prepared by jonathan baylin, phd co-author with daniel hughes of brain based parenting, norton, 2012...
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A BRAIN BASED MODEL OF ATTACHMENT-FOCUSED
THERAPY: SELECTED SLIDES
Prepared by Jonathan Baylin, PhDCo-author with Daniel Hughes of Brain
Based Parenting, Norton, 2012jbaylin@verizon.net
FOR DDP DAYS, 2014
Neurodynamics of Change in Attachment-focused Treatment
BLOCKED TRUST: HOW CHILDREN SUPPRESS THE ATTACHMENT SYSTEM THROUGH STATE-DRIVEN CONDITIONING AND LEARN TO AVOID THE ATTACHMENT-LINKED STATE OF SEPARATION PAIN
REAWAKENING THE CHILD’S ATTACHMENT SYSTEM: LEARNING TO FEEL SAFE WITH EXPERIENCING THE PAIN OF SEPARATION AND THE NEED FOR COMFORT
BRAIN-BASED MODEL OF THE LEARNING PROCESSES INVOLVED IN A CHILD’S JOURNEY FROM MISTRUST TO TRUST
Jon Baylin©
3
Part One: Blocked Trust and Early Experience- dependent Brain Development
“SHE PUT ME TO THE SIDE”:A STORY OF HOW CHILDRENDEVELOP BLOCKED TRUST TO MANAGE “SEPARATION PAIN”
GOOD CARE AND POOR CAREON THE BRAIN: EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENTBRAIN DEVELOPMENT IN THE FIRST18 MONTHS
SOCIAL EPIGENETICS: THE NEW SCIENCEOF HOW LIFE AFFECTS OUR BRAINS ANDBODIES
THE DEFENSIVE BRAIN ANDSTRATEGIES FOR LIVING IN A HARSH, UNCARING WORLD Jon Baylin©
BRAINS IN CONTEXT: EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT SCULPTING
safe unsafe
BEHAVIORAL EPIGENETICS: EFFECTS OFEXPERIENCE ON PATTERNS OF GENE EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE BRAIN
Jon Baylin©
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TWO RELATIONAL SYSTEMS: BONDING AND SOCIAL Jon Baylin©
HIERARCHY
BONDED RELATIONSHIPS:OXYTOCIN, OPIOIDS, PROLACTIN, AND DOPAMINE
POWER-BASED, “RANKING” RELATIONSHIPS:STRESS HORMONES, LOWSEROTONIN, AND HIGHNOREPINEPHRINE IN LOW-RANKING FOLKS
GETTING CLOSE: SOCIALENGAGEMENT SYSTEM
KEEPING YOUR DISTANCE: SOCIAL AVOIDANCE/DEFENSESYSTEM AND “KNOWING YOURPLACE”
POOR TENDING SHIFTSTHE DYNAMICS FROMBONDING TO HIERACHY
GOOD TENDING PROMOTESDEVELOPMENT OF BONDEDRELATIONSHIPS
BLOCKED TRUST: WHEN KIDS HAVE TO PLAY DEFENSE BY SUPPRESSING THE JOY AND THE PAIN OF
CONNECTION
SELF DEFENSE
SUPPRESSES GROWTH OF THEHIGHER BRAIN REGIONS
HEALING PROCESS: HELPING CHILDREN RECOVER THE ABILITY TO FEELTHE JOY AND THE PAIN OF CONNECTION
Jon Baylin©
EARLY EXPERIENCES WITH CAREGIVERS PROGRAM THE CHILD’S AMYGDALA FOR
LIVING IN SAFETY OR DANGER
Jon Baylin©
EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT,EPIGENETIC PROGRAMMINGOF THE CHILD’S BRAIN: TO
TRUST OR MISTRUST?
THE STRESS RESPONSE CIRCUIT: TURNING ON, TURNING OFF,“LOCKING ON” Jon Baylin©
CRH
CORTISOL
AMYGDALA
HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY GLAND
ADRENAL GLAND
HIPPOCAMPUS
CORTISOLCORTISOL
ACTHHIPPOCAMPUSNOT FULLYFUNCTIONALIN THE FIRSTYEAR OF LIFE
ALSO, STRESSHORMONES CAN DAMAGE THEHIPPOCAMPUS
PREFRONTACORTEX
GO STOP
GRGR
THE CINGULATE AND “CINGULATION”: THE SOUNDS OF JOY, SADNESS, AND
SEPARATION PAIN Jon Baylin©
THE CINGULATE,ESPECIALLYTHE ACC, ISESSENTIAL FORBEING A HIGHLYSOCIAL,, ATTACHEDSPECIES: THE CALLAND RESPONSE SYSTEM
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TRAVELING THE CINGULATE: FROM PAIN OF REJECTION, TO SADNESS OF SEPARATION, TO JOY OF CONNECTION
Jon Baylin©
dMCC
PAG
I’m NotFeeling Any PainSo I don’t NeedYour Comfort
I’m FeelingSad and INeed Comfort
sgACC
THANKSI’M FEELINGSOOTHEDAND HAPPY
rACC
PACE
ADULT USING VOICE, FACE,GESTURE TO ENGAGE THECHILD AND MOVE HER INTOSADNESS: UNBLOCKING THECAPACITY TO FEEL THE PAIN OFDISCONNECTION
ROLE OFTHE CINGULATEIN ATTACHMENTFOCUSED TX
Shifting From Mistrust to Trust: THE ELEMENT OF SURPRISE Jon Baylin©
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CHILD’s Brain On MistrustAnd Defense-based Living
CHILD’s Brain On TrustAnd Connection
PLAYFULNESSACCEPTANCECURIOSITYEMPATHY
PACE
SURPRISING THE MISTRUSTINGBRAIN BY VIOLATINGEXPECTATIONS ABOUTCAREGIVER’S REACTIONS
PACE AS A FORMULA FOR THERAPEUTIC CONFUSION:DISCOMBOBULATING THE CHILD’S NEGATIVE EXPECTATIONSAND ACTIVATING THE CHILD’S CURIOSITY…… “YOUR WEIRD”
The Element of Surprise in Attachment Focused Treatment: Positive Prediction Errors
(PPEs) as Learning Signals That Wake upthe Child’s PFC Jon Baylin©
“OOPS, MYAUTOMATICPREDICTION OFBEING REJECTEDWAS WRONG!!YOU WERE KINDWHEN I MINDLESSLYEXPECTED YOUTO BE MEAN”CURIOSITY/
REFLECTIONSYSTEM
REVERSALLEARNINGSYSTEEM
FEAR EXTINCTION SYSTEM
REAPPRAISALSYSTEM
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:APPROACH, DON’T AVOID
Jon Baylin©
FROM MISTRUST TO TRUST: STAGES IN THE JOURNEY TO SECURE ATTACHMENT
Jon Baylin©13
STAGE ONE:AUTOMATIC,MINDLESSMISTRUST“YOU’RE MEAN, I’MBAD”
STAGE THREE:APPROACH/AVOIDANCECONFLICT-TOO TRUST ORNOT TO TRUST?
STAGE FOUR:PRACTICINGTRUST OVERMISTRUST-“STROOPIN’”
STAGE FIVE:RESOLVING THECONFLICT-“I CAN TRUST YOUAND I AM A GOOD KID!””
STAGE TWO: GOODCONFUSION“WHOA! THISIS WEIRD. YOU UNDERSTANDWHY I DON’TTRUST YOU ANDYOU AREN’TANGRY ABOUTIT”
ATTACHMENT-FOCUSEDFAMILY THERAPY+
PACE
PACEPACE
PACE
PACE
extinction
reversal
reflection
setshifting
PACE
ADULT
CHILD
conflictresolution
extinctionreversal
reflectionConflict resolution
Set shifting
Jon Baylin©
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THE SOCIAL BRAIN: FIVE INTERACTING SYSTEMS Jon Baylin©
SOCIAL APPROACH SYSTEM: ABILITY TO GET CLOSE TO ANOTHER PERSON WITHOUT BECOMING DEFENSIVE
SOCIAL REWARD SYSTEM: ABILITY TO ENJOY INTERACTING WITH OTHERS
PEOPLE READING SYSTEM: ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE MINDS OF OTHER PEOPLE (“MINDSIGHT”)
MEANING MAKING SYSTEM: ABILITY TO CONSTRUCT SOCIAL NARRATIVES BASED ON EXPERIENCES WITH OTHER PEOPLE AND TO “MAKE SENSE” OF OUR SOCIAL LIFE
EXECUTIVE SYSTEM: ABILITY TO REGULATE INTRAPERSONAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN APPROACH AND AVOIDANCE, PRO-SOCIAL AND DEFENSIVE REACTIONS
ParentalExecutiveSystem
ParentalApproachSystem
ParentalRewardSystem
ParentalChild ReadingSystem
ParentalMeaning- MakingSystem
SELF-DEFENSESYSTEM
“on”
“on”
“on”
“on”
“off”
THE PARENTING BRAIN
MINDFUL PARENTING
Figure 2.2 The Five Parenting Systems
amygdala
“safe”Jon Baylin©
MINDFUL, COMPASSION-BASED PARENTING
Jon Baylin©
CULTIVATE COMPASSION FOR YOUR MISTRUSTING CHILD MUSTER WARMTH TAKE DELIGHT IN SOME ASPECT OF YOUR CHILD “STAY IN THE GAME”: IT’S NOT A SPRINT, IT’S A MARATHON ENDURE WHAT FEELS LIKE REJECTION AND KNOW IT FOR WHAT IT IS: MISPLACED MISTRUST IT’S NOT TRULY PERSONAL; IT’S GENERALIZED MISTRUST ENHANCE YOUR “APPROACHABILITY”: WORK AT MAKING YOURSELF SAFE TO BE NEAR PRACTICE CATCHING AND RELEASING YOUR OWN DEFENSIVE REACTIONS STRENGTHEN YOUR CAPACITY FOR DEEP RELAXATION AND EXHALING IDENTIFY AND DESENSITIZE YOUR “HOT BUTTONS”: TRIGGER WORK MAINTAIN A GOOD SUPPORT SYSTEM REMEMBER TO PLAY
Jonathan Baylin, PhD coauthor with Daniel Hughes ofBrain Based Parenting, Norton, 2012
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