preview of emt/emr geriatric emergencies powerpoint training presentation

PREVIEW OF

EMT/EMRGERIATRIC EMERGENCIESPOWERPOINT TRAINING

PRESENTATION

OBJECTIVES

Be able to Explain agingDescribe assessment needs of elderlyIdentify sensory problems with agingDescribe specific illnesses in seniorsIdentify elder abuse

PATIENTS OVER 65+

Over half over 85 live alone or with spouseOnly 5% live in nursing homes35,000,000 over 65 in US in 20001 in 8 of US populationEst 54,000,000 by 2020Most take multiple medications

AGE

1900 vs. todayAge’s 65-74: 8 times largeAge’s 75-84: 13 times largerAges 85+: 24 times larger

Currently 12.6% US population

VISION

Decreased visionInability to differentiate colorsDecreased night visionDecreased ability to see close upDecreased depth perception

HEARING

Inability to hear high-frequency sounds

Use of hearing aids

NERVOUS SYSTEM

6 to 7% brain weight decrease45% brain cell loss in some areas15 to 20% blood flow reduction15% conduction speed decrease

CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY

Degeneration of valvesDegeneration of conduction systemVascular changesMuscular changesStroke volumeCardiac outputDysrhythmias

ASSESSMENT TOOLS

Often has previous cardiac historyCardiac medications

NitroglycerinSymptoms exceeding 10-15 minutesPulse oximetry

PNEUMONIA

An infection of the lung from bacterial, viral, or fungal causes

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

A sudden blockage of the pulmonary artery by a venous clot

ASSOCIATED SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Sudden onset of dyspneaShoulder/back/chest painSyncopeAnxiety/apprehensionFeverLeg pain/redness/unilateral pedal edemaFatigueCardiac arrest

POSSIBLE CHANGES IN PHYSICAL ASESSMENT

Changes in circulationTachycardiaAdventitious noises such as wheezing, rales or

decrease breath soundsDecreased pulse oximetry reading of 70 percent

or lowerHypotension

NEUROVASCULAR CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY

Atrophy of the brain tissueDeterioration of the nervous system Neuropathy

DETORIATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION IN CONTROLLING

Rate and depth of breathingHeart rateBlood pressureHunger and thirstTemperatureSensory perception – including audio, visual,

olfactory, touch, and pain

NEUROPATHY

Damage to nerves which may impair sensation, movement, gland or organ function or

other aspects of health, depending upon nerve affected

SENSORY NEUROTHAPY

Signs & SymptomsNumbness in touch & vibrationReduced position sensePoor coordination & balanceReduced sensitivity to temperature change

& painSpontaneous tingling or burning pain

DEMENTIA

A chronic, generally irreversible condition that causes a progressive loss of cognitive

abilities, psychomotor skills, & social skillsAlzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia

DEMOGRAPHICS

World wide about 36,000,000 with Dementia10% of people develop it sometime in their lifeDue to increased life expediency it is becoming a

more prevalent diseaseOne of the most common causes of disability in

the elderly

GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Anatomical & Physiological changes, & pathophysiology

GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY

Dental problemsDecrease in salivaPoor muscle tone of smooth muscle sphincter

between esophagus and stomach can cause regurgitation leading to heartburn, and acid refluxDecrease in hydrochloric acid in the stomachAlterations in absorption of nutrients

GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY

Slowing peristalsis causing constipationRectal sphincter may become weak resulting in

fecal incontinenceLiver shrinksBlood flow to the liver declinesDecrease metabolism in the liver

ENDOCRINE CHANGES IN THE ELDERLYDecreased metabolism of thyroxineDecreased conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronineReduction in pancreatic beta cell secretion causing

hyperglycemiaReduction of the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary glandIncrease in secretion of antidiuretic hormone and

atrial natriuretic hormone causing fluid imbalanceIncrease in levels of norepinephrine

MUSCULOSKELETAL CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY

Atrophy of muscles and muscle wastingDegenerative changes and loss of boneLoss of strengthDegenerative changes in jointsLoss of elasticity in ligaments and tendonsThinning of cartilage and thickening of synovial fluidOsteoporosis is a bone disease that decreases bone

density

POLYPHARMACY

The use of multiple medications, often prescribed by different doctors that can cause

adverse reactions in the patient

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