peak demand
• 80% savings for continuous ventilation applications
Concept 3 Adaptive Controls
• In dry climates, the fan runs at normal cooling speed during the air conditioner cycle, and then runs at very low speed for a time after the compressor turns off to re- evaporate condensate and recover unneeded latent capacity as sensible capacity.
• In humid climates, cooling airflow is reduced to improve dehumidification and the fan is immediately turned off at the end of the air conditioner cycle to reduce condensate re-evaporation.
• In mixed climates, Concept 3 accepts input from a humidistat to operate in dry climate mode during periods of low humidity, and in humid climate mode during periods of high humidity.
Embedded Diagnostics UI
Unit Comfort Alarm
Equipment Safety Alarm
Energy Savings Opportunity
Monitoring System Alarm
Efficiency Index
Potential Annual Savings
Expected Cost
Return on Investment
RTU -1 OK 2 ala rms 1 ala rms OK 83 $940 N/A N/A
RTU -2 OK 2 ala rms 1 ala rms OK 88 $535 N/A N/A
RTU -3 OK 1 ala rms 1 ala rms OK 94 $97 N/A N/A
RTU -4 OK OK 1 ala rms OK N/A N/A N/A N/A
RTU -5 OK 2 ala rms 1 ala rms OK 79 $301 N/A N/A
Top of Form
Copyright 2005 Field Diagnostic Services, Inc. All rights reserved.
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR
EMMS System Operation
110
Service Performance Management
Repairs
Capital Equipment Replacement
Maintenance
Remote Monitoring
Maintenance Vision – Generation 1
Preventative Predictive
Emergency Planned
Qualitative Quantitative
VOC Performance
None •iC3 Sensors•Niagara AX
Real Time Data
•FDSI Insight•Data Analytics
•Niagara AX•Remote HVAC Tech
•FDSI HVAC SAT•Remote HVAC Tech
•FDSI Insight•Industry Expertise
Service Performance Management
Repairs
Capital Equipment Replacement
Maintenance
Remote Monitoring
Maintenance Vision – Generation 2
Predictive Optimized
Planned Minimized
Quantitative Remote Real-Time Quantitative
Performance Intelligence
Real Time Data •“FDSI Inside”•Niagara AX
Fault Diagnostics
•FDSI Insight•System Tuning
•Niagara AX•Remote HVAC Tech
•“FDSI Inside”•Remote HVAC Tech
•FDSI Insight•Industry Expertise
21st Century? Zero Net Energy? CO2?
top related