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Post on 16-Jan-2015
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ADULT LEARNING
Adult Learning…
Adult learning is any "post-compulsory" learning.
It is a broad term that can comprise formal college education; job related training, community education, or self improvement.
Andragogy uses approaches to
learning that are problem-based and collaborative rather than didactic
emphasizes more quality between the teacher and learner
Theory of Adult Education
Andragogy was originally used by Alexander Kapp but was later developed into a theory of adult education by the American educator Malcolm Knowles.
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Knowles asserted that andragogy (Greek: "man-leading") should be distinguished from the more commonly used pedagogy (Greek: "child-leading").
Andragogy vs. Pedagogy
Knowles’ Andragogical Assumptions
concept of the learner
role of the learner’s experience
readiness to learn
orientation to learning
need to know
motivation
Types of Education and Settings for Learning
Formal Schools and universities
Nonformal Organized outside the formal
system
Informal From everyday interactions
Characteristics of Adult Learners
autonomous and self-directed
have accumulated a foundation of life experiences and knowledge
goal-oriented relevancy-oriented practical need to be shown
respect
Motivating the Adult Learner
social relationships external expectations social welfare personal
advancement escape/stimulation cognitive interest
Barriers lack of time, money,
confidence, or interest lack of information about
opportunities to learn scheduling problems "red tape" problems with child care transportation motivation factors
Critical Elements of Learning
Motivation Reinforcement Retention Transference
Adults learn best when… Prior learning is
appreciated and/or rewarded
Subject matter is relevant to their needs
Full of partial opportunity for self direction is provided
They can employ critical reflection
Mistakes are seen as opportunities to learn
Instruction provides opportunity for interaction
Dialog is part of the learning
Practical/hands-on experience is part of the learning
Experiencing
Reflection and sharing
Interpreting
Generalizing
Applying
Revising and repeating
Adult
Experiential
Learning
Cycle
Important Points of Adult Learning
Adults will commit to learning when the goals and objectives are considered realistic and important to them.
Adults want to be the origin of their own learning and will resist learning activities they believe are an attack on their competence.
Adult learning has ego involved. Adults need to participate in
small-group activities during the learning.
Important Points of Adult Learning
Adults need to receive feedback on how they are doing and the results of their efforts.
Adult learners come to learning with a wide range of previous experiences, knowledge, self-direction, interests, and competencies.
Transfer of learning for adults is not automatic and must be facilitated.
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