portable computers unit objectives: identify and install notebook components configure your mobile...
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Portable computers
Unit objectives: Identify and install notebook
components Configure your mobile computer Replace components in notebook
computers and handheld devices Troubleshoot and maintain notebook
components
Topic A
Topic A: Notebook computers Topic B: Configuration Topic C: Component replacement Topic D: Notebook issues
Notebook computer
Small size Light weight Standard client operation system Components modified from desktop
Touchpad
Keyboard
Monitor
Typical notebook components
CPU Memory Hard drive CD or DVD drive Monitor Keyboard Pointing device Network adapter Modem Peripheral ports One or more slots for expansion cards
Notebooks
Not as easy to upgrade as desktops Little compatibility between
manufacturers or within a manufacturer’s own lines
Typically more expensive than desktops
Designed to be small, lightweight, and portable
Secure with a cable lock
Netbooks
Subcompact notebooks Smaller than regular notebooks Designed for wireless Internet use Lower processing power and storage
capacity Easy to travel with Run variety of
operating systems
Notebook batteries
Vary in size and shape Provide 30 minutes to 8 hours of
power
Battery types
Nickel cadmium (NiCad) Nickel metal-hydride (NiMH) Lithium-ion (Li-Ion) Zinc air Fuel cell
Power adapters
External power cord and transformer Automatically switches power Power cord recharges the battery 12-volt power adapters available
Computer plug TransformerOutlet plug
Power indicator lights
Solid light Solid alternate-color light Blinking light
Auto-switching
Automatically switch between battery and AC power
AC power supply connected, notebook runs on external power
No AC power supply connected, notebook runs on battery– Runs on battery until fully discharged or
connected to AC power supply
OS monitors battery power and displays low-battery warnings
Notebook processors
Engineered to:– Use less power– Generate less heat
For up-to-date specs refer to manufacturers’ Web sites:– http://www.amd.com/us/products/notebook/
processors/Pages/notebook-processors.aspx – http://www.intel.com/products/laptop/
processors/index.htm NOTEBOOKCHECK Web site
maintains CPU benchmarks for mobile processors
continued
Notebook processors, continued
Heat dissipation Power management
– ACPI Sleep Hibernate Standby
– Wireless network connectivity
Notebook memory
SODIMM– Approx. half size of regular DIMM– 6.76 cm x 3.015 cm– 72, 100, 144, 200 or 204 pins
MicroDIMM– Smaller than SODIMM– 4.25 cm x 2.5 cm– 5.4 cm x 3.0 cm– 144, 172, 214 pins
Notebook drives
Hard drive DVD or CD drive Typically no floppy DVD/CD drive might be RW Hard drive
– Size: typically smaller than desktop– Small form factor: 2.5" drive– Uses less power than desktop drive– Often slower than desktop drive
Notebook keyboard
Numeric keypadshares the letter keys
Function keys havespecial functions, accessed with Fn key
LCD monitors
LCD technology– Uses less power – Generates less heat – Takes up less space– Produces less glare
Three types of LCD technology– Transmissive – Reflective – Transflective
Native resolutions
XGA SXGA UXGA WXGA+ WSXGA+ WUXGA Active matrix technology used to
provide highest resolution available
Notebook pointing devices
Integrated pointing devices– Middle of keyboard– Below keys
Types– Small pointer (like a joystick) with
separate buttons; below Spacebar– Trackball– Touchpad
Touchpad
Glide surface
Left button
Right button
Handwriting technology
Write letters and numbers on the monitor screen
Use a stylus Program interprets characters for use
in applications Used on tablet PCs
Notebook peripheral ports
USB and IEEE 1394 ports VGA, DVI, HDMI ports Memory card readers PS/2 ports and S-Video
Volume controls
Line outMicrophone port
Mute button
Microphone port
Mute button
Volume controls
Mute button
Volume controls
Mute button
Line out
Volume controls
Mute button
Line out
Volume controls
Mute button
Activity A-1
Identifying the components and integrated peripherals in a notebook
Wireless communication
Use to link devices:– PCs– Handheld computers– Music players
Methods:– Infrared light– Radio waves– Bluetooth
Infrared
Pulses of infrared light Up to 16 Mbps 1 meter range Direct line of sight No more than a 30-degree angle
IrDA port
Radio
Modulated signals sent over radio waves
Not line-of-sight Technologies with varying features
– 802.11n — Theoretical max. 300 Mbps; real-world speeds 100-140 Mbps
– 802.11g — Theoretical max. 54 Mbps; real-world speeds 22-24 Mbps
RF = radio frequency– Uses antenna; sometimes hidden in case
802.11n wireless router
Bluetooth
Short-range radio (10 meters) Auto-discovery Self-configuring devices Includes an antenna, often hidden
inside device Cell phones, PDAs, music players,
etc.
Network connections
Ethernet– Most popular form of LAN – Good balance between ease of setup
and use, speed, and cost
Wireless– Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) – WiMAX (IEEE 802.16 Air Interface
Standard) – Cellular WAN– Bluetooth– 802.11a
Switches for wireless antenna
Electrical switch
Mechanical switch
Activity A-2
Comparing wireless networking standards
Topic B
Topic A: Notebook computers Topic B: Configuration Topic C: Component replacement Topic D: Notebook issues
Windows Mobility Center
Windows 7 and Windows Vista Contains tiles that link to different
utilities Provides a central location for
configuration Available on mobile PCs (including
tablet PCs) Tiles vary by manufacturer
Windows Mobility Center
Windows Mobility Center
Display brightness Volume Battery status Wireless networking status Screen orientation (important for tablet
PCs) External display Sync Center Presentation settings
Activity B-1
Using the Windows Mobility Center
Power-saving modes
Standby Sleep Hibernation
Sleeping and hibernating notebooks
1. Open the Control Panel
2. Click Hardware and Sound
3. Under Power Options, click “Change what the power buttons do”
4. Select the actions you want taken when you close the lid or press the power button
5. Click “Save changes”
Selecting a power plan
Power plans
Predefined:– Balanced– Power saver– High performance
Customize– Predefined plan– Unique custom plan
Activity B-2
Putting a notebook into hibernate and sleep modes
Topic C
Topic A: Notebook computers Topic B: Configuration Topic C: Component replacement Topic D: Notebook issues
Replacing components
Refer to manufacturer’s documentation to find panels or slots
Document and label screw locations Organize parts Use appropriate hand tools
Hot-swappable components
Can be added or removed without turning the computer off
Technologies include:– PCMCIA– USB– IEEE 1394– Fibre Channel – Serial ATA
Supported in Windows and Linux
PC Card types
Type I — 3.3 mm thick Type II — 5 mm thick Type III — 10.5 mm thick Type IV — 16 mm thick; not part of the
PCMCIA standards
Type II PC Card
Bus connections
CardBus Zoomed Video eXecute In Place ExpressCard
Inserting and removing PC cards
Inserting– Insert straight into slot– Pins connect in back of slot
Removing– Stop services by using Safely Remove
Hardware icon– Press Eject button– Card pops out of slot
Card and socket services
Metaformat or Card Information Structure
Card Services Socket Services
Safely Remove Hardware
Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media
Activity C-1
Adding and removing hot-swappable components
Non-hot-swappable components
Require computer to be shut down Referred to as “coldplug” Often internal components
– Memory– Hard disk
Unplug the system and remove the battery
Always follow ESD precautions
Mini PCI card
Same functionality as PCI card, but smaller format
Installed inside notebook
Mini PCI card
Mini PCIe cards
Replacing the mini PCI card on mini-ITX system boards
Smaller than mini PCI card by approximately half– 30 mm x 51 mm
52-pin edge connector System board mini PCIe slot must
support both ExpressCard and USB 2.0
Mini PCIe card
Upgrading memory
Location in notebook varies by model and manufacturer
Most modern notebooks use standard memory modules
Some notebooks use proprietary memory
When upgrading, consider shared video memory
Configure shared memory in BIOS
Removing the hard drive
Screws
Text
Hard drive
Swapping a removable drive
Some notebooks allow user to exchange CD or DVD drive with floppy or other drive
Press release lever or button to eject drive
Might be able to connect floppy drive externally through USB port
Keyboard1. Remove any screws holding bottom cover in
place.2. Remove cover.3. Disconnect connectors that connect the
keyboard cables to system board.4. If keyboard held in by screws, remove the
screws.If held in by plastic snaps, gently pry up the edge of the keyboard using a flat-head screwdriver. Lift the keyboard up and out.
5. Gently lift keyboard out.6. Gently place new keyboard in place of old one.7. Connect keyboard cables to system board.8. Replace bottom cover and reinsert any screws.9. Replace battery and, if desired, reconnect
notebook to external power source.
LCD panel and video inverter card
Video inverter card – interface between LCD panel and system board
If LCD monitor is dim – replace video inverter card
If LCD is black – connect external monitor to notebook– External display works, LCD does not –
replace LCD panel assembly– External display doesn’t work – replace
video adapter card
Disassembling an LCD panel
1. Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery.
2. If necessary for your notebook, remove the keyboard.
3. If necessary for your notebook, remove screws in the back of the notebook to release the hinge assembly.
4. Remove the hinge covers. These are typically plastic, so be careful not to snap them.
5. Lift the cover off the notebook. As you do so, disconnect any wires or cables that connect the LCD panel to the system board.
continued
Disassembling an LCD panel, continued
6. Remove the screws that hold the LCD panel in the notebook’s top cover.
7. Remove the front bezel and rear cover from the LCD panel.
8. Remove the video inverter card.
9. Reverse the steps to reassemble and reattach the top with a new LCD panel, video inverter card, or both.
10. Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.
Other components
Processor Heat sink Fan System board CMOS battery Touchpad or other pointing device Speakers Web camera Plastics
Processor, heat sink, fan
1. If replacing the processor, update the BIOS. Manufacturers often update their firmware to support newer processors.
2. Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery.
3. Follow the manufacturer’s directions to remove the hinges, bottom cover plate, and keyboard.
4. Detach the LCD assembly from the bottom.5. Remove the plate or shell covering the
internal components. This is also referred to as the motherboard cover.
continued
Processor, heat sink, fan, continued
6. In some notebook computers, you might need to remove another component, such as the graphics card assembly, to gain access to the processor underneath.
7. Remove the heat sink. (Sometimes the fan and the heat sink will be part of the same cooling assembly.)
8. Unplug and detach the fan. 9. Following the manufacturer’s directions,
remove the processor. Some processors have a locking screw, some a locking bar.
10.Remove any thermal compound residue from the bottom of the heat sink and processor (if not replacing the processor).
continued
Processor, heat sink, fan, continued
11.Apply a thin layer of thermal compound and insert the new processor.
12.Reattach and plug in the original or a new system fan.
13.Reattach the original or a new heat sink (if not part of the same cooling assembly as the fan.)
14.Reassemble the notebook reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point.
15.Replace the battery and if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.
System board
1. Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery.
2. Remove the hard drive, optical drive, and memory.
3. Follow the manufacturer’s directions to remove the hinges, bottom cover plate, and keyboard.
4. Detach the LCD display assembly from the bottom.
5. Remove the plate or shell covering the internal components.
continued
System board, continued
6. Carefully remove the internal components attached to the system board. Components to remove might include the heat sink, fan, wireless networking adapter, modem, touchpad or other pointing device, and processor.
7. Carefully remove the system board from the notebook. It might be held in place by plastic clips or screws.
8. Place the new system board in the computer, carefully lining up the cutouts for side ports, such as USB.
9. Replace the processor, remembering to remove any old thermal compound and to add new.
continued
System board, continued
10.Replace the internal components that were attached to the system board.
11.Reassemble the notebook, reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point.
12.Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.
CMOS battery1. Disconnect the notebook from any external
power source and remove the battery.
2. Follow the steps to remove the keyboard.
3. Remove the plate or shell covering the internal components.
4. Locate the CMOS battery on the system board.
5. Remove the battery. In some notebook computers, it is held in place with clips. In others, the battery is encased in plastic, connected to wires and a connector, and then plugged into the motherboard.
continued
CMOS battery, continued6. Reassemble the notebook.
7. Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.
8. Turn on the computer and enter the CMOS utility.
9. Enter the BIOS settings.
10.Save settings and restart.
Pointing device
1. Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery.
2. Follow the steps to disassemble the bottom of the notebook where the system board is located.
3. Disconnect the pointing device’s cables. Make sure to label the cables, so you know where to reattach cables for the right and left mouse buttons.
4. Carefully remove the old pointing device.
5. Insert a new pointing device in its place.
continued
Pointing device, continued
6. Reattach the cables.
7. Reassemble the notebook, reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point.
8. Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.
Speakers
1. Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery.
2. Follow the steps to disassemble either the top cover of the noteboo,k where the LCD screen is located, or the bottom of the notebook, where the system board is located.
3. Locate the speakers (in newer laptops that play stereo sound, there is typically a right and a left speaker) and gently lift them out, disconnecting the cables.
continued
Speakers, continued
4. Connect the cables for the new speakers and place the speakers in their proper location.
5. Reassemble the notebook, reversing the steps you took to disassemble it to this point.
6. Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.
Web camera
1. Disconnect the notebook from any external power source and remove the battery.
2. Remove the front bezel from the display panel. Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation for the exact steps to do this.
3. Carefully remove the Web camera, disconnecting its cable.
continued
Web camera, continued
4. Insert a new camera and connect its cable.
5. Replace the front bezel.
6. Replace the battery and, if desired, reconnect the notebook to an external power source.
Activity C-2
Replacing an internal component in a notebook
Peripherals
USB ports Parallel port VGA port PS/2 ports S-Video port
Activity C-3
Adding peripherals
Desktop features
Peripheral ports on notebook Port replicator
– Ports only, no slots, no drives
Docking station– Ports– Slots for desktop cards– Bays for drives
Port replicator
Front view: Notebook connector
Rear view: Peripheral ports
Activity C-4
Docking and undocking a notebook
Topic D
Topic A: Notebook computers Topic B: Configuration Topic C: Component replacement Topic D: Notebook issues
Notebook computer issues
Inadvertent physical damage and spills Keyboards Pointing devices Stylus External peripherals aren’t working Overheating Added components not recognized Display Wireless antenna Wireless device not responding
Activity D-1
Troubleshooting notebook problems
Power issues
Rechargeable batteries wear out– Verify replacement battery is compatible
Battery indicator– Use software
to configure power options
Power-related measurements
Voltage Amperage Polarity Volts Amps = Watts
Replacing the battery
Necessary if – Mobile for long periods of time– Battery is no longer good
Battery compartment typically on bottom of notebook– Has slider or button to “pop out” battery– Not held in with screws or other holders
that require tools
Troubleshooting power problems
Check the notebook’s power status lights
Use a multimeter Swap the AC adapter Replace the battery
Power issues with handhelds
Replace or recharge batteries Back up data onto PC Can lose device settings
– Reset calibration and customized settings
Activity D-2
Identifying power problems
Maintenance
1. Clean the exterior case
2. Clean the touchpad
3. Keep the fan openings and ventilation holes clear
4. Blow out dust and other materials from sensitive components
5. Clean the monitor
6. Remove dust, crumbs, and dirt from between keyboard keys
7. Clean the CD or DVD-ROM drive
Activity D-3
Maintaining a notebook
Operating environment
50% humidity Temperature to keep components cool Low dust
Transporting a notebook
Specially designed padded case Properly pack to ship
1. Place bubble wrap around the laptop
2. Choose a box that allows at least 2" air gap between laptop and box top, bottom, and sides
3. Fill air gap with packing popcorn, bubble wrap, or other protective material
4. Use strapping tape to secure box flaps closed
5. Ship through a carrier that offers insurance and delivery confirmation
Unit summary
Identified and installed notebook components
Configured your mobile computer Replaced components in notebook
computers and handheld devices Resolved issues with, and maintained,
notebook components
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