potential of palm oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production
Post on 18-Jul-2015
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Prof. Ferial Zaher
National Research Centre Fats and Oils Dept.
World energy crisis and its reasons Reasons of Increased consumption rate of Energy Impact of increased connsumption of fossil
fuels Biofuels are the ideal substitute of fossil fuels Feedstock for production of biofuel Palm oil as one of the feedstocks for biofuel
production Worldwide palm oil production Results of a research work done in the fats and
oils department on palm oil as biodiesel.
Increase of Consmption
Rate of Energy
Decrease in Natural
Fuel Resources
Rate of energy consumption= world populationx consumption rate per
capita
& Increase of
world population
Increase of average
consumption rate per capita
Disappearance of large areas of land on the earth in
the expected future
Partial melting of the ice mountains at the north pole of the earth
Increase of the earth temperature
Increased emission of carbon dioxide
Forest fires Storms
Soil dryness
Other environmental changes due to increase in global temperature
Renewable and sustainable
Environmentally friendly
Decrease carbon dioxide
emissions
Main source is plants
Cellulosic substance for bioethanol
production
Oils for biodiesel and biojet production
Feedstock for Biodiesel Production
Jatropha
Castor beans
Oil Comparison of Major Oil Seeds
Worldwide Palm Oil Production
Results of a research work done in the fats and oils dept. on palm oil biodiesel
Zaher et al(2015) Experiment
Method
Regular diesel
Palm oil biodiesel
Density, @ 15.56 oC Specific Gravity API gravity @ 60 oF
ASTMD-1298
0.8543 0.8551 33.97
0.8700 0.8709 30.98
Kinematic visc, cSt, @ 40 oC ASTM D-445 2.64 3.73 Pour point, oC ASTM D-97 3 -3 Total Sulphur, wt % ASTM D-4294 0.68 Nil
Ash content, wt% ASTM D-482 0.006 Nil Carbon residue, wt% ASTM D-189 0.016 Nil
Cetane index ASTM D-976 47 34 Flash point, oC ASTM D-93 88 103 Gross Calorific value cal/g Net Calorific value cal/g ASTM D-224 11357
10741 8968 8364
Brake power (KW) 0 1.9 5.2 8.5 9.8 Indicated power (KW) 5.5 7.4 10.7 14.0 15.3 Mechanical efficiency (%) 0 26.3 48.7 60.7 64.1 BSFC (gm/Kw.hr) -- 762.8 396.6 332.8 268.9 ISFC (gm/Kw.hr) 203.9 200.8 193.5 202.2 172.4 BMEP (Kpa) 0 97.6 260.2 422.9 488.0 IMEP (Kpa) 273.2 370.8 533.4 696.1 761.2 Brake thermal efficiency (%) 0 11.2 21.6 25.7 31.8 Indicated thermal efficiency (%) 42.0 42.6 44.2 42.3 49.7 A/F ratio 55.5 41.5 29.9 21.9 23.5 Volumetric efficiency (%) 74.6 74.6 74.6 74.6 74.6 Exhaust gas loss (%) 12.1 12.2 14.5 15.2 18.8 Cooling water & unaccounted losses (%) 87.8 76.5 63.8 59.0 49.2
1st run 2nd run 3rd run 4th run 5th run Brake power (KW) 0 1.9 5.2 8.5 9.8 Indicated power (KW) 5.8 7.8 11.1 14.3 15.6 Mechanical efficiency (%) 0 25.1 47.1 59.2 62.6 BSFC (gm/Kw.hr) -- 642.8 352.7 291.8 285.6 ISFC (gm/Kw.hr) 184.5 161.2 166.4 172.7 178.8 BMEP (Kpa) 0 97.6 260.3 422.9 488.0 IMEP (Kpa) 291.4 389.0 551.7 714.3 779.4 Brake thermal efficiency (%)
0 13.3 24.3 29.3 30.0
Indicated thermal efficiency (%)
46.4 53.1 51.5 49.6 47.9
A/F ratio 54.9 47.0 32.1 23.9 21.1 Volumetric efficiency (%) 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 Exhaust gas loss (%) 15.2 20.0 22.33 17.5 19.7 Cooling water & unaccounted losses (%)
84.7 66.6 53.3 53.0 50.2
Palm oil biodiesel is advantageous over regular diesel in six points being:
1-Free of sulfur(less environmental pollution) 2-Has lower pour point(ease of handling in cold
weather) 3-Has higher flash point(safer) 4-No ashes are left after combustion(less wear of
engine parts) 5- No residual carbon(less coking deposits in
valves and piston) 6-The brake thermal efficiency of the engine
improves by blending biodiesel with regular diesel fuel(better engine performance)
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