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Primary FramingPrimary FramingSystemsSystems

VP UniversityVP University

Plasma ArcPlasma Arc

WebsWebs

Conrac (welding)Conrac (welding)

Hand WeldHand Weld

Structural Steel Beam Compared toPre-engineered Beam of Equivalent

Strength

StressStress--Strain CurveStrain Curve

Fig 1. A stressFig 1. A stress––strainstraincurve typical ofcurve typical ofstructural steelstructural steel1. Ultimate Strength1. Ultimate Strength2. Yield Strength2. Yield Strength3. Rupture3. Rupture4. Strain hardening4. Strain hardeningregionregion5. Necking region.5. Necking region.A: Apparent stressA: Apparent stress(F/A(F/A00))B: Actual stressB: Actual stress(F/A)(F/A)

Concrete CompressionConcrete CompressionStrengthStrength

Don’t lose the opportunity totake advantage of higherstrength concrete when it’salready specified on theproject.•The strength of the concreteused for the foundation designmay have a noticeable impacton column base plates andanchor rods.•For the examples shown, thebase plate size and number ofAnchor Rods were noticeablyreduced when higher strengthof concrete specified for theproject is entered inVPCommand.

Pinned Base Sidewall ColumnsPinned Base Sidewall Columns

Fixed BaseFixed Base

Primary FramesPrimary Frames

Clear Span(Rigid Frame)

Modular(ContinuousBeam)

Carry loads to the foundationCarry loads to the foundationShop Coat is 1 mil thick and gray*Shop Coat is 1 mil thick and gray*in color (bronze and red oxide alsoin color (bronze and red oxide alsoavailable at additional cost).available at additional cost).Spans and Eave Heights inSpans and Eave Heights inincrements of 1/16”increments of 1/16”

* as of VPCommand v8.0 February 14, 2010* as of VPCommand v8.0 February 14, 2010

151515

• All Structural Connections use A325T (Full Thread) Bolts(optional A490)

• ASTM F1852 Tension Control Bolt Option still available.

• All Secondary Connections (except girt to jambs) will beA325T (T = full-thread bolts) ½” x 1½” plated bolts.

PrePre--punched Holespunched Holes

VP primary frames have preVP primary frames have pre--punched holes for purlinpunched holes for purlinconnectionsconnections

Typical Connections

RAFTER BEAMSPLICE

Rafter to Columnat the Haunch

Typical Connections(“A” splice plate)

Typical Connections(“B” splice plate)

Typical ConnectionsTypical Connections

Top Bolted Face Bolted Vertical Bolting Plate

Factory Welded ClipsFactory Welded Clips

Girt Clip

Primary FramePrimary Frame

Open Web

Solid Web

Primary FramesPrimary FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits

What roof pitches are availableWhat roof pitches are availablefor Primary Frames?for Primary Frames?––Usually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeperUsually 1/4:12 to 4:12, steeperpitches available if neededpitches available if needed

What is the maximum eaveWhat is the maximum eaveheight allowed?height allowed?

––As required by the end userAs required by the end user

TwoTwo--piece bolted columnpiece bolted column

Exterior Column VariationsExterior Column Variations

Tapered Straight StraightTapered

TaperedStraight

Straight then TaperedStraight then Tapered

Column TaperedColumn Tapered--StraightStraight

Straight Column Features &Straight Column Features &BenefitsBenefits

Inset Girts

Columns can be hiddenwithin a finished wall

Interior Column OptionsInterior Column Options

3-PlateBuilt-up

PipeTube(Square)

Triangle TubeTriangle Tube

Interior ColumnsInterior Columns

Interior ColumnInterior Column -- PipePipe

Rigid FrameRigid Frame

RigidRigidFramesFrames

Rigid Frame

Rigid Frames (with craneRigid Frames (with cranebrackets)brackets)

Rigid Frame CrossRigid Frame CrossSectionSection

When a “CLEAR SPAN” is required

RF with an OffsetRF with an OffsetRidgeRidge

RF Single SlopeRF Single Slope

Loads to the Foundation

Forces

Anchor BoltsAnchor Bolts

Rigid FramesRigid FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits

Why or when should this type ofWhy or when should this type offrame be used?frame be used?

–– When CLEAR SPANS are requiredWhen CLEAR SPANS are requiredHow wide can a Rigid Frame be?How wide can a Rigid Frame be?

–– VP has done them up to 300’VP has done them up to 300’widewide

RF (Pitt Panthers)RF (Pitt Panthers)

Baumer ConstructionFt. Laramie, Ohio

Hickory Hill Concert Pavilion

ContinuousContinuousBeamBeam

Continuous Beam FramesContinuous Beam Frames

Continuous Beam Frame (CB-1)

Continuous Beam Frames

Continuous Beam FrameContinuous Beam Frame

Continuous Beam FramesContinuous Beam Frames

CB Frame w/ Offset RidgeCB Frame w/ Offset Ridge

Interior Column at CBInterior Column at CB

CB Frame withCB Frame withUnequal ModulesUnequal Modules

CB Frame Options - SingleSlope

Continuous Beam FramesContinuous Beam FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits

When should this type ofWhen should this type offrame be used?frame be used?

–– Wide Span BuildingsWide Span BuildingsWhat does adding interiorWhat does adding interiorcolumns do to the rafter?columns do to the rafter?

–– Makes it lighterMakes it lighter

Continuous Beam FramesContinuous Beam FramesFeatures & BenefitsFeatures & Benefits

How does this affect the priceHow does this affect the priceof the rafter?of the rafter?–– The price decreasesThe price decreases

How wide can a CB frame be?How wide can a CB frame be?–– VP has done them over 800’VP has done them over 800’widewide

InIn--place Cost Considerationsplace Cost Considerations

Unibeam FramesUnibeam Frames

Unibeam

Unibeam Features &Unibeam Features &BenefitsBenefits

TYPICAL RIGID FRAME

Unibeam Features &Benefits

Ceiling Line

More vertical clearanceat sidewalls

Unibeam Features & BenefitsUnibeam Features & Benefits

Ceiling Line

Straight ColumnsVs. Tapered

Truss FramesTruss Frames

Truss Beam

ContinuousTrusses

(CT-2)

(CT-1)

Patent for ClarkPatent for Clark Prudhon’sPrudhon’sTruss FrameTruss Frame -- 19591959

Rigid Frame TrussRigid Frame Truss

Open Web To ColumnOpen Web To Column

Open Web Rafter

Rigid Frame TrussRigid Frame Truss

Truss BeamTruss Beam

•Straight Columns

•Flat Bottom

Continuous TrussContinuous Truss

Piping and wiring can be runthrough an open web frame...... It doesn’t have to go underthe frame.

Open WebOpen WebConsiderationsConsiderations

ManufacturingManufacturingavailability varies byavailability varies byService CenterService Center–– Alabama andAlabama and

WisconsinWisconsin

Lateral Bracing toLateral Bracing tobottom cordbottom cordEconomical forEconomical forlargelarge span andspan andlargelarge interior gridsinterior grids

CraneCrane –– VP / HybridVP / Hybrid

Sample ProjectSample Project180 x 350 x 20180 x 350 x 20

2006 IBC2006 IBC

3535 psfpsf GSGS

20 LL20 LL

90 mph Wind90 mph Wind

50 ft. bays50 ft. bays

Frame ComparisonsFrame Comparisons

$0$5,000

$10,000$15,000$20,000$25,000$30,000$35,000

Frame Type

P&BRFWBCB-1CT-1CB-2CT-23P P&B

(Non-discounted prices shown)

LeanLean--to Framesto Frames

LeanLean--To FramesTo Frames

Below EaveLean-to

At Eave

Lean-to

Endwall LeanEndwall Lean--ToTo

End wallLean-to

At Eave Height LeanAt Eave Height Lean--ToTo

At Eave LeanAt Eave Lean--to connectionto connection

Below Eave HeightBelow Eave HeightLeanLean--ToTo

•Can add interior columns if needed.

CB LeanCB Lean--toto

Below eaveHeight or at eaveLean-to

Mainly largespan lean-to

CT LeanCT Lean--toto

LeanLean--ToTo

PrimaryPrimaryFramesFrames

Endwall FramingEndwall Framing

End FramesEnd Frames

End Frames

Post & Beam End FramesPost & Beam End Frames

ComponentsComponents

Rake Beam

Corner Posts

“P&B”

Endposts

Typical EndpostTypical EndpostSpacingSpacing

24'25' 25'13'-0" 13'-0"100'

MaterialsMaterials

Back-to-Back CeesCornerpost and EndpostG30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3-plate

3-Plate Built-Up

MaterialsMaterials

Cornerpost and EndpostG30 Acrylic; Rafter is 3-plate

•Endposts are:•G30 acrylic coated coldformed CEEs•riveted back-to-backCEEs•Single CEE (inset girtsonly)•3-plate welded solutionas needed•Tube and Hot Rollendwall posts are anoption.

How a Post & BeamHow a Post & BeamFrame WorksFrame Works

The Rake Beam is designed as aCONTINUOUS BEAM spanning acrossthe end posts

End posts span from the floor tothe rake to support wind loads

End posts also support the gravity loadsvertically, carrying them from theRake Beam to the foundation

Rake Beam to EndpostRake Beam to Endpost

Rigid Frame with EndRigid Frame with EndPostsPosts

End Post“EP”

End Posts can beused with any frametype

Post and Beam StabilityPost and Beam Stability

Automated diaphragm check;Automated diaphragm check;If fails, Rods may automatically beIf fails, Rods may automatically bedesigned…designed……Initially at interior bay……Initially at interior bay……Then at…Then at endbayendbay(s)(s)

112112

Post and Beam StabilityPost and Beam Stability

113113

HalfHalf--Load Frames withLoad Frames withEnd PostsEnd Posts

End Post“EP” End Posts can be

used with any frametype

FullFull--Load Frames withLoad Frames withEnd PostsEnd Posts

When futureWhen futureexpansion isexpansion isexpectedexpectedEnd Posts can beused with anyframe type VP UniversityVP University

End Post“EP”

Soldier ColumnsSoldier Columns

AA Soldier ColumnSoldier Column is used to reduce theis used to reduce thespan of the sidewall girts when longspan of the sidewall girts when longbays ( 30’bays ( 30’--0” +) are required.0” +) are required.

Soldier Column

Soldier ColumnsSoldier Columns

Primary FramingPrimary Framing

Applied DesignApplied DesignConcepts andConcepts andConsiderationsConsiderations

Moment Resisting FramesMoment Resisting Frames

P & B’s AreP & B’s AreNOT Moment ResistingNOT Moment Resisting

How a Post & Beam FrameHow a Post & Beam FrameWorksWorks

Diaphragm is the metal panel’sability to resist loads within itssurface.

Post & Beam FramesPost & Beam Frames

Bracing or the diaphragmaction of wall panels is

required to resist wind loadsfrom the side of the building

Ledger Angle at End FrameLedger Angle at End FrameLocationLocation

Pinned and RigidPinned and RigidConnection TypesConnection Types

Rigid Connections at thehaunches and raftersplices

Pinned Connectionsat the base

Standard Fixed BaseStandard Fixed Base

Fixed Base ColumnFixed Base Column

Frame DeflectionFrame DeflectionConsiderationsConsiderations

HorizontalDeflection

Vertical Deflection

Unsupported ColumnsUnsupported Columnsand Raftersand Rafters

Supported Membershave Flange Braces

Unsupported Membersdo not have Flange Braces.(may or may not have girts)

Unsupported ColumnsUnsupported Columnsand Raftersand Rafters

A column or rafter is consideredA column or rafter is consideredunsupported when it does not haveunsupported when it does not haveLateral support.Lateral support.This condition occurs when there areThis condition occurs when there areno flange braces attached to theno flange braces attached to thecompression (Inside) flange.compression (Inside) flange.Unsupported columns are typicallyUnsupported columns are typicallymore expensive than Supported.more expensive than Supported.

Flange BracingFlange Bracing

Special Curved FramingSpecial Curved Framing

SpecialSpecialCurvedCurved

FramingFraming

Primary Framing TipsPrimary Framing Tips

The more youThe more you reduce the spanreduce the span of aof amember the more you reduce themember the more you reduce thecost (to a certain point)…cost (to a certain point)…TaperedTapered members most economicalmembers most economicalSpanSpan frames shortestframes shortest distance indistance inbuildingbuilding

Primary Framing TipsPrimary Framing Tips

Gage Post and BeamGage Post and Beam mostmosteconomical endwall frameeconomical endwall frameReduceReduce endbayendbay span if possiblespan if possibleReduce Int. Col. Span near sidewallsReduce Int. Col. Span near sidewallsDo Not specify deflection higher thanDo Not specify deflection higher thannecessarynecessaryOpen Web frames economical withOpen Web frames economical withlarge spans and heavy loadslarge spans and heavy loads

primary framing systems - vpvpcwebservice.vp.com/help/erp/vpu/vp product... · used for the...

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