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Post on 28-Jul-2018
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Historians
like to say
History is
what they
say it is …
But the fact is that History is
what people believe it is
And most of the world’s
people believe that the
Romans “exiled” the Jews
from Israel in 135
And that they didn’t “return”
for almost 2000 years
As The New York Times put it,
citing Arafat,
there’s a genuine
question whether
“the idea of a Jewish
origin in Jerusalem is a myth used
to justify conquest and occupation”
The mainstream media tells the world, day after day, that
Jews are “settlers”
in the “occupied territories”
of “the West Bank”
and “East” Jerusalem
It’s time for we Jews to tell the world
The Jewish people has lived in
the Land of Israel for 3,200 years
We’re not “settlers” in Judea,
Samaria and Jerusalem
The Land of Israel is the
Jewish National Home
Canaanite Nomads Canaanite Farmers Israelite Conquest
They disagree how they got there, but
agree 12th century BCE in the hills
How do we know they were Israelites?
* 1210 BCE Egyptian stele
mentioning “Israel”
* Continued and grew
uninterrupted into the monarchy
* Characteristic pottery, house
form
Elah fortress on Philistine border, dated to time of David, maybe Saul
© Foundation Stone, all rights reserved
* massive construction
* unique second gate
* earliest Hebrew
writing ever discovered
= substantial 10th
century BCE Jerusalem-
based kingdom?
* Moabite stele (also “House of David”?)
* Hazael stele (“House of David”)
* Assyrian dark stone “Monolith Inscription”
“2000 chariots, 10,000 foot soldiers of Ahab the Israelite”
Israel’s enemies’ inscriptions
Hezekiahs’s tunnel
& inscription
Wherefore, Hadrian, in writing to the Senate, would not use the Emperor’s wonted
opening form of words: ‘I and the army are well.’” - Dio Cassius
The final
Bar-Kochba
Revolt
What evidence do we have that the
Romans did not exile the Jews?
Mishna, Pales-tinian Talmud
Roman-Byzantine era synagogues
Patriarch
614 Persian invasion
Bahat’s list of 9th century Palestine Jewish communities and cities with Jewish
communities of which we have evidence today:
Akhziv Kabrata Mafshata Kfar Bar’am
Gush Halav Elkosh Sulsaf Dalton
Kfar Sima’el Meron Shazor Kfar Nahum
Kfar Neborya Zefat Yanuh Beit Dagan
Parod Akhbari Akko Sha’ab
Ma’ariya Kfar Hannanya Chorzin Kabul
Zalmon Hurok Mimlah Migdol Nunia
Kfar Hittin Kfar Tamrata Kfar Sakhney Evlayim
Kfar Mandi Kfar Nimra Arbel Mashkana
Rimon Shefar’am Tiberias Beit Me’on
Kfar Manor Sargonia Adami Lubaei
Ardascus Zippori Kann’a Tiv’on
Aithalo Simoniya Nazareth Kfar Agon
Gevat Yafi’a Daverat Ginnegar
A millennium later, we know where they lived
Shunem Tarbenet Gebal Kokhav
Beit She’an Asher Kfar Saba Kfar Kasem
Bnei Barak Ono Kfar Pegai Shilo
Tur Shim’on Lod Hadid Gophna
Modi’in Beit-El Gimzo Yafo
Dorin Kharruba Beit Horon Mikhmas
Jericho Yavne Emmaus Ekron
Ashdod Jerusalem Beithar Bethlehem
Ashkelon eit Guvrin Beror Hayil Gaza
Yutta Ein Gedi Eshtomo’a Carmel
Ma-on
This in a place the size of New Jersey
a millennium ago.
The Crusaders wrote that “Turk, Arab and Jew” confronted them at Jerusalem, of whom
“the Jew is the last to fall.”
Albert of Aachen: “And the city of Haifa . . .
which the Jews defended with great courage
[for a month]”
1719 French priest: “… for a long time it
[Haifa] withstood the mighty onslaught of the
Prince Tancred, who attacked it from the sea
and also from the land, with the help of the
Venetians. Although the Jews fought with
courage, they were overcome by the might of
the invaders.”
Archeologist Dan Bahat, The Forgotten
Generations (pp. 36-37):
And not just in Jerusalem . . .
Prof Dinur:
“Apart from a few places in the south, we have no information about Jewish
participation in the defense of other Palestinian towns; but there is no reason to
suppose that Jerusalem and Haifa were exceptional places.”
• Contemporary Jewish account [“dirge’] on destruction of Jewish communities of
Jaffa, Ono, Lydda, Hebron, Usafiya on Mt. Carmel and Haifa. Last few lines missing.
- Dinur
And not just in Jerusalem and Haifa …
Crusader era personalities remembered by history:
“[Jerusalem] contains a numerous
population, composed of Jacobites,
Armenians, Greeks, Georgians,
Franks, and indeed people of all
tongues . . . . [including Jews] two
hundred of whom dwell in one corner
of the city, under the Tower of David.”
Anglo-Saxon pilgrim Saewulf:
“On this side of Jordan is the
region called Judea.”
•Asian and Mongol invaders came in Crusaders’
wake.
• Then Mamluks [Mamlukes] ruled Palestine
1260-1517.
•The Who?
• Non-Arab Turks, Circassians from Caucusus
• Ruled from Turkey, then Egypt
• Used Turk and Circassian mercenaries
• Treated all as conquered subjects
The Mamluks (1260 – 1517)
Mamluk Era Yishuv in Jerusalem1335 – Italian monk from Verona: “… a long-established Jewish community at the foot
of Mount Zion in the area known as the Jewish Quarter”
1338 – visitor Isaac ibn Chelo: “… students of medicine, astronomy and mathematics,
…some excellent Jewish calligraphers in the city” [showing “secular as well as religious
scholarship” – Tal]
1428 – Attempt to buy Mt Zion building blocked by Pope
1438 – Italian rabbi became spiritual leader
1440 – Mamluk tax on Jerusalem Jews, many left
1470 – 150 Jewish families in Jerusalem
1474 – Mamluks destroy synagogues, extort for street, gate
1480 – Monk writes of Jews in Jerusalem
1481 – Jewish visitor writes of community
1483 – Travelers report Jews in Jerusalem
1484 – Monk writes again of Jews in Jerusalem
1495 – Inquisition, lifting of Italian ban, 200 new families
1496 – Muslim book: destruction, rebuilding of synagogue
1497 – Christian traveler: “In Jerusalem dwell many Jews”
1499 – Christian traveler: “Very many Jews in Jerusalem”
1488 – Rabbi Ovadiah of Bertinoro leader
1491- Christian pilgrim: “Not many Christians, but many
Jews” in Jerusalem “refuse to leave,” consider country
their land”
Safad and Galilee Villages
1500’s – knitters, dyers,
weavers, merchants, smiths
Cabala, Shulhan Aruch,
Hebrew printing press,
synagogues still in use
Huge khan for 100 families,
1575 – deport “1000 wealthy
Jews and families” to Cyprus
1600’s & 1700’s – continued
reports of Jews in Safad
c. 1750 – synagogues increased
from 11 to 30
c. 1810 – largest Safad quarter
exclusively Jews
1560’s – Donna Grazia Mendez and Don
Joseph Nasi
1600 – English priest: “entirely occupied by
Jews”
1660 – Razed by Bedouins and Druze
1742 – Jewish community returned
1817 – English traveler: “2/3 of 4000”
population are Jews
Tiberias and Hebron
* Parkes: “with the constant repression of
local rulers and Bedouin tribes, though never
wiped out . . . Never succeeded in becoming
prosperous.”
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1838 1872 1899 1948 1990
Jews
Chrstns
Muslims
Jews, Christians and Muslims as % of Jerusalem Pop.
1855 – Miskenot Shananim (Moses Montefiore,
Judah Touro), Mahane Israel, Nahlat Shiva, Mea
She’arim followed, Yemin Moshe 1894 – breakout
from Old City walls
1870 – Mikveh Israel near Jaffa, 1st modern
agricultural school
1870 – village of Motza, near Jerusalem
1878 – Petah Tikva, “mother of agricultural
settlements”
19th century Revival of the Yishuv
1880s – beginnings of Zionist settlement
1897 – Herzl’s First Zionist Congress in Basel
“In every age it has been the
presence, beacon, magnet of the
Yishuv, at times diminished to a
pummeled minor minority, that has
made the millennia-long return of
countless generations of Jews
possible, even thinkable, and
formed the continuous generational
link between ancient Israelites and
Israelis today.”
Here’s the conclusion of my book, Israel 3000 Years:
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