prof adel sehiem presentation 2
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Structural Trap SystemStructural Trap System
Fold Trap Regime Fault Trap Regime Fracture Trap Regime
Fracture Trap Fracture Trap RegimeRegime
Extensional
ClassClass
Shear Superimposed Complex
in which lateral boundaries of the trap are provided by change from fractured reservoir to unfractured or less fractured rock or by change from open, permeable fractures to cement-filled or narrow-aperture, low permeability fractures.
Structural Trap SystemStructural Trap SystemFracture Trap Fracture Trap RegimeRegime
Extensional
ClassClass
Shear Superimposed Complex
Sub-ClassSub-Class
*Closed *Mineralized *Open Throat *Slickensided *Corrugated
StyleStyle
*Parallel *Intersecting *Perpendicular *En echelon *Anastomosing *Relay *Branching *Bedding Parallel/ Perpendicular/ diagonal
Structural Trap SystemStructural Trap System
Fracture Trap RegimeFracture Trap RegimeClass Class
Sub-ClassSub-Class
Super FamilySuper FamilyTectonic Non TectonicTectonic Non Tectonic
FamilyFamilyFold-RelatedFold-Related Fault-Related Fault-Related UpliftUplift Cooling Cooling HydrofracingHydrofracing Unloading Unloading CompactionCompaction
Sub-FamilySub-FamilyHinge Normal Rift Shoulder Extrusive Hydrothermal Erosion ShaleLimb Thrust Plutonic Intrusive Solution Pressure Karst ReefConjugated Wrench Cratonic Plutonic Fracing Horst
Ductile Deformation
Brittle Deformation
Mass of a Block Induces Normal Stress and Shear Stress
Mechanics of Fracturing& Faulting
Plumose and Hackle Fractures
Deformation Band Slickensided Surface
Breccia and Gauge
Mineralization
Slickensided Fractures
Mineralized Fractures
Vuggy Fractures
Linking Between Relay Fractures
Disharmony of Fracture Concentration
Intersection of Bedding and Fracture Surfaces Make a Uniform Drainage Network of Reservoir
Area 2c: Crestal area detail
FUGRO&ROBERTSON
FAULT SEALING
Sub-seismic FaultTip Zones
FAULT GEOMETRY & ARCHITECTURE
Seismic Scale
Simple Non-rotational Planar Faults
GOS, Sinai
Ring Road
En Echelon Micro-fault Array, GOS- Sinai
En Echelon Micro-fault Array, GOS- Sinai
En Echelon Micro-fault Array, GOS- Sinai
Linkage
Linked Micro-faults
En echelon Faults with Relay Ramp
En echelon Faults with Relay Ramp
*Burial Depth while Faulting, Temperature, Fluids, Pore Pressure, Inherited Structural Fabrics & Stratigraphic Heterogeneity Play a Major Role in Defining Deformation Styles.
Shale Smear along Extensional Fault, SINAI
Fault Zone Deformation
Deformation Band with Extension and Shear Fractures, Abu Roash
Hanging Wall Deformation Bands, Wadi Matulla, SINAI
Fault Gauge and Deformation Band, Baba
Fault Breccia, Wadi Darat
P
S
Folding& Shearing in Hanging-wall (beyond Seismic Scale) Incorporate Stratigraphy in Fault Zone & Influence Sealing,& Cross Flow, Sinai
Shale Gauge along Detachment Fault, Baba Area, SINAI
Fault Plane Juxtaposition Diagram
Shale Gouge Ratio(SGR) Technique
Triangle Diagram
Fault Seal Analysis
Major faults and anticlines in Tunisia,
as well as locations of oil and gas
fields. (Reproduced after T.R. Klett,
2001).
Fluid Flow Basics
*High Fault PermeabilityIncrease Bulk Permeability & reduce Fault Effect.
Flow has a Pass Across the Fault.
Flow is Parallel to the Fault.
*High Fault PermeabilityIncrease Bulk Permeability & reduce Fault Effect.
W-1 W-2 W-3
Capillary Pressure Increase
Cambrian Clastics (C) against Pliocene (P) Syntectonic Sediments. See Shale & Siltstone Dykes Supporting Fault Plane, W. Haimur Pull-apart Basin
P
C
P
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