power presentations chapter 31
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Power PresentationsCHAPTER 31
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Citizenship
It is the evening of August 8, 1974. You are watching television when your favorite program is interrupted by a speech from President Richard M. Nixon. Looking grim and tired, Nixon says that he will resign the next day. You wonder how the country will cope with the crisis.
How is America able tosurvive a crisis and move on?
• What happens when a president resignsfrom office? Has a president resigned before?
• How has the government functionedwhen a president has died?
• What other crises has the country faced?
To World
1980 Ronald Reagan is elected president.
1976 The U.S. celebrates its bicentennial.Jimmy Carter is elected president.
1974 Nixon resigns.Gerald Ford becomes president.
1972 Watergate break-in occurs.Nixon is reelected.
Image1969 Richard M. Nixon isinaugurated as president.U.S. astronauts land on moon.
Back to Home Back to U.S.
1981 American hostages are released by Iran.
1979 Americans are taken hostage in Iran. Soviet Union invades Afghanistan.
1978 Camp David Accords are signed.
1975 South Vietnam surrenders to North Vietnam.
1973 U.S. involvement in Vietnam War ends. Military overthrows government of Chile.
1971 General Idi Amin seizes power in Uganda.1970 Anwar el-Sadat becomes president of Egypt.1969 Golda Meir becomes prime minister of Israel.
Main Idea
Why It Matters Now
President Richard M. Nixon faced the challenge of governing a deeply divided America.
Social, economic, and political divisions are still a part of American life.
What problems did President Nixon face during his first term?
inflation
racial problems
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protests over the Vietnam War
recession
unemployment
crime
Cold War tensions
PROBLEMS NIXON FACED DURING HIS
FIRST TERM
• How did Nixon try to show support for law-and-order politics?
• What economic problems developed during Nixon’s first term as president?
• How did Nixon change the country’s relationship with China? With Russia?
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Making Inferences
Nixon often surprised Americans in the policies that he supported. Which do you think was most surprising? Why?
Think About• his economic policies, such as deficit spending• his appointment of conservative justices• the policy of détente
Main Idea
Why It Matters Now
Nixon’s involvement in the Watergate scandal caused a political crisis that forced him to resign.
Watergate led many Americans to have less confidence in government and politicians.
What were the major events of the Watergate scandal?
June 1972 Watergate break-in
February 1973 Senate begins investigation
March 1973 John Dean testifies before Senate
January 1974 House Judiciary Committee begins impeachment hearings
July 1973 Taping in White House made public
August 1974 Nixon resigns
July 1974 Judiciary Committee votes to impeach Nixon
• Why did Nixon want a big win in the 1972 election?
• What kinds of illegal activities was Nixoninvolved with in the Watergate scandal?
• What was the outcome of the Watergate scandal?
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Forming and Supporting Opinions
What do you think would have happened if President Nixon had apologized for Watergate rather than trying to cover it up?
Think About• when the break-in occurred• how the nation reacted to past scandals
Main Idea
Why It Matters Now
Presidents Ford and Carter had a difficult time solving the nation’s problems after Watergate.
These problems helped lead to a conservative mood in the United States.
What were the high and low points of the Ford and Carter presidencies?
PRESIDENCY HIGHS LOWSGerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
succession to presidency; negotiation of Helsinki Accords
election as president; negotiation of Panama Canal, Treaties and Camp David Accords
pardon of Nixon,failure of WIN program,loss in 1976
clashes with Congress,Iran hostage crisis,loss in 1980
• Why did Carter win the 1976 election over Ford?
• What were some problems related to energy use that occurred during Carter’s term?
• What progress did the environmental movement make during the 1960s and the 1970s?
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Comparing
How would you compare the strengths and weaknesses of Ford and Carter? Use events from their presidencies to support your answer.
Think About• actions each took to draw Americans together• response to economic and foreign policy issues
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES
1 What kinds of government programs did Nixon propose to deal with America’s social problems?
2 How did Nixon try to promote “law and order”?
3 What were the economic problems Nixon faced?
4 How was Nixon’s foreign policy toward China different from that of previous presidents?
5 What were the chief causes of the Watergate scandal?
6 What did reporters and others find when they lookeddeeply into the Watergate burglary?
7 What were the events that caused Nixon to resign?
8 What were the main reasons people did not vote for Gerald Ford in the 1976 election?
9 What successes did Carter have with foreign policy and what problems did he have at home?
10 What appealed to voters about Ronald Reagan in the1980 election?
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PRESIDENT ISSUES AND EVENTSRichard Nixon
Gerald Ford
elected with conservative support; cuts Great Society programs; supports revenue sharing; promises to end social unrest; fights inflation, unemployment, recession, and energy crisis; eases Cold War tension with China and Soviet Union; involved in Watergate scandal; resigns
Jimmy Carter
appointed vice-president; succeeds Nixon as president; pardons Nixon; popularity drops; tries to fight inflation with voluntary WIN program; negotiates Helsinki Accords; defeated by Jimmy Carter
defeats Ford in 1976 election; promises honesty in government and support for human rights; clashes with Congress; faces energy crisis, inflation, and unemployment; negotiates Panama Canal Treaties and Camp David Accords; supports environmental movement; Iran hostage crisis partly responsible for his defeat in 1980 by Ronald Reagan
Taking Notes
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