pres_kenneth j_ fergusson.pdf
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ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
COMMERCIALISATION OF UCG ACTIVITIES
Kenneth J. Fergusson, C.Eng., FIMechE, FIMMM
UCG Association
Life Member, retired Trustee
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ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION:
What defines commercial?
Potential for UCG development
Projects around the world
Scope in UK and Europe
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ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
WHEN CAN A PROCESS BE CALLED COMMERCIAL?
It yields a marketable product at a competitive price
It is environmentally permissible
It complies with legal and regulatory requirements
It is financeable
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Typical UCG Site Layout
ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
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0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
Australia China Russian Fed. India USA South Africa Europe (excl.
Russia)
VolofNaturalGasTCM
Potential gas reserves from UCG (as NG) TCM 2005 Reserve of Nat Gas TCM
Proven for
Mining
UCG additionCoal Balance
World Resource 5-8000BT
Proven Reserve (2005) 909BTEst. UCG addition 600BT
World Coal Resource for UCG
ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
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ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
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ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
REMOVAL OF CO2 FROM UCG GAS
CO2 can be scrubbed with physical solvent before combustion
Solvent regeneration uses much less energy than chemical solvents
Well-head gas is typically 2040% CO2; if only this CO2 is stripped,
residual gas CV is about half that of natural gas but carbon footprint is
comparable
If CO and CH4 are reformed to H2 + CO2 and that CO2 is also
stripped, the remaining gas, mainly H2, is essentially carbon-free
The cost of total CO2 removal is less than a fifth of post-combustion
flue gas scrubbing from a boiler
An alternative is to leave the CO2 in the gas, combust with O2 in aspecial turbine, and condense CO2 from the exhaust (oxyfuel)
The total cost of CO2 removal, transportation and underground
disposal is calculated to be less than $30/t carbon
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PROJECTS AROUND THE WORLD
ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
Virtually every country with significant coal resources is
now aware of UCG
There is current active attention being given to UCG in
at least 33 countries
Active testing, or evaluation of previous testing, is being
conducted in at least 15 countries
Commercial projects are under development in at least
8 countries
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MAJUBA POWER STATION, SOUTH AFRICA
ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
PROGRESSIVE ADOPTION OF UCG
The station was built as a conventional, pf coal-fired plant, to be
fed with locally-mined coal.
Geological problems prevented the design rate of mined coalbeing achieved; the shortfall was being transported a considerable
distance.
Trials of UCG on the unmineable coal were carried out for more
than 2 years, successfully co-firing the syngas to the pf boilers.
It has been announced that the UCG operation will be extended,to increase the rate of co-firing and broaden experience.
Ultimately, the objective is to build a CCGT fired with UCG gas.
THIS IS AN EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF PROGRESSIVE
DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF UCG.
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SCOPE FOR UCG IN UK AND EUROPE
ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
In common with many European countries, UK is facing a crisis of
shortage of generation capacity and increase in generation costs.
Coal has been the lowest-cost source of power, but coal
burning has been coming under increasing environmentalpressure.
Enormous resources of coal remain in Europe.
No other generation method can match the expected cost of
power generated from UCG gas.
Taking the example of UK, the remainder of thispresentation looks at the scope for UCG to make a major
contribution to clean, secure, power supplies.
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ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thOCTOBER, 2013
BUT WE CANT DO IT AGAIN!
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21STCENTURY UK COAL OUTPUT
15Mt20Mt
35Mt
9Mt
11Mt
20Mt
7Mt10Mt
17Mt
6Mt10Mt
16Mt
4Mt?8Mt?
12Mt?
2000 2005 2010 2012/13 NOW
UNDERGROUND
OPENCAST
TOTAL
UK MINING MET LESS THAN ONE-THIRD OF DEMAND OF
LAST YEARS REMAINING COAL-FIRED POWER STATIONS
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2D Mapping of Coal
Firth of Forth
North East coast
East YorkshireDee/Mersey/N Wales
South Wales
Area of UK"Good" UCGResource M-
tonnes
PowerOutputover 40years
MW
UCGasNatGasBCM
Eastern/NE
England 6,824 11,900 681
Lancs/Dee 4,770 14,100 476
Wales 220 730 22
Scotland 171 17
TOTAL 16,784
26,730 1,676
Current Coal Power Capacity ~ 28,8550MW
UK Current Nat Gas Reserves 530BCM
BGS study of coal resources for UCG, supported by DTI
Areas of the UK Suitable for Commercial UCG
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TYPICAL COASTAL SITES LICENSED FOR UCG
ENGLAND AND WALES
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ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
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FORECAST GENERATING COSTS 2013
(including CCS)
OFFSHORE WIND 140170/MWh
ONSHORE WIND 80100/MWh
NEW NUCLEAR 93/MWh CLEAN COAL (combustion) 110/MWh
COAL GASIFICATION (IGCC) 110/MWH
EXISTING CCGT (no CCS) 80100/MWh
NEW CCGT + CCS 110/MWh
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CURRENT UK BULK POWER PRICES WERE 40/MWh,
THEN 50/MWh,
SOON 60/MWh?
BUT NONE OF THE PROJECTEDGENERATION COSTS COME CLOSE TOMAINTAINING THIS
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ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON, 6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
IN 2010, THE COST OF GENERATING POWER IN UK ON A CCGT FED WITH
UCG GAS, INCLUDING CCS, WAS CALCULATED AS 66/MWh.
TODAY, THAT FIGURE MAY HAVE INFLATED TO AROUND
70/MWh.
COMPARED WITH ALL OTHER AVAILABLE MEANS OF POWER GENERATION,
UCG OFFERS THE LIKELIHOOD OF BEING COMMERCIAL
AND SHOULD BE PURSUED ACCORDINGLY
HOW ABOUT UCG?
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www.ucgassociation.org
A global alliance of knowledge, expertise,training, networking & information for
Underground Coal Gasification
ACI GASIFICATION CONFERENCE LONDON,6th/7thNOVEMBER, 2013
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