presentation study methods and examination techniques 2014

Self and Time Management for Students

Pakistan Naval Academy

Karachi

May 29, 2009

Basheer JumaStudy Methods and Examination

Techniques by Basheer Juma

Students to do

Study Methods and Examination Techniques by Basheer Juma

Students to do

Change your habits accordingly.Develop your skills.Work hard.Review your progress.Document yourself.

The Study and Examination Process

Assessment

Phase I

StudyPlanning

Phase II

DevelopSkills

Phase III

Fighting Anxiety and

Stress

Phase IV

Attempting thePaper

Phase V

Assess your position

The Process

DetermineObjectives

of life.

Why you have been created.

Where will you go

ultimately.

Set your goals

PersonalCareer

EconomicFamilyAnd

Social

Prepare your

Plus and Minus

position.Find out.

Find out your problems. Problem

within you and problem around you.

Know your syllabus

and get the right books.

Get base books and

also Supplementary

Review past years papers

and find out

the exanimation

Plan study environment.

Make plan and schedule your

activities.

Make a practical time table.

Make a system of

making daily review and note your progress regularly.

Use charts.

The Process

Reading.

How do you read. What

is comfortable environment

for you.

Listening and notes

taking.

Your class room roles,

participation and

retention style.

Notes making

and retention as notes (sheets), Cards or soft copy

Revisions.How do you retain your record and

how often do you revise

them.Revision for examinationIs important.

The Process

Fight with these problems.

The Process

Stress.

Here time management

skills are required.

Anxiety.Here

psychological improvement is required.

Pressures, interruptions,Barriers and constraints.

Procrastination.Lethargy.

Delaying the important

Items.

Struggle is the meaning Struggle is the meaning of life.of life.

Defeat or victory is in Defeat or victory is in the hands of God.the hands of God.

Struggle itself manStruggle itself man’’s s duty and should be his duty and should be his joy.joy.

What's Success

2-Studying

2.1 Before starting the studies2.1 Before starting the studies

2.1.1 Have a goal in mind

It is always helpful to have a It is always helpful to have a clear objective in mind, for clear objective in mind, for the studies that a student is the studies that a student is pursuing. These objectives pursuing. These objectives can be different for students can be different for students of different levels or of different levels or categories. Some of these categories. Some of these might be:might be:

To have the To have the basic educationbasic education without which one cannot be without which one cannot be recognized by the society as recognized by the society as an educated person. an educated person.

2.1.1 Have a goal in mind

To acquire a higher learning in a subject of special interest, such as International Relations or Applied Chemistry.

To enable one to take up the profession of one’s choice and liking.

To move higher in one’s career.

2.1.2 Know the syllabus

Many students do not know exactly what topics are included in the course.

In such a situation, they might be wasting their time on what is not expected from them.

it is, therefore, important that a student should acquire a copy of the syllabus.

Examination Planning ChartExamination Planning Chart

EXAM – MODULE E

NAME OF SUBJECT

BASIC BOOKS(S)

SUPPLEMENTARY BOOK(S)

HELPING PERSONS

COACHING

NOTES STATUS

FILE STATUS

2.1.3 Acquire books and other necessities

Besides the prescribed textbooks, often other related books are also recommended.

Acquire them wherever possible. Books too costly or not available in the market may be borrowed from friends or libraries.

Also, collect past years question papers. Get a good dictionary and other necessary

items like paper, pen, pencil and folders.

2.1.4 Ascertain important areas

Important portions of the course from which questions might be expected to be asked in the examination, are often indicated by the teachers.

In addition, the student too can work out himself such parts by studying thoroughly the past years’ question papers.

The student should work harder on these portions of the course.

2.2 Preferred environment and modes of study

Methods of study largely Methods of study largely depend on an depend on an individual’s individual’s naturenature and and circumstances. circumstances.

Methods of study also Methods of study also differ from subject to differ from subject to subject. The methods subject. The methods suitable for the study of suitable for the study of Political Science, for Political Science, for example, are not likely to example, are not likely to be the same as those for be the same as those for Information Technology.Information Technology.

2.2 Preferred environment and modes of study

Yet there are certain Yet there are certain aspects which are aspects which are common and certain rules common and certain rules that apply in most cases. that apply in most cases. Some of these are detailed Some of these are detailed here. here.

2.2.1 Place of study

One can always try to re-locate or One can always try to re-locate or re-arrange his or her place of re-arrange his or her place of study so as to bring it as close to study so as to bring it as close to the ideal one as possible.the ideal one as possible.

It is It is better not to changebetter not to change your your place of study every now and place of study every now and then. then.

Stick to one placeStick to one place. . A good place of study is a A good place of study is a quiet quiet

private room, well-lit and properly private room, well-lit and properly furnishedfurnished. Some of the essential . Some of the essential requirements of the room are:requirements of the room are:

2.2.1 Place of study

Table and chair.

Bookshelves and a notice-board.

Lights.

Cooling and fresh air.

2.2.2 Preferred posture.

A person studies with A person studies with his mind. But what his mind. But what should he do with his should he do with his body along all that? body along all that?

A very comfortable A very comfortable chair with thick chair with thick cushions might turn cushions might turn create drowsiness. create drowsiness.

2.3 Joint studies

Such an arrangement Such an arrangement can prove to be fruitful can prove to be fruitful only if the two partners only if the two partners happen to be of happen to be of comparable intelligence comparable intelligence and understanding of and understanding of the subject as well as the subject as well as being equally serious in being equally serious in the pursuit of their the pursuit of their studies. studies.

2.4 Fighting distractions

During studies most of During studies most of the significant the significant distractions, except distractions, except noise, are internal—noise, are internal—created by one’s own created by one’s own mind. These include:mind. These include:

IndecisionIndecision DaydreamsDaydreams Personal problemsPersonal problems Anxiety due to Anxiety due to

unrealistic goalsunrealistic goals

2.5 Preparing Plans and Timetables

After acquiring information about the syllabus, key areas and the trends in question papers, the next step is to prepare a plan an a timetable for studies.

Usually, a plan covers a longer period of time and indicates only broadly the intended scheme of studies.

It will show what topics or subjects are to be taken up first, which areas are to be given more time and also that what proportion of time one would give to rest, recreation and sleep.

IF YOU FAIL IF YOU FAIL TOTO

PLANPLAN

YOU AREYOU ARE

PLANNING TOPLANNING TO

FAILFAIL

PREPARATIONPREPARATIONStudy Methods and Examination

2.5.2 Timetables

On the other hand, On the other hand, timetables cover a timetables cover a shorter periodshorter period, a week , a week or a day, and give or a day, and give more exact details. more exact details.

A daily A daily timetable will timetable will indicate the exact indicate the exact timings and duration timings and duration of various activitiesof various activities..

2.5.2 Timetables

A A weekly timetable weekly timetable consists of such consists of such schedules for every schedules for every day of the week which day of the week which may or may not be may or may not be repeated over the repeated over the following weeksfollowing weeks. .

The under mentioned The under mentioned points should be kept points should be kept in mind while in mind while preparing timetables:preparing timetables:

2.5.2 Timetables

Study hours : The best hours for study are in the morning when the mind is fresh and it is easy to concentrate. Find your best study hours under your own circumstances.

Periods of study: The periods of study may stretch from one to three hours.

Concentration and efficiency tend to dwindle after about an hour’s study.

2.5.2 Timetables

Give more daylight hours to study: It has been established by research one hour’s study during the day equals one and a half hour’s study at night.

Difficult parts: The most difficult part of the course should be studied during hours found best for studies. Find your prime time.

Revision: Each day’s study session should be started with a revision of the previous day’s work. This would re-enforce the previous day’s work and would also serve as a warm up process for this day’s session.

2.5.2 Timetables

Relaxation, exercise and sleep: The timetable must allocate sufficient time for sleep and adequate periods for relaxation and exercise.

Synchronize his period of relaxation and recreation with those of others in the family..

Good meals: Well-balanced meals should be taken at the proper time. Greasy or low protein food is not advisable. Deficiencies in the diet lead to weariness and lack of enthusiasm for work.

3-Reading MethodsMethods

3.1.1 Examining a book-

This is called skimming. One just glances through a book to find out its scope and contents.

This kind of ‘reading’ is undertaken when one has to examine if a particular book would be useful for his studies or not.

3.1.2 Locating an important point or topic

It involves going through the pages of a book rapidly to locate a certain point or topic which is now required to be consulted.

This is called scanning. A student often needs to scan books and

periodicals during his studies to re-locate a point which he might have already gone through earlier.

3.1.3 Serious reading

This is reading for a This is reading for a study. study. One goes through One goes through the pages of the book the pages of the book slowly and often slowly and often repeatedlyrepeatedly. The object is . The object is to understand and digest to understand and digest fully what has been said fully what has been said in those pages. in those pages.

A hardworking student A hardworking student would usually write the would usually write the passage himself in his passage himself in his own words to check if own words to check if he has understood the he has understood the text correctly and fully. text correctly and fully.

3.2 What is a good reading speed ?

Although there are people who can read much faster, a speed of 250-300 words per minute is good enough.

Reading speed problem, if it exists, can be over come by enlarging one’s vocabulary and mastering the difficult words that come across frequently

3.3 Concentration

Some of the techniques Some of the techniques that can help secure that can help secure concentration are given concentration are given below:below:

No room for other No room for other thoughtsthoughts

Thinking about futureThinking about future Every thing should be Every thing should be

handyhandy Ignoring unavoidable Ignoring unavoidable

noisesnoises

Understanding Construct a word Construct a word

diagram or concept mapdiagram or concept map. . The various steps for The various steps for

this process are as this process are as under:under:

The concerned passage The concerned passage should be should be read read thoroughlythoroughly and its and its meaning be understood meaning be understood as much as possible.as much as possible.

Find out the Find out the central ideacentral idea and other points should and other points should be linked to this.be linked to this.

Understanding

The passage should be read again to find out other key ideas. These should be listed on a separate sheet of paper.

The key words should now be written on the paper carrying the most important or main idea, so as to show their relationship with each other and also with the main idea.

Understanding

Lines should be drawn among them and these lines should be labeled with words indicating the relationship.

The diagram should now be reviewed to find out if some other information is required to be added, or if some other arrangement would be better.

More passages can be summarized in this manner.

Methods of remembering

The text should be read several times so as to be understood fully.

If it is lengthy, break up in to convenient pieces.

When it is felt that the gist of the text can now be recalled easily, it should be written in one’s own words and compared with the original to check if it has been accurately reproduced.

Methods of remembering

A convenient method of remembering things is to associate them with a word or phrase which could be easily remembered.

VIBGYOR. Here V stands for violet, I for indigo, B blue, G for green, Y for yellow, O for orange and R for Red.

4-Listening and Notes Taking

Listening

Listening is distinctly different from hearing.

Listening is a conscious act. One must be fully attentive to it. So in a classroom, one is not just

hearing but listening to the teacher or the lecturer

Notes Taking

Notes taking is a skill and needs to be developed for success in one’s studies.

Some techniques of taking accurate and meaningful notes at a reasonably fast speed are described here.

The techniques are:

Revision-Importance

It’s a bridge between what you have studied, learnt and remembered and what you are going to attempt.

Method of Revision

While carrying out a revision of studies, it is advisable to While carrying out a revision of studies, it is advisable to observe the following:observe the following:

Consult the notesConsult the notes New material to be avoided: New material to be avoided: Recalling is more effective than just reading: Recalling is more effective than just reading: Revision sessions: Revision sessions: Major revision: Major revision:

The bulk of the revision should be completed about one week The bulk of the revision should be completed about one week ahead of the examination. Last minute rush with late ahead of the examination. Last minute rush with late night sittings often produce fatigue and confusion. night sittings often produce fatigue and confusion.

6-Fighting Stress and Anxiety

How to deal it

Anxiety and StressAnxietyAnxietyStressStress

Fighting stress and Fighting stress and anxietyanxiety

The goals must be The goals must be achievable achievable Divide the load- Divide the load- Prioritize-important Prioritize-important and urgent analysisand urgent analysis

Brief diversionBrief diversionRecreationRecreationExercisesExercises

Our time wastersOur time wastersMajor time wastersMajor time wasters

ExternalExternal1.1. Unplanned visitorsUnplanned visitors2.2. Unorganized meetingsUnorganized meetings3.3. Excessive paper workExcessive paper work4.4. Poor communicationPoor communication5.5. SocializingSocializing6.6. Incomplete informationIncomplete information7.7. MeetingsMeetings8.8. PaperworkPaperwork9.9. Poor communicationPoor communication

Our time wastersOur time wastersMajor time wastersMajor time wasters

InternalInternal1.1. Lack of proper prioritiesLack of proper priorities2.2. Too little delegationToo little delegation3.3. Spreading yourself too thinSpreading yourself too thin4.4. Lacking Lacking "I can do it" attitude"I can do it" attitude5.5. Unclear planningUnclear planning6.6. Attempting too muchAttempting too much7.7. Inability to say Inability to say ‘‘nono’’8.8. Inadequate planningInadequate planning9.9. Lack of self-disciplineLack of self-discipline10.Leaving tasks unfinished10.Leaving tasks unfinished

At the time of Examination

7.1 Getting seated

Arrive earlier to see the seating arrangement.

If optional, choose according to your preference.

7.1 Getting seated

Instructions must be listened to attentively and abided by fully.

Before starting answering the questions

Reading the instructions: Choosing the questions

to be attempted: Allocating time for each

question:

Answering the questions

The First Question to The First Question to be answeredbe answered

Planning the answerPlanning the answer Writing the answer Writing the answer Reviewing the answer Reviewing the answer Number of Number of

questions/sections to questions/sections to be attemptedbe attempted

Use last two pages for Use last two pages for planning the paper planning the paper

EXAMINATION TREND CHART AND PLANNER

EXAM TREND:___________________ SUBJECT: E-14 Advanced Auditing

Y – I Y – II Y – III Y – IV Y – V SUPPLEMENTARY BOOK

S. NO.

T O P I C S

2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

TOTAL MARS

BASE BOOK

NOTES CARDS REF.

EXAMINATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME

MODULE E DATE D A Y FROM TO FROM TO FROM TO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

MENTION TIME RANGE IN COLUMN (FORM __________ TO ___________)

EXAMINATION SUPPORT PROGRAMME

ACCOUNTING – SOAPRATE

E N T R I E S SEQUENCE OF ACCOUNTING PROCEDURES RELATED ACCOUNTING TRANSACTIONS DEBIT CREDIT

Here is a list of our activities. You have to show whether you agree or

disagree with each activity.Say –Yes/No

AREAS / ACTIVITIES

Studying Studying ■■

Attending classesAttending classesNotes makingNotes making

TV TV ■■

FunctionsFunctionsEmails Emails ■■Study Methods and Examination

AREAS / ACTIVITIES

ShoppingShoppingHouse keepingHouse keepingHospitalityHospitality

Laundry Laundry Planning Planning Reading.Reading.Study Methods and Examination

AREAS / ACTIVITIES

Trouble shootingTrouble shootingTelephone and mobile Telephone and mobile

Writing Writing Sleeping Sleeping Study Methods and Examination

AREAS / ACTIVITIES

Text messagesText messagesTelephone and Telephone and mobiles mobiles ■■

Internet Internet ■■

Unending Unending searches searches

How time passes

This chart shows what you might be doing with your time in a life of average length.

Tying one’s shoes 8 days Waiting for traffic lights to change 1 month Time spent at the barber shop 1 month Dialing the telephone 1 month Riding elevators (in big cities) 3 months Brushing one teeth 3 months

How time passes

Waiting for the bus (in cities) 5 months Time spent in the shower or

bathroom 6 months Reading books ■ 2 years Eating ■ 4 years Earning a living 9 years Watching television ■ 10 years Sleeping 20 years

Your activities in 168 hours

Hours per activity in a 7 day week Sleep 56 hours Meals 14 hours Chores 5 hours Exercise 5 hours Transportation 5 hours Work 15 hours Family 5 hours Classes 15 hours Studying 30 hours Total 150 hours

What’s problem with this person.

Know yourself

Document yourself

Prepare position

Plus/ Minus points

Know symptoms and Habits

Identify areas of time

management and major time

wasters

Problems within

Problems around

Determine Life Objectives and Set Goals and

Values

Eliminate time wasters avoid Procrastination

Improve / develop habits

Improve Skills and

Develop Leadership

Say NO to Unimportant

Regular self Assessment

ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

Planning

and Listing

Prioritizing

Scheduling/

Know prime time

Targeting

Do the right job

Do the job right

Team Building

Delegating

Accountability and matching

Reviewing

Rewarding

Re-Thinking

ACTIONSACTIONS

GOAL 1Personal

GOAL 2Career /

Economic

GOAL 3Family

GOAL 4Social

CHANGINGCHANGING

Why our efforts do not bring results. We have to identify reasons.

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