porcine epidemic diarrhea virus - manitoba pork council
Post on 09-Feb-2022
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PEDV Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
• Is not Zoonotic
•Which means that it does not affect
people or other animals
•Is not a food safety concern
• Is not a new disease
•PEDv looks like TGEv
Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of a disease is the mechanism that causes
the disease. The term can also describe the origin and
development of the disease and whether it is acute, chronic
or recurrent. The types of pathogenesis include microbial
infection, inflammation, malignancy and tissue breakdown.
• Replicates in the enterocytes on villi and the small
intestine.
•Degeneration/necrosis of enterocytes
A)Litter of pigs infected with this virus, showing watery diarrhea and emaciated bodies.
B) Emaciated piglet with yellow, water-like feces.
C)Yellow and white vomitus from sucking piglet.
D)Thin-walled intestinal structure with light yellow water-like content.
E)Congestion in the small intestinal wall and intestinal villi; shedded epithelial cells
from the intestinal villus.
F)Degeneration, necrosis, and shedding/peeling of cells of the intestinal villi
Subtitle
• Bullet
• Bullet
The intestinal villi from a
normal neonatal pig. Note
that the villi are very long
(black arrow) with large
surface area to absorb
nutrients and water. The
crypts are where new cells
are produce which will
eventually slide up and
replace the cells on the villi.
Villi are long, covered with absorptive epithelium
(arrow)
PED infection in a neonatal pig. The brown staining is infected cells lining the
villi in a piglet roughly 8 hours after infection. All of the brown cells will die,
releasing billions of virus particles to infect more cells and more pigs.
Villi are covered with
infected epithelial cells
stained brown
Crypt epithelium is spared and will
be the source of new cell growth
Growing Pigs
• –Extensive necrosis of back muscles.
• –Microscopically, villi in the small intestine
of piglets are atrophic (degeneration/decrease).
• Atrophic=A wasting away of the body, from
the defective nutrition.
Gross Signs Growing and Breeding Swine
Gross Signs Growing and Breeding Swine
•Feeders, finishers and adult swine have
–Diarrhea; much more subtle than TGE
–May move more slowly than TGE
–Low prevalence of vomiting
–Depression
–Anorexia
–Signs of abdominal pain
Sows
–Severe Diarrhea
•Morbidity may be high; affected animals are quite sick
•Mortality is rare; occasional sudden death
•
Clinical Signs – Sows Sows were fevered, lethargic and scouring
during late gestation or 2-3 days before
farrowing
• Bullet
• Bullet
Risks Of Introduction Herd or System
• Transportation
•Dead Removal/Disposal
• Gilts
•People
•Feed
•Supplies
Cross Contamination Fecal Mater-Risk Areas Transportation
• Highest risk activity for movement of PED
• From processing and cull buying stations back to sites
• Truck
• Trailer
• Fomites (object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms,
such as germs or parasites, and hence transferring them from one individual
to another. Skin cells, hair, clothing, and bedding are common hospital
sources of contamination.)
– Boots, clothing sort panes, transporter
– Mortality disposal-rendering
– Contract Washers, Manure pumpers
Risk Reduction of Fecal-Oral Spread
Transportation
Dedicated Trailers
• Cull sows
• Market pigs
• Premarket pigs
• weaners
Virus
• Virus is heat sensitive
– Any thermal processing method is going to reduce
infectivity such as pelleting.
– Sensitive to drying
Reduce the Risk of Fecal-Oral Spread
Transportation
1. All trailers are washed after movement
2. Wash, dry, disinfect all transport
3. Dry-increase temperatures to 140 degrees F
for 20 minutes
4. Survives at 122 degrees F but not 140 degrees
Reduce the Risk of Fecal-Oral Spread
Transportation
• Truck wash sanitation
– 3rd party audits truck wash
– Trailer inspection with Pass/Fail
– Wash floor between trailers
• Disinfect at end of day and dry
• Boots, clothing, hose, wand sanitation
• Transporter’s cab and supplies inspected
Reduce the Risk of Fecal-Oral Spread
Loading/Unloading Staff
Loading
– Establish a clean/dirty line from barn to the chute.
– Dedicated boots and coveralls in chute area
– Use plastic boots
After Completion of Load
- Wash and disinfect the chute
Reduce the Risk of Fecal-Oral Spread
Dead Disposal • Review disposal procedures
• Rendering
• Risky activity
• No cross over traffic
• Separate drive ways
• Moves off site
• Equipment to transport dead pigs is washed after dropping at rendering
site.
Reduce the Risk of Fecal-Oral Spread
Isolation/Quarantine
• All replacement gilts are quarantined a
minimum of 28 days
• Careful observation of signs of diarrhea
– Diagnostics testing performed if any signs of
observed.
Feedback Material Formulation
• Piglet age not more than 5 days
• Only small intestine
• Take out put in plastic bag KEEP ON ICE
• 1 set of intestine per 10 sows
• 1 set per 250 ml fresh milk or Non chlorine
water
Results
• Diarrhea and mortality were not prevented in
litter of sows that received “feedback 1-2”
weeks before farrowing.
• Antibiotics, electrolytes, sow milk replacer and
colostrum replacer were of no help in
controlling PED
What to do now
• Breed to Wean
– Walk rows twice a day
– Mark each sow when clinical signs appear
(diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, fever)
What to do now
• Wean to finish
-Walk barns and pens twice a day
-Mark each animal when clinical signs appear
(diarrhea)
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