primary health care1

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Primary Health Care & Primary Health Care & Community health serviceCommunity health service

Department of Social MedicineDepartment of Social MedicineSchool of Public Health School of Public Health

Sichuan UniversitySichuan UniversityGao Bogaobo03@scu.edu.cn

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Timetablecontent time1.Several basic concepts 10’2.Global health strategy Health for all by the year 2000 15’ Health for all in the 21st century 20’3.Primary health care (PHC) 45’Rest 10’4.Community health service (CHS) 45’Rest 10’Questions 30’

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Several concepts• Health policy, means the plans and basic

policies adopted by society whose goal is to satisfy the medical demands of its citizens.

• Health strategy, is the measure used to realize pre-determined goals. It is the essential starting point and responsible way to implement health policy.

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Health for all by the 2000

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Ⅰ.Background of ‘health for all by the year 2000’ was proposed

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–The increase of the so called ‘poverty/ rich disease / sociopathy’ influenced the health and life of population –Lower educational level–Unbalance of the economy–Unreasonable health resources distribution–Backward management and lack of funds–The acute increase of population and aging

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It shows:• Most of the people in the world did not benefit

from the health service and medical development then;

• The widespread unfair and unbalanced situation existed among the health resources distribution and utilization in the world;

• The significant health difference existed among the different population.

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It is effective to carry out the

prevention and treatment of early phase to the health-high-risk people

the utilization of health services among the population population% health resources%

45%

60% 5%

50%

37%

3%

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Total Total healthhealth

Death Death healh,sub-health,sub-clinical,disease and

injure,

Relative health or slight diseases

Chronic diseases

Serious diseases

1%

19%

80%

Health resources

70%

30%

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Prerequisites for Health• The fundamental conditions and resources for health are:

– peace,– shelter,– education,– food,– income,– a stable eco-system,– sustainable resources,– social justice, and equity.

• Improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these basic prerequisites.

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“health for all”, this idea was identified the main health objective of the 20th century by WHO and every country in the 30th World Health Meeting in 1977.

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Ⅱ. The significance of the global health strategy HFA

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• People can keep healthy at work and in living;

• People will use more effective measures to prevent disease that will alleviate the pain of unavoidable disease and disablement and mature from a better path to attain a healthy lifestyle.

• Distribute all health resources equally to all members of society.

• All of individuals in the family will share the primary health through their participation .

• People will know diseases are unavoidable, and have the strength to get rid of disease.

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• Health is not equal to without disease; and keeping health needs the efforts before going to hospital more.

• Health service is not equal to medical service in the hospital, but includes improving healthy environment, behavior style, preventive care, etc.

notice

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Ⅲ. The main obstacle of the global health strategy HFA

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• The political promise of health for all isn’ t its best;• All elements of attaining basic medical health servi

ce are not equal;• The social class of femininity continually drop;• Society economy develops slowly;• The actions of all departments are a serious proble

m;• The distribution of manpower resource is odd and

the support is weak;• The action of advancing health is insufficient;

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• Health information systems are weak and lack baseline data;

• Environment pollution, lacking safe drinking water provision and environment health establishment;

• The aspect of population and epidemiological changes rapidly;

• Expensive technique is used unsuitably of and the resource is distributed unreasonably;

• Disaster from nature and human being.

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Health for all in the 21st century

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• The decision was brought forward at the 48th world health congress in May, 1995.

• The strategy emphasizes on the duty of individual, family and community for health.

• They take health as the center of their work and draft a new world health plan based on common opinion.

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The new trend of factors affecting the people’s health

• Absolute or relative poverty.• The change of population.• The changes of epidemiology.• The global environment is threatening the human

being.• The development of new techniques.• The cooperation among private sectors, public sectors

and social departments.• The globalization of commerce, travels and

transmission of values and ideas.

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Action basis of 21st century global health development strategy• Acknowledging that attaining most possible health

level is the basic human rights.• Strengthening the applicability of ethics continually

that act on health policy research and health service supply.

• Carrying the policies and strategy, which face the equity into execution, in order to inspire the community.

• Health policy and strategy should embody the difference of sex.

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The general goal: HFA by 21st century

• Enhance expectation life and life quality.• Improvement of the health equity within the

country and outside.• To establish the sustainable system of health

care and health service for all.

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Declaration of Alma-Ata and Primary health

care

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• In 1978, the International Conference on Primary Health Care was convened at Alma-Ata in the Soviet Union. At this historic event attended by representatives of 134 nations, primary health care was endorsed as a strategy for making fundamental health services universally accessible to the world’s population.

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The concept of PHC

• Refers to the primary health care that all the individuals could share.

• It depends on the scientific and popular methods and technologies in the communities, government support of funds, and people and families’ active participation.

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• It Is the key function and main factor of national health system, and a component of national health system and social economy.

• It connects individual, family and community with national health system, and it’s the first step that makes health care go deep into people’s lives and labors, and it can provide health care for people on their working spots, which is also a primary procedure of health care sustaining process.

The concept of PHC

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The principles of PHC

• Giving priority to prevention.• The participation of community.• Suitable technologies.• Government supports.

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The contents of PHC• The tasks of PHC health promotion, preventive care, favorable

treatment, community healing• The elements of PHC -the education of main current health issues as well as the preventive

and restraining methods. -improvements on food supply and sound nutrition -providing enough safe water and basic environmental health facilities. -woman and child care, family planning -the vaccinations against primary infectious diseases -the prevention and control of endemic disease -favorable treatment of familiar disease and trauma -providing essential medicine

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Homework

• The primary health care situation in your country?

• Please think about this question and write down, as a family operation, the next class give to class teacher