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Normative ThinkingAndreu Ulied – ulied@mcrit.com ERSILIA foundationINTREPID – Winter School – February 2017
Do you love me?
Do you love me?
Really?
Economy & Business
Psycology
Law
PoliticalSciences
Natural & other
Sciences
Sociology
Moral Filosophy
KantBenthamDarwinMarxFreudParetoHeideggerArrowsKhunArendtPopperRawlsSenEllullFoucaultLacanKahnemanZizekBeckHabermas
Economy & Business
Psycology
Law
PoliticalSciences
Natural & other
Sciences
Sociology
Moral Filosophy
KantBenthamDarwinMarxFreudParetoHeideggerArrowsKhunArendtPopperRawlsSenEllullFoucaultLacanKahnemanZizekBeckHabermas
TechnologyEngineering
Open normative decision proceduresrequire the convergence (leaving someambiguity) in the hypothetical desiresof rational-enough agents.
They should be based on a method of intelligent deliberation, and a criterionof rightness.
How we take “Morally Right Collective Decisions”?
Open normative decision proceduresrequire the convergence (leaving someambiguity) in the hypothetical desiresof rational-enough agents.
They should be based on a method of intelligent deliberation, and a criterionof rightness.
How we take “Morally Right Collective Decisions”?
OPCIO A: Boulevard, OPCIO B: Rambla, OPCIO C: None of the others
Do you prefer A or B?
Are you happy?
Are you happy?
Really?
...communication is impossible
Aa? b? B!
...symbolic means to reduce ambiguity
Aa a
Aa a
Open normative decision proceduresrequire the convergence (leaving someambiguity) in the hypothetical desiresof rational-enough agents.
They should be based on a method of intelligent deliberation, and a criterionof rightness.
How we take “Morally Right Collective Decisions”?
Prioritarist welfarism
Kant’sDeontologism:
Categorical imperatives“Rights” & “Duties”
Welfarism
Utilitiarism byBentham& Mill
Personal utilities
“Criterion of rightness”: it is about means? or ends?
“Criterion of rightness”: moral legal decision procedures
Multicriteria framework (matrix criteria/weigths)
• Social Welfare Function-proxy –welfarist• Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) –consequentialist
• Financial Sustainability – deontològic imperative• Cost-effectiveness –deontologic imperative
FLAGSHIP EU Research project (ISINNOVA-MCRIT/Multicriteria, 2015)
SWF-proxy –welfarist: W = A * C * E
• A (Afluence – according to GDP/capita growth)• C (Cohesion – according to Gini income distribution)• E (Environmental externalities – CO2/Climate Change)
∆W= ∆(A*C*E)= ∆A*C*E + A*∆C*E + A* C* ∆E
Conviviality Public health
Relevance Very high Very high
Definition Opportunities for free social interactionamong anonimous persons
Rights: Urban standards on public space for pedestrians –sidewalks, squares, parks... on land-use plan can be rised?
Gual: Reduce space for traffic increasingup to 750 ha with people priority andreduction up to 1/3 motorised trips to keeptraffic congention in corrent levels
Improvement of air quality. Pollution and Climate Change.
Rights: Urban standards by EC Directives, and OMS.
Goal: Comply with EC regulations
A non-welfarist approach is possible?
First interest:
Conviviality
Second interest:
Public health
Third interest:
Sustainable growth
Relevance Paramount Very High High
Definitionandassociatedrights
Opportunities for freesocial interactionamong anonimouspersons
Rights: Urban standardson public space for pedestrians –sidewalks, squares, parks...
Improvement of airquality. Pollution andClimate Change.
Rights: Urban standardsby EC Directives, andOMS.
Direct, indirect andinduced sustainableeconomic impactreducing incomedisparities
Rights: Services of General Interest for all
Moral criteria to evaluate“feasible” urban policies?
Foundational principles
● Explicit valuation - .
● Broadly Consequential Evaluation -
● Additive Accounting
Structural demands
● Assumed Completeness -
● Full Knowledge of Probabilistic Understanding -
● Non iterative and non-parametric Valuations -
New Foundations for Cost-Benefit based on Social Choice Theory
Market Centered Valuation
●Reliance on Willingness to Pay -
● Sufficiency of Potential Compensation -
● Disregard of Social Choice Options -
Evaluative Indifferences
● Non valuation of Actions,
● Indifference to Intrinsic Value of Freedom -
● Instrumental View of Behavioral Values -
New Foundations for Cost-Benefit based on Social Choice Theory
AIR StrategiesMarket opening to global competition
Completition of the internal market
Antitrust regulation
Full internalisationof externalities
Travellers +++ +++ +++ -Non-traveller Citizens + + + +++Labour Associations - - - - - - -Service Operators: Flag carriers - - - - - - - -Service Operators: LCC ++ +++ ++ - - -Service Operators: Charter + +++ + - - -Service Operators: Cargo - ++ + - - -ANSPs (air traffic management) - - - - - -Airport Managers +++ ++ + -Airport Owners +++ ++ + -Aeronautical Industry + + - - - +“Hub regions” - - - + +“2nd Tier Regions” +++ +++ ++ +++Member States - + + +European Institutions + +++ ++ ++UN and International Organisations +++ + + ++
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