program hibah desa
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LAPORAN PENELITIAN
KONFLIK ETNIS MYANMAR
(STUDI EKSISTENSI ETNIS ROHINGYA DITENGAH
TEKANAN PEMERINTAH )
Oleh:
Anna Yulia Hartati SIP MA
NPP!"#!"$!$!""%"
PROGRAM STUDI HU&UNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNI'ERSITAS AHID HASYIM SEMARANG
"$*
KONFLIK ETNIS MYANMAR
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(STUDI EKSISTENSI ETNIS ROHINGYA DITENGAH TEKANAN
PEMERINTAH )
Oleh :
ANNA YULIA HARTATI, S.IP, MA
Karya Il!ah "elah #!"er!a #a$ #!%yah&a$ %e'aa! %alah %a" %yara" $"&
e*er+leh &e$a!&a$ e$a$ -$%!+$aL a&a#e!&
#! Fa&l"a% Il S+%!al #a$ Il P+l!"!&
U$!er%!"a% /ah!# Ha%y! Seara$
D!%yah&a$ +leh :
A$#! Pr0+$+, S.IP, M.S!
NPP.2.1.1.23
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A&STRAKSI
Pe$el!"!a$ !$! e$#e%&r!*%!&a$ a&ar &+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar #a$ a*a #a*a&
#ar! &+$-l!& "er%e'". K+$-l!& e"$!% !$! el!'a"&a$ #a e"$!% ya!" e"$!% %l!
R+h!$ya #a$ E"$!% 5#ha Ra&h!$e. K+$-l!& !$! e$ye'a'&a$ R!'a$ +ra$
e$6+'a $"& elar!&a$ #!r! %e"!a* "ah$ &e 5a$la#e%h, Malay%!a #a$ "e*a"
la!$ #! &a0a%a$ !". Mere&a e$6+'a elar!&a$ #!r! &are$a ha&7ha& ere&a ya$
#!"!$#a% &are$a &era *a&%a #a$ *e$!$#a%a$. A&ar *era%alaha$ &+$-l!& e"$!% !$!
'!%a #!l!ha" #ar! "!a leel ya!" leel %!%"e!& ya$ e$ya"a&a$ %!&a* *eer!$"ah
Mya$ar #a$ a#a$ya &+$%*!ra%! #e$a$ *!ha& a%!$, leel D+e%"!& ya$
e$ya"a&a$ &+$#!%! *eer!$"aha$ Mya$ar ya$ #!*!*!$ +leh $"a !l!"er, #a$leel *er%e*%! ya$ e$ya"a&a$ 'ah0a E"$!% R+h!$ya !r!* #e$a$ +ra$
5e$al!. K+$-l!& !$! e$!'l&a$ el+'a$ *e$$%! 'e%ar7'e%ara$ #a$
a%alah &ea$%!aa$ #a$ e$$#a$ rea&%! a%yara&a" !$"er$a%!+$al %er"a P55
ya$ "r$ "a$a$ e'a$" *e$yele%a!a$ &+$-l!& e"$!% ya$ %e#ah 'erla$%$
6&* laa. Pe$el!"!a$ !$! e$$a&a$ e"+#e *e$el!"!a$ #e%&r!*%! &al!"a"!-.
Da"a7#a"a %e&$#er #!*er+leh elal! %"#! #+&e$"er, ya&$! elal! aalah,
%ra" &a'ar, '&7'& #a$ %'er7%'er la!$ ya$ 'erh'$a$ #e$a$ "+*!&
*e$el!"!a$ !$!.
Ka"a &$6!: K+$-l!& E"$!%, *eer!$"aha$ $"a, *e$$%!
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KATA PENGANTAR
A%%ala9ala!& /r. /'.
P! %y&r *e$l!% *a$a"&a$ &eha#!ra" Allah S/T ya$ "elah
el!*ah&a$ raha" %er"a h!#ayah7Nya, %eh!$a %eala ha'a"a$ #a$
*era%alaha$ ya$ a#a #ala e'a" *e$el!"!a$ !$!, #a*a" "erla*a! #e$a$
'a!&.
Pe$el!"!a$ ya$ 'er#l : KONFLIK ETNIS MYANMAR(STUDI
EKSISTENSI ETNIS ROHINGYA DITENGAH TEKANAN PEMERINTAH)
!$!, *e$l!% 'a" #ala &r$ 0a&" 2 (e*a") 'la$, #e$a$ #a"a7#a"a ya$ %aya
*er+leh #ar! *er*%"a&aa$, !$"er$e" a*$ %'er la!$ ya$ relea$.
Pe$l!% e$6a*&a$ "er!a &a%!h a"a% 'a$"a$ *!ha&7*!ha& ya$
'er&a!"a$ #e$a$ *e$el!"!a$ !$!, a $"& *!ha& U$!er%!"a% /ah!# Ha%y!
Seara$ ya$ "elah e'a$" *e$el!"!a$ !$! %a*a! *e$l!% '!%a
e$yele%a!&a$$ya.
Se+a ha%!l *e$el!"!a$ !$! #a*a" 'era$-aa" #a$ '!%a e$a'ah 0a6a$a
'a! *e!$a" a%alah7a%alah !$"er$a%!+$al. T!#a& a#a a#!$ ya$ "a& re"a&,
*e$el!"!a$ !$! $&!$ ah #ar! %e*r$a. U$"& !" %ara$ #a$ &r!"!& ya$
e'a$$ a&a$ *e$l!% "er!a #e$a$ la*a$ #a#a #a$ &e!&hla%a$.
/a%%ala9ala!& /r./'.
Seara$, 1 Pe'rar! 418
Pe$el!"!
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaa$ #l.................................................................................................. !
Le'ar Pe$e%aha$ ........................................................................................ !!
A'%"ra&%!...........................................................................................................
!!!
Ka"a Pe$a$"ar..................................................................................................
Da-"ar I%!........................................................................................................... !
I#e$"!"a% #a$ Pe$e%aha$..................................................................................
5A5 I PENDAHULUAN............................................................................. 1
A. La"ar 5ela&a$.................................................................................... 1
5. R%a$ Ma%alah ........................................................................... 8
;. Kera$&a Pe!&!ra$............................................................................ 8
5A5 II METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .................................................. 1<
A. Me"+#e #a$ ;ara Pe$el!"!a$................................................................ 1<
5. Te&$!& Pe$a'!la$ Da"a................................................................... 1<
;. Te&$!& A$al!%a Da"a............................................................................ 13
5A5 III HASIL DAN PEM5AHASAN........................................................ 1=
A. Searah e"$!% R+h!$ya ...................................................................... 1=
5. S!&a* Peer!$"ah Mya$ar................................................................ 4
;. K+$-l!& E"$!% R+h!$ya #a$ E"$!% Ra&h!$e........................................ 41
1. A&ar Pe$ye'a' K+$-l!&... ............................................................... 48
4. Da*a& K+$-l!& E"$!% Mya$ar ........................................ .......... 84
5A5 I> KESIMPULAN ................................................................................. 82
DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................ 8?
LAMPIRAN............................................................................................ .......
83
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IDENTITAS DAN PENGESAHAN
1. a. #l Pe$el!"!a$ : K+$-l!& E"$!% Mya$ar (S"#! E&%!%"e$%!
E"$!% R+h!$ya D!"e$ah Te&a$a$
Peer!$"ah Mya$ar)
'. 5!#a$ Il : S+%!al P+l!"!&
4. Pe$el!"!
a. Naa Le$&a* #a$ Gelar : A$$a Yl!a Har"a"!, S.IP, MA
'. e$!% Kela!$ : Pere*a$
6. G+l+$a$ Pa$&a" #a$ NPP : III5 2.1.1.@
#. a'a"a$ F$%!+$al : D+%e$ Le&"+r
e. Fa&l"a% Pr+ra S"#! : ISIP H'$a$ I$"er$a%!+$al
-. P%a" Pe$el!"!a$ : LP8M
Seara$, 1 Pe'rar! 418
Me$e"ah!,
De&a$ Pe$el!"!
A$#! Pr0+$+, S.IP, M.S! A$$a Yl!a Har"a"!, S.IP,MA NPP. 2.1.1.23 NPP. 2.1.1.@
Me$ye"!,
Ke"a LP8M
U$!er%!"a% /ah!# Ha%y! Seara$
Th+l&a"l Kh+!r, M.A
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NIP.1=
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414 'ah0a Mya$ar "a& $&!$ e'er!&a$ &e0ara$earaa$ &e*a#a
&el+*+& R+h!$ya ya$ #!a$a* !!ra$ ela* #a$ *el!$"a% 'a"a% #ar!
5a$la#e%h !".
A&ar &+$-l!& ya$ la!$ a#alah a#a$ya &e6e'ra$ "erha#a* e"$!%
R+h!$ya. P+*la%! e"$!% M%l! R+h!$ya #ala 'e'era*a #a%a0ar%a !$! "er%
e$!$&a". Te$" %aa, hal !$! e$ye'a'&a$ &e6r!aa$ #a$ &e6e'ra$ *a#a
e"$!% ay+r!"a% Ra&h!$e. 5a! ere&a, &e'era#aa$ e"$!% R+h!$ya *$ %a$a"
$&!$ #!a$a* &er!&!l #ala %e*a", ya&$! %e%a" ya$ "er% e$a$.
Ke'era#aa$ e"$!% R+h!$ya #!a$a* e$ra$! ha& a"a% laha$ #a$ e&+$+!,
&h%%$ya #! 0!layah Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e ya$ e$a#! *%a" &eh!#*a$ e"$!%
M%l! !$!.
Sea"!$ya R+h!$ya "!#a& "e*a" #!%e'" Ce"$!% &are$a &a"a !" er*a&a$
la'el *+l!"!% ya$ #!$a&a$ $"& e*era$&a$ &e'era#aa$ &el+*+&
"er%e'" #! Mya$ar. 5e'era*a %eara0a$ Mya$ar e$a"a&a$ 'ah0a $aa
R+h!$ya 'ar $6l *a#a "ah$ 1=@7a$, %e"elah &eer#e&aa$ Mya$ar. Lal,
%!a*a %e'e$ar$ya ere&aB
Dala 6a"a"a$ P55, R+h!$ya ha$ya #!%e'" %e'aa! *e$##& M%l!
ya$ "!$al #! Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e, Mya$ar. Dar! %#" &e'aha%aa$, 'aha%a ya$
#!&la! %e'aa! 'aha%a R+h!$ya %e'e$ar$ya "era%& &e #ala r*$ 'aha%a
I$#+7Er+*a, &h%%$ya &era'a"' aha%a I$#+7Arya. Le'!h #e"a!l la!, 'aha%a
R+h!$ya #!&a"e+r!&a$ %e'aa! 'aha%a7'aha%a ;h!""a+$!a ya$ #!""r&a$ +leh
a%yara&a" #! 'a!a$ "e$ara 5a$la#e%h. See$"ara !", &e'a$ya&a$ 'aha%a #!
Mya$ar "er+l+$ r*$ Ta! Ka#al, A%"r+a%!a"!&, a"a S!$+7T!'e"a$. a#!,
ela% 'ah0a &el+*+& e"$!% R+h!$ya er*a&a$ &e"r$a$ e"$!% 5e$al!,
&h%%$ya %'7e"$!% ;h!""a+$!a ya$ "!$al #! 5a$la#e%h "e$ara.Pera%alaha$ e"$!% R+h!$ya %er!$ e$a#! %+r+"a$ e#!a !$"er$a%!+$al
la! #ar! *e$$%!a$ 'e%ar7'e%ara$ &e 5a$la#e%h h!$a !$%!#e$
"e$ela$ya &a*al *e$a$&" *e$$%! ya$ el!'a"&a$ a$&a"a$ la"
Tha!la$#. Da$ &!$!, "era#! &+$-l!& %e&"ar!a$ ya$ %a$a" e$6ea%&a$ a$"ara
e"$!% M%l! R+h!$ya #a$ *e$a$" 5#ha #! $eara 'a!a$ Ra&h!$e. Se$"!e$
a$"!7M%l! #! Mya$ar "elah 'erla$%$ 'era'a#7a'a#. Kl!" e"$!% R+h!$ya
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ya$ le'!h ela* e'a" ere&a #ah #!&e$al!. Se6ara -!%!& #a$ '#aya,
ere&a ea$ le'!h !r!* #e$a$ +ra$7+ra$ 5e$al!.
5a#a$ Pe$$%! P55 (UNH;R) e*er&!ra&a$ 3. R+h!$ya
h!#* #! $eara 'a!a$ Ra&h!$e #! %e'ah *e$$a$ Mya$ar ya$ 'er'a"a%a$
#e$a$ 5a$la#e%h. R!'a$ +ra$ e$6+'a $"& elar!&a$ #!r! %e"!a* "ah$ &e
5a$la#e%h, Malay%!a #a$ "e*a" la!$ #! &a0a%a$ !". Mere&a e$6+'a elar!&a$
#!r! &are$a ha&7ha& ere&a ya$ #!"!$#a% &are$a &era *a&%a #a$ *e$!$#a%a$.
&! Ru.u-an Ma-alah
Pe$el!"!a$ !$! $"& e$a0a' *era%alaha$ #! Mya$ar "er&a!" &+$-l!& e"$!%
a$"ara e"$!% R+h!$ya #a$ e"$!% Ra&h!$e ya$ 'er$ *a#a "!$#a&a$ &e&era%a$
#a$ *e$$%!a$ 'e%ar7'e%ara$ e"$!% R+h!$ya &e $eara la!$ #a$ a
&e"!#a&'er*!ha&a$ *eer!$"ah *a#a e"$!% R+h!$ya, %eh!$a ha&7ha&$ya "!#a&
#!'er!&a$ 'ah&a$ &e'era#aa$ya "!#a& #!a&! +leh *eer!$"ah.
1. Me$a*a "era#! &+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar ya$ el!'a"&a$ #a e"$!% ya!"
e"$!% R+h!$ya #a$ e"$!% Ra&h!$eB
4. A*a #a*a& #ar! &+$-l!& e"$!% "er%e'"B
/! Keran,+a &er0i+ir
Pe$el!"!a$ !$! e$$a&a$ &era$&a 'er*!&!r K+$-l!& e"$!% ya$
#!&e&a&a$ +leh M!6hael E. 5r+0$. Se"elah *era$ #!$!$ 'era&h!r #e$a$
*e6ah$ya U$! S+!e", 'a$ya& *!ha& 'erhara* 'ah0a a%a7a%a *er#aa!a$ a&a$
#a"a$. 5e'era*a ahl! #! #ala !l7!l %+%!al 'ah&a$ 'er*e$#a*a", 'ah0a
%earah %#ahlah 'era&h!r #e$a$ 'era&h!r$ya *era$ #!$!$. Searah 'era&h!r
#e$a$ &ee$a$a$ #e+&ra%! #a$ l!'eral!%e.Para *e!*!$ #$!a e!*!&a$ %e'ah "a"a$a$ #$!a 'ar ya$
a&r #a$ #aa!. Ta"a #$!a 'ar !$! a&a$ e$6eah %e"!a* 'e$"& *e*era$a$,
e%!" #! #ala e$a$a*! 'er'aa! 'e$6a$a ala, #a$ %e6ara a&"!- ela&&a$
*eera"aa$ %'er #aya #e! &ea&ra$ %elrh 'a$%a.1 Sea hara*a$
1 M!6hael E. 5r+0$, C;a%e% a$# I*l!6a"!+$% +- E"h$!6 ;+$-l!6", #ala The
Ethnicity Reader. Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Migration, Guibernau dan
John Rex (eds, Grea" 5r!"a!$, P+l!"y Pre%%, 1==
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"er%e'" "!#a& *er$ah e$a#! &e$ya"aa$ -a&"al. 5e'era*a "ah$ 'ela&a$a$ !$!,
#$!a #!0ar$a! #e$a$ 'er'aa! &+$-l!& e"$!% ya$ el!'a"&a$ 'eraa
&e*e$"!$a$ *+l!"!& #a$ e&+$+!.
Pa#a 'e'era*a &+$-l!&, %&ala &e&era%a$ ya$ "era#! 'e!" 'e%ar, #a$
'ah&a$ #a*a" #!%e'" %e'aa! e$+%!#a. 5a$ya& +ra$ "er"e$ #e$a$ &ela%a$
a*$ &e#alaa$ &+$-l!& ya$ "era#!. Pera$ #! 5+%$!a7Here+!$a *a#a
1=== e$ar!& 'a$ya& *erha"!a$ #a$ %!*a"! #ar! %elrh #$!a. 5e'era*a &+$-l!&
la!$$ya, %e*er"! #! A-a$!%"a$, A$+la, Are$!a, Aer'a!a$, 5ra, Ge+r!a,
I$#!a, I$#+$e%!a, L!'er!a, Sr! La$&a, S#a$, Ta!&!%"a$, 5a$la#e%h, 5el!,
5h"a$, 5r$#!, E%"+$!a, E"h!+*!a, Ga"eala, Ira, La"!a, Le'a$+$, Mal!,
M+l#+a, N!er, Irla$#!a U"ara, Pa&!%"a$, F!l!*!$a, R+a$!a, R0a$#a, A-r!&a
Sela"a$, S*a$y+l, #a$ Tr&!, a e!l!&! %&ala a%%al ya$ "!#a& '!%a #!a'a!&a$
'e!" %aa. K+$-l!& *+l!"!& #! T!'e", ;!$a, #a$ R%%!a a "a*a& %!a* ele"%
e$a#! &+$-l!& 'er#arah. 4
Hara*a$ 'ah0a P55 a&a$ e$a#! &e&a"a$ *+l!"!& ya$ 'er*e$arh,
ya$ %!a* e$6eah ele#a&$ya 'er'aa! &+$-l!& e"$!%, "a*a&$ya a "erlal
'erle'!ha$. Pa#a &+$-l!& #! 5+%$!a7Here+!$a, $eara7$eara Er+*a #a$
Aer!&a Ser!&a" le'!h %!'& e"%&a$, a*a&ah &+$-l!& ya$ "era#! %#ah
#a*a" #!%e'" e$+%!#a a"a 'el. Pra&"!%, "!#a& a#a "!$#a&a$ real ya$
#!la&&a$, &e"!&a +ra$7+ra$ #!'a$"a! #a$ *e%a0a"7*e%a0a" "e*r e$a"h&a$
'+ &e &+"a7&+"a. P55 "a*a&$ya "!#a& "erlal *e#l! #e$a$ &+$-l!& !$!,
"er"aa &are$a &e*e$"!$a$ $eara7$eara a ya$ a#a #! 'al!& P55 "!#a&
la$%$ "er&a!" #e$a$ &+$-l!& "er%e'".
K1.unita- Etni- 2an K1n3li+ Etni-Me$r" 5r+0$, &a"a &+$-l!& e"$!%9 %er!$&al! #!$a&a$ %e6ara -le&%!'el.
5ah&a$, #ala 'e'era*a *e$$aa$$ya, &a"a !$! %"r #!$a&a$ $"&
e$a'ar&a$ e$!% &+$-l!& ya$ %aa %e&al! "!#a& e*$ya 'a%!% e"$!%.
;+$"+h$ya a#alah &+$-l!& #! S+al!a. 5a$ya& *!ha& e$&a"e+r!&a$ &+$-l!&
ya$ "era#! #! S+al!a %e'aa! &+$-l!& e"$!%. Pa#ahal, S+al!a a#alah $eara
*al!$ h++e$ #ala hal e"$!%!"a% #! A-r!&a. K+$-l!& #! S+al!a "era#! '&a$
4 !bid
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&are$a *er"e$"a$a$ a$"ar e"$!%, ela!$&a$ &are$a *er"e$"a$a$ a$"ara *e$a%a
l+&al %a" #e$a$ *e$a%a l+&al la!$$ya, ya$ &e#a$ya 'era%al #ar! e"$!% ya$
%aa.
D!%!$! ela% #!*erl&a$ %a" #e-!$!%! ya$ 6&* %*e%!-!& "e$"a$ a*a ya$
#!a&%# #e$a$ &+$-l!& e"$!%. Me$r" A$"h+$y S!"h, &+$!"a% e"$!% a#alah
%a" &+$%e* ya$ #!$a&a$ $"& e$a'ar&a$ %e&*la$ a$%!a ya$
e!l!&! $e$e& +ya$ ya$ %aa, !$a"a$ %+%!al ya$ %aa #a$ 'e'era*a
elee$ &l"ral.8 Elee$7elee$ &l"ral !" a#alah &e"er&a!"a$ #e$a$ "e*a"
"er"e$", #a$ e!l!&! %earah ya$ &ra$ le'!h %aa. Ke#a hal !$! '!a%a$ya
e$a#! &ra$ 'a! %+l!#ar!"a% #ar! %a" &+$!"a%. S!"h ela$"&a$, 'ah0a
%e"!#a&$ya a#a e$a hal ya$ har% #!*e$h! %e'el %e'ah &el+*+& #a*a"
e$ye'" #!r! ere&a %e'aa! &+$!"a% e"$!%9.
"ertama, %e'ah &el+*+& har%lah e!l!&! $aa$ya %e$#!r!. Kr!"er!a
!$! "!#a&lah e$a#a7a#a. T!#a& a#a$ya $aa %*e%!-!& $"& %a" &el+*+&,
e$r" S!"h, e$a$#a&a$ 'el "er'e$"&$ya !#e$"!"a% %+%!al ya$ 6&* %+l!#
$"& #a*a" #!%e'" %e'aa! %a" &+$!"a% e"$!%.
#edua, +ra$7+ra$ #! #ala &el+*+& "er%e'" har%lah ya&!$, 'ah0a
ere&a e!l!&! $e$e& +ya$ ya$ %aa. Keya&!$a$ !$! %a$a"lah *e$"!$, #a$
'ah&a$ le'!h *e$"!$ #ar!*a#a !&a"a$ '!+l+!%. I&a"a$ '!+l+!% $&!$ %aa a#a,
"e"a*! "!#a& e$a#! !$"! #ar! &eya&!$a$, 'ah0a %a" &el+*+& e!l!&! lelhr
ya$ %aa.
#etiga, +ra$7+ra$ ya$ 'era#a #! #ala &el+*+& "er%e'" har%lah
e!l!&! !$a"a$ %+%!al ya$ %aa. Ke%aaa$ !" '!a%a$ya #!"a$#a! #e$a$
a#a$ya !"+%7!"+% a*$ lee$#a7lee$#a ya$ %aa, ya$ #!%a*a!&a$ #ar!
%a" e$era%! &e e$era%! 'er!&"$ya %e6ara l!%a$. #eem$at , &el+*+& "er%e'" har%lah 'er'a! &l"r ya$ %aa.
Ke%aaa$ &l"r "er%e'" #a*a" #!l!ha" #ala 'er'aa! &+'!$a%! a$"ara 'aha%a,
aaa, $+ra7$+ra a#a", *a&a!a$, %!&, &arya %e$!, ar%!"e&"r, #a$ 'ah&a$
a&a$a$.
8 A.D. S!"h, The Ethnic %rigins o& Nations, O-+r#, 5a%!l 5la6&0ell, 1=3?. hal
@17@4
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#elima, +ra$7+ra$ ya$ a#a #! #ala &el+*+& "er%e'" har%lah
era%a "er!&a" *a#a %a" "er!"+r! "er"e$", "er"aa "er!"+r! ya$ %e#a$ ere&a
"e*a"!.
#eenam, +ra$7+ra$ ya$ 'era#a #! #ala &el+*+& !" har%lah era%a
#a$ 'er*!&!r 'ah0a ere&a a#alah 'a!a$ #ar! %a" &el+*+& ya$ %aa. Ha$ya
#e$a$ 'e!"lah %a" &el+*+& #a*a" #!%e'" %e'aa! &+$!"a% e"$!%.
Dar! &r!"er!a !$! %e'e$ar$ya '!%a #!"ar!& &e%!*la$ %e#erha$a, 'ah0a
&+$-l!& e"$!% a#alah &+$-l!& "er&a!" #e$a$ *era%alaha$7*era%alaha$ e$#e%a&
e$e$a! *+l!"!&, e&+$+!, %+%!al, '#aya, #a$ "er!"+r!al a$"ara #a &+$!"a%
e"$!% a"a le'!h. K+$-l!& e"$!% %er!$&al! 'er$a$%a &e&era%a$, "e"a*! '!%a a
"!#a&. K+$-l!& e"$!% #! 5+%$!a #a$ A$+la e!l!&! #!e$%! &e&era%a$ ya$ lar
'!a%a 'e%ar. See$"ara, *er!$"aa$ +ra$7+ra$ e'e6 $"& e*er+leh
+"+$+! le'!h 'e%ar #ar! *eer!$"ah Ka$a#a ha*!r "!#a& e!l!&! #!e$%!
&e&era%a$ %aa %e&al!. Ya$ a har% #!"ea%&a$ a#alah, 'a$ya& &+$-l!& l+&al
%a" a%yara&a" %aa %e&al! "!#a& e!l!&! 'a%!% e"$!%!"a%. a#!, &+$-l!&7&+$-l!&
"er%e'" "!#a& '!%a #!%e'" %e'aa! &+$-l!& e"$!%. Per"e*ra$ a$"ara *eer!$"ah
Ka'+a #e$a$ "e$"ara Kher Merah "!#a& *er$ah '!%a #!%e'" %e'aa! &+$-l!&
e"$!%, &are$a ha&e&a" &+$-l!& a#alah *er%+ala$ !#e+l+!, #a$ '&a$ *er%+ala$
e"$!%.
K+$-l!& e"$!% a, e$r" 5r+0$, '!a%a$ya 'era$&a" #ar! &+$-l!& l+&al
ya$ %aa %e&al! "!#a& e!l!&! 'a%!% e"$!%!"a%, "e"a*! &e#!a$ ele'ar
6a$&*a$$ya, 'ah&a$ %a*a! el!$"a%! 'a"a%7'a"a% $eara.2 5!a%a$ya, $eara
"e"a$a #ar! &+$!"a% ya$ 'er&+$-l!& e!l!h %a" #ar! #a 'e$"& !$"ere$%!
'er!&" !$!, ya&$! e$"ah ere&a e!l!h $"& e$"* *er'a"a%a$ $a
e$6eah *e$ye'ara$ &+$-l!& le'!h ah, a"a ere&a e!l!h $"& !$"ere$%!&e &+$!"a% ya$ "e$ah 'er&+$-l!& $"& el!$#$! &e*e$"!$a$ e&+$+!
a*$ *+l!"!& ere&a. K+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a '!%a ela&&a$ !$"ere$%!
a"a% #a%ar &ea$%!aa$, "er"aa &e"!&a &+$-l!& ya$ "era#! la! e$ye'ar #a$
el&a! 'a$ya& 0ara %!*!l.
2 'r+0$, %$.'it, hal 3
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A+ar4a+ar K1n3li+ Etni-
5!a%a$ya, +ra$ 'era$a*a$ 'ah0a &+$-l!& e"$!% le'!h #!%e'a'&a$ +leh
r+'+h$ya re! +"+r!"er "er"e$", ya$ &e#!a$ e$#+r+$ *!ha&7*!ha& #! #ala
%a" $eara "er"e$" $"& %al!$ 'ere'" &e&a%aa$. Se+lah7+lah "e&a$a$ ya$
laa e$!$#a% ere&a &!$! %#ah ha$6r, %eh!$a #e$#a laa, "er"aa
#e$#a a&!'a" &+$-l!& #! a%a lal, &!$! "a*!l &e #e*a$. 5a$ya& ahl! ya$
'er*e$#a*a", 'ah0a *e$ela%a$ !$! "!#a&lah ea#a!. Are$ !$! "!#a& '!%a
e$ela%&a$, e$a*a #! 'e'era*a "e*a" ya$ %a" "era#! &+$-l!&, %ee$"ara #!
"e*a" la!$ "!#a&. Are$ !$! a aal e$ela%&a$, e$a*a &+$-l!& ya$
%a" e!l!&! %&ala &e&eaa$ ya$ le'!h 'e%ar #ar!*a#a &+$-l!& la!$$ya. De$a$
&a"a la!$, a&ar7a&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& e"$!% "!#a& '!%a #!&e'al!&a$ ha$ya &e*a#a
%a" -a&"+r *e$ye'a' %aa.@
D! #ala "l!%a$$ya, 5r+0$ e$a&a$ "!a leel a$al!%!% $"&
eaha! a&ar7a&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& e"$!%. Leel *er"aa a#alah leel %!%"e!&.
Leel &e#a a#alah leel #+e%"!&, #a$ leel &e"!a a#alah leel *er%e*%!.
a. Leel %!%"e!&
Pe$ye'a' *er"aa "era#!$ya &+$-l!& e"$!% a#alah leah$ya +"+r!"a%
$eara, 'a!& $a%!+$al a*$ !$"er$a%!+$al, $"& e$6eah &el+*+&7&el+*+&
e"$!% ya$ a#a $"& %al!$ 'er&+$-l!&. O"+r!"a% ya$ a#a a %a$a" leah,
%eh!$a "!#a& a* e$a!$ &e%elaa"a$ !$#!!#7!$#!!# ya$ a#a #!
#ala &el+*+& "er%e'". C.. #! #ala %!%"e #!a$a "!#a& a#a$ya *e$a%a,
#e!&!a$ "l!% 5r+0$, C ya&$!, #!a$a a$ar&! 'er&a%a, %ea &el+*+& har%lah
e$ye#!a&a$ *er"aha$a$ #!r!$ya %e$#!r!7%e$#!r!JSe"!a* &el+*+& re%ah, a*a&ah
&el+*+& la!$ a&a$ e$yera$ ere&a, a"a a$6aa$ #ar! &el+*+& la!$ a&a$
e#ar #e$a$ 'erala$$ya 0a&". Ma%alah$ya a#alah, %!&a* *er"aha$a$ #!r!%a" &el+*+&, ya&$! #e$a$ e+'!l!%a%! "e$"ara #a$ %ea *erala"a$ !l!"er,
'!%a #!a$a* %e'aa! "!$#a&a$ e$a$6a +leh &el+*+& la!$$ya. Pa#a
a&h!r$ya, hal !$! a&a$ e!6 "!$#a&a$ %er*a #ar! &el+*+& la!$, %e&al!%
e$!$&a"&a$ &e"ea$a$ *+l!"!% #! a$"ara #a &el+*+& "er%e'". I$!lah ya$
#!%e'" 5r+0$ %e'aa! #!lea &eaa$a$ (%e6r!"y #!lea).?Ar"!$ya, %a"
&el+*+& %er!$&al! "!#a& e$ya#ar! #a*a& #ar! "!$#a&a$$ya "erha#a*
@
ibid ? ibid, hal 337=
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&el+*+& la!$$ya. Mea$ #ala 'a$ya& &a%%, %a" &el+*+& e$ya#ar!
#!lea &eaa$a$ !$!. A&a$ "e"a*!, ere&a "e"a* 'er"!$#a&, &are$a ere&a %e$#!r!
era%a "era$6a +leh "!$#a&a$ #ar! &el+*+& la!$. I$!lah ya$ '!a%a$ya "era#!
*a#a a%yara&a" *a%6a re! +"+r!"er. Pe$a%a "$al %#ah r+'+h, #a$ &!$!
%e"!a* &el+*+& har% 'er%aha e$aa e&%!%"e$%!$ya a%!$7a%!$, #a$ !"
%er!$&al! #e$a$ e$a$6a e&%!%"e$%! &el+*+& la!$$ya.
5r+0$ le'!h ah e$a'ah&a$, 'ah0a a#a #a &+$#!%! ya$
e$&!$&a$ "era#! &e"!#a%"a'!la$ *+l!"!%. Per"aa, &+$#!%! &e"!&a *!ha& ya$
e$yera$ #a$ *!ha& ya$ 'er"aha$ "!#a& la! '!%a #!'e#a&a$. Sa" &el+*+&
"!#a& la! '!%a e$e$"&a$, a*a&ah ere&a #ala *+%!%! 'er"aha$, a"a *+%!%!
e$yera$. Mere&a a&a$ e*er%!a*&a$ &e&a"a$ !l!"er$ya ya$ #!$a&a$
$"& 'er"aha$. A&a$ "e"a*!, &el+*+& la!$$ya a&a$ e$!ra, 'ah0a &el+*+&
"er%e'" %e#a$ e*er%!a*&a$ &e&a"a$ !l!"er$ya $"& e$yera$.
Ke"ea$a$ a$"ara &e#a &el+*+& *$ "!#a& la! "erela&&a$.
Ke#a, !&a &e&a"a$ *e$yera$a$ le'!h 'e%ar #ar! &e&a"a$ 'er"aha$,
a&a %a" &el+*+& a&a$ 6e$#er$ $"& ela&&a$ *e$yera$a$ "erle'!h
#ahl. Me$r" 5r+0$, &e#a &+$#!%! !$! '!a%a$ya $6l, &e"!&a re! +"+r!"er
ya$ 'er&a%a "!'a7"!'a r+'+h, #a$ !$! e'a" %e"!a* &el+*+& ya$ a#a #!
#ala a%yara&a" "er%e'" "er*a&%a'er%aha $"& e*er"aha$&a$ e&%!%"e$%!$ya
a%!$7a%!$. D! #ala %!"a%! !$!, %!a*a *!ha& ya$ e$yera$ #a$ %!a*a *!ha&
ya$ 'er"aha$ aa"lah %l!" $"& #!'e#a&a$. 5!a%a$ya, &el+*+&7&el+*+&
ya$ %al!$ 'er"e*r *a%6a a"h$ya %a" re! +"+r!"er "!#a& e$$a&a$
"e&$+l+! *era$ ya$ 6a$!h. Mere&a ha$ya 'er%a$#ar *a#a &e&a"a$ !$-a$"er!.
E-e&"!!"a% !$-a$"er! "er%e'" 'er%a$#ar *a#a &e&a"a$ +"!a%! #a$ &a$"!"a%
*a%&a$. M+'!l!%a%! !$-a$"er! #ar! %a" &el+*+& "er"e$", e$r" 5r+0$, '!a%a$ya a&a$ e$#+r+$ &el+*+& la!$$ya $"& ela&&a$ hal ya$ %aa.
'. Leel a$al!%!% D+e%"!&
Leel !$! e$e$a! a&ar7a&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& e"$!% 'era#a #! leel
#+e%"!&. Me$r" 5r+0$, leel #+e%"!& !$! "er&a!" #e$a$ &ea*a$
*eer!$"ah $"& ee$h! &ehe$#a& ra&ya"$ya, *e$arh $a%!+$al!%e #a$
rela%! a$"ar &el+*+& e"$!% #! #ala a%yara&a", %er"a *e$arh #ar! *r+%e%
#e+&ra"!%a%! #ala &+$"e&% rela%! a$"ar &el+*+& e"$!%. Se"!a* +ra$ %elal
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e$hara*&a$ aar *eer!$"ah$ya e$ye#!a&a$ &eaa$a$ #a$ %"a'!l!"a%
e&+$+!. Ke#a hal !$! a&a$ 'erara *a#a "er6!*"a$ya &ea&ra$ e&+$+!
ya$ era"a #! #ala a%yara&a". A*a ya$ #!%e'" $a%!+$al!%e, e$r"
5r+0$, %e'e$ar$ya a#alah C&+$%e* ya$ e$a'ar&a$ &e'"ha$ $"&
e$#!r!&a$ %a" $eara ya$ a* e0#&a$ "a$7"a$ !$!.
T$""a$ !$! a&a$ %ea&!$ 'e%ar, &e"!&a *eer!$"ah ya$ 'er&a%a "!#a&
a* e0#&a$ 6!"a76!"a "er%e'". D! #ala a%yara&a" *a%6a *eer!$"aha$
re! +"+r!"er, *eer!$"ah ya$ 'er&a%a %e#a$ e$ala! *r+%e% a#a*"a%!, #a$
%er!$&al! 'el a* e0#&a$ &e%"a'!l!a$ e&+$+! a*$ *+l!"!&.
A&!'a"$ya, "!$&a" !$-la%! #a$ *e$a$ra$ e$!$&a" "aa. Pr+%*e&
*er&e'a$a$ e&+$+! *$ %ra. Dala 'a$ya& &a%%, &el+*+& e"$!%
!$+r!"a% e$a#! &a'!$ h!"a #ar! %ea *era%alaha$ !$!. Mere&a e$a#!
"'al #ar! &e&a6aa$ ya$ "era#!.
Pr+'le !$! %ea&!$ r!", &e"!&a l+!&a ya$ 'erera& '&a$lah la!
l+!&a $a%!+$al!%e, ela!$&a$ l+!&a -$#ae$"al!%e e"$!%. 5e!$!, &e"!&a
*eer!$"ah ya$ 'er&a%a %a$a"lah leah, *aha $a%!+$al!%e '!a%a$ya le'!h
#!#a%ar&a$ *a#a *er'e#aa$ e"$!%, #a$ '&a$ *a#a %a" *e!&!ra$ 'ah0a %e"!a*
+ra$ ya$ h!#* #! %a" $eara e!l!&! ha& #a$ &e0a!'a$ ya$ %aa. Pa#a
ha&e&a"$ya, e$r" 5r+0$, *aha $a%!+$al!%e #!#a%ar&a$ *a#a ha&7ha&
$!er%al #ar! %e"!a* 0ara $eara #! #ala %a" $eara, #a$ ha&7ha& "er%e'"
#!l!$#$! +leh h&. H& ya$ %aa a el!$#$! &e'e'a%a$ 0ara
$eara "er%e'" $"& e$ya*a!&a$ *a$#a$a$7*a$#a$a$ ere&a. A&a$ "e"a*!,
$a%!+$al!%e ya$ #!#a%ar&a$ *a#a -$#ae$"al!%e e"$!% "!#a& e$e$al!
*a$#a$a$ "er%e'", ela!$&a$ le'!h e$e&a$&a$ *a#a &e%aaa$ e"$!% #a$ &l"r.
D! %!%! la!$, *aha $a%!+$al!%e ya$ #!#a%ar&a$ *a#a -$#ae$"al!%ee"$!% a&a$ e'a" %a" &el+*+& #a*a" #e$a$ #ah e+'!l!%a%! a%%a,
#a$ e'e$"& %a" *a%&a$ ya$ e!l!&! +"!a%! 'er*era$ ya$ "!$!.
!&a %#ah %e*er"! !$!, &e&a"a$ !l!"er a&a$ e$a#! %a" &e&a"a$ ya$ %a$a"
&ea. Pera$ #e$a$ %&ala &e&eaa$ ya$ a%!- *$ "!#a& la! '!%a "erela&&a$.
D! #ala *e$el!"!a$$ya, D+$al# H+r+0!" 'er*e$#a*a" 'ah0a *r+%e%
#e+&ra"!%a%! !$%"!"%! *eer!$"aha$ e!l!&! #a*a& 'e%ar 'a! "era#!$ya
&+$-l!& a$"ar e"$!%.
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5ah&a$ #a*a" *la #!&a"a&a$, 'ah0a *r+%e% #e+&ra"!%a%! %e6ara la$%$
#a*a" e$6!*"a&a$ %a%a$a &e"!#a&%"a'!la$ *+l!"!% ya$ le'!h 'e%ar, #a$ #e$a$
#e!&!a$ %"r e'&a *ela$ le'!h 'e%ar 'a! "era#!$ya &+$-l!& a$"ar e"$!%.
Pr+%e% #e+&ra"!%a%! %"r e$!$&a"&a$ !$"e$%!"a% &+$-l!& e"$!% ya$ "elah
"era#!.
6. Leel Per%e*%!
5e'era*a ahl! 'er*e$#a*a", 'ah0a *e$ye'a' "era#!$ya &+$-l!& e"$!%
a#alah, &are$a a#a$ya *eahaa$ %earah ya$ "!#a& "e*a" e$e$a! rela%! a$"ara
#a a"a le'!h &el+*+& e"$!%. Searah ya$ ere&a ya&!$! '&a$lah ha%!l #ar!
*e$el!"!a$ ya$ *$ya #a%ar e"+#!% #a$ +'ye&"!!"a%, ela!$&a$ #ar! r+r,
+%!*, #a$ lee$#a, ya$ '!a%a$ya #!"r$&a$ #ar! %a" e$era%! &e e$era%!
la!$$ya. ;er!"a76er!"a "er%e'" &e#!a$ e$a#! 'a!a$ #ar! a#a" !%"!a#a". De$a$
'erlal$ya 0a&", 6er!"a76er!"a !$! %ea&!$ ah #ar! real!"a%, #a$ %ea&!$ 'a$ya&
'a!a$ ya$ #!le'!h7le'!h&a$. D! #ala 6er!"a76er!"a "er%e'", &el+*+& e"$!% la!$
%er!$&al! e*er+leh 6a* 'r&, %ee$"ara &el+*+& e"$!% %e$#!r! e*er+leh
$aa 'a!& ya$ %er!$&al! 'er'e#a #e$a$ real!"a%$ya. Kel+*+& e"$!% la!$
#!*a$#a$ %e'aa! %a" &el+*+& ya$ %e6ara !$here$ aha" #a$ are%!-. A$+"a
&el+*+& e"$!% %e"e*a" ea$#a$ *eahaa$ !$! %e'aa! %a" 'e$"&
&e'!a&%a$aa$ lelhr ya$ #!"r$&a$ &e e$era%! ere&a.
T!#a&lah e$hera$&a$, 'ah0a 6er!"a76er!"a a#a" !%"!a#a" el!'a"&a$ %a"
*er"ar$a$ 0a6a$a ya$ er*a&a$ 6er!$a$ #ar! *a$#a$a$ &el+*+& ya$
%a" &e*a#a &el+*+& la!$$ya. Ora$7+ra$ Ser'!a, !%al$ya, ea$#a$ #!r!
ere&a %e$#!r! %e'aa! *e$aa Er+*a. Mere&a a ea$#a$ +ra$7+ra$
Kr+a%!a %e'aa! 'a$%a ya$ &ea. D! %!%! la!$, +ra$7+ra$ Kr+a%!a era%a
'ah0a ere&a a#alah &+r'a$ #ar! &e&eaa$ are%! +ra$7+ra$ Ser'!a ya$ '!a#a'. D! #ala 6ara *a$#a$ %ea6a !", %ea *er!%"!0a ya$ "era#! a&a$
e$!$&a"&a$ !$"e$%!"a% &e6r!aa$ ya$ %#ah "er"a$a #! #ala &l"r a%!$7
a%!$ e"$!%. Da$ %ea &ea#!a$ $ea"!- a&a$ #!*a$#a$ %e'aa! %a" a-!ra%!
"erha#a* !"+% ya$ %#ah a#a %e'el$ya, %e&al!% #!*a$#a$ %e'aa! ala%a$
$"& ela&&a$ "!$#a&a$ are%!-. Hal !$!lah ya$ e'a" &+$-l!& a$"ar e"$!%
%l!" #!h!$#ar!, #a$ !&a "era#!, #a*a& #e%"r&"!-$ya a&a$ %l!" $"& #!re#a.
Sea &e*er6ayaa$ ya$ 'er%!-a" !"+l+!% #a$ !#e+l+!% !$! e$6!*"a&a$
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"e&a$a$ ya$ %ea&!$ e*er'e%ar %&ala &+$-l!&. K+$-l!& *$ $a$"!$ya a '!%a
%ea&!$ #!*er*arah +leh *r+*aa$#a *ara *+l!"!&% ya$ !$!$ ea$-aa"&a$
&e*er6ayaa$ !$! $"& &e*e$"!$a$7&e*e$"!$a$ ere&a.
Pr+'lea"!&a %ea6a !$! '!a%a #!ala! +leh %a" a%yara&a" ya$ h!#*
*a%6a *eer!$"aha$ +"+r!"er, ya$ %er!$&al! ea$!*la%! %earah #e! $"&
e$6!*"a&a$ !"+%7!"+% *+l!"!& ya$ #a*a" e$#&$ &e*e$"!$a$7&e*e$"!$a$
re!. Re! *eer!$"aha$ +"+r!"er a %er!$&al! "!#a& e!l!&! 'a%!% !l!ah
ya$ &a" $"& e'&"!&a$ !"+% %earah "er%e'". Hal !$! "e$"$ya a&a$
%ea&!$ e*er&a" a&ar !"+% *+l!"!& ya$ a#a #! a%yara&a", ya$ %a$a"
$&!$ e$a#! -a&"+r e$!$&a"$ya !$"e$%!"a% &+$-l!& a$"ar e"$!% %a*a! *a#a
%&ala$ya ya$ *al!$ a%!-.
Da.0a+ 2ari K1n3li+ Etni-
A*a&ah #a*a& ya$ #!"!'l&a$ +leh &+$-l!& e"$!% 'a! $eara7$eara
%e&!"ar #a$ 'a! &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al %e6ara &e%elrha$B Me$r" 5r+0$,
a0a'a$ a"a% *er"a$yaa$ !$! %a$a"lah "era$"$ *a#a e$!% &+$-l!& ya$ "era#!,
#a$ 'aa!a$a alr &+$-l!& "er%e'" 'erla$%$. <
Se"!#a&$ya, a#a "!a &e$&!$a$ ya$ '!%a "era#! %e'aa! a&!'a" #ar!
*e6ah$ya &+$-l!& e"$!%, ya&$! "era#!$ya re&+$%!l!a%! %e6ara #aa!, *er*!%aha$
e"$!% %e6ara #aa!, #a$ *era$ %a#ara. De$a$ &a"a la!$, &el+*+&7&el+*+&
ya$ 'er*era$ '!%a %e" $"& h!#* 'er%aa %e6ara #aa!, %e" %e6ara
#aa! $"& 'er*!%ah, a"a "er% 'er*era$ $"& e$e$"&a$ %!a*a ya$ 'erha&
e$a#! *e$a%a a"a% %ea$ya.
$! Re+1n-ilia-i Da.ai
Dala 'e'era*a &a%%, &el+*+&7&el+*+& e"$!% ya$ "erl!'a" #ala&e"ea$a$ *+l!"!% #a*a" "e"a* 'e&era %aa #ala &era$&a *+l!"!& #a$ h&
"er"e$". Dala &e"ea$a$ "er%e'" %"r '!a%a$ya, ha&7ha& !$+r!"a% #a$ ha&7
ha& !$#!!#al a&a$ #!a$&a" &e #ala *er#e'a"a$, #a$ e*er+leh *ea&$aa$
ya$ 'ar. A%"r!a, 5el!a, #a$ S0!%% "elah 'a$ya& e'a" *era$!a$ *+l!"!%
ya$ e$a!$ 'ah0a e"$!%7e"$!% ya$ 'era#a #! $eara "er%e'" "!#a& "erl!'a" #!
#ala a&%! &e&era%a$, $a$ e$e*h ala$ #!al+ #a$ &+*r+!. E"$!%
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;a"ala$, Gal!6!a$, #a$ 5a%e #! S*a$y+l "elah 'er#aa! %e"elah e$e*h
#!al+ 'er&e*a$a$a$ "e$"a$ ha&7ha& ere&a. /ala*$ %er!$ 'er#e'a", "e"a*!
ere&a "!#a& *er$ah a"h &e #ala &+$-l!& e"$!% ya$ e!l!&! %&ala &e&era%a$
a%!-. Per"e$"a$a$ a$"ara *eer!$"ah I$#!a #! %a" %!%! #a$ %e*ara"!% Naa, M!+,
#a$ Ghar+ #! %!%! la!$, "elah 'era&h!r #e$a$ ala$ #!al+ #a$ &+*r+! *+l!"!%.
Ke"!&a &el+*+& e"$!% ya$ %al!$ 'er'e#a *e$#a*a" #a*a" e$yele%a!&a$
*er"e$"a$a$ ere&a elal! ala$ #!al+, a&a *e$arh *er"e$"a$a$ "er%e'"
%a$a"lah &e6!l 'a! $eara #! %e&!"ar$ya, a"a 'a! a%yara&a" !$"er$a%!+$al
%e6ara &e%elrha$. ala$ #!al+ '!a%a$ya a a&a$ e$#a*a"&a$ #&$a$ 'e%ar
#ar! &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al, %eh!$a 0ala*$ %al!$ 'er"e$"a$a$, "e"a*! ha&7
ha& !$#!!# #a$ ha&7ha& &a !$+r!"a% #a*a" "e"a* "era!$. Ma&%!al, !&a
ala$ #!al+ 'erha%!l, %a"7%a"$ya ya$ *erl #!ra$6a$ la$ a#alah *era$!a$
#aa$ a$"ara &+$!"a% ya$ %al!$ 'er"e$"a$a$. D! lar !", #a*a& ya$
#!ra%a&a$ '!a%a$ya %a$a" &e6!l.
! Per0i-ahan -e5ara 2a.ai
Pa#a &a%%7&a%% la!$, &el+*+&7&el+*+& e"$!% ya$ %al!$ 'er"e$"a$a$
"!#a& #a*a" er%&a$ %a" *era$!a$ ya$ a* e$a*$ &e*e$"!$a$
%ea *!ha&. Oleh &are$a !", %a"7%a"$ya ala$ ya$ #a*a" #!"e*h a#alah
#e$a$ e"%&a$ h'$a$ leal #a$ *+l!"!% ya$ %#ah a#a %e'el$ya. Pa#a
'e'era*a &a%%, %e*er"! *a#a *e6ah$ya U$! S+!e" #a$ *e6ah$ya ;e6h+%l+a&!a,
*er*!%aha$ leal7*+l!"!% !$! #a*a" 'erara *a#a "era#!$ya *er"*aha$ #arah,
0ala*$ %&ala$ya "!#a&lah 'e%ar. /ala*$ 'e!", *er*!%aha$ leal7*+l!"!% !$!
'!a%a$ya ha$yalah #! "a"ara$ a&r+ %aa. Pa#a "a"ara$ !&r+, &el+*+&7&el+*+&
e"$!% ya$ %al!$ 'er*era$ era%a *er*!%aha$ "er%e'" a&a$ e$a$6a "+"al!"a%!#e$"!"a% ere&a, ya$ 'erara *a#a "era$6a$ya *e$arh *+l!"!% ere&a #!
#$!a !$"er$a%!+$al. Ma&a, 0ala*$ "er*!%ah %e6ara leal7*+l!"!%, &el+*+& e"$!%
ya$ %al!$ 'er"e$"a$a$ '!a%a$ya "e"a* e!l!&! h'$a$ ya$ era" %a" %aa
la!$.
/ala*$ 'e!", *er*!%aha$ leal *+l!"!% !$! "e"a* e'a0a #a*a&
'e%ar 'a! &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al. Se"!#a&$ya, e$r" 5r+0$, a#a e$a
#a*a& ya$ la$%$ &el!ha"a$ .
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Per"aa, a*a ya$ %e'el$ya #!a$a* %e'aa! "a*al 'a"a% #ar! $eara
"er"e$", &!$! har% #!*aha! %e'aa! "a*al 'a"a% #ar! $eara la!$, a"a "a*al 'a"a%
!l!& &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al. Ke#a, &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a har%
e"%&a$, a*a&ah ere&a a&a$ e$a&! &e#ala"a$ #ar! $eara ya$ 'ar,
a"a "!#a&. !&a a0a'a$$ya *+%!"!-, a&a 'e$"& #a$ e&a$!%e *e$a&a$
&e#ala"a$ a"a% $eara 'ar "er%e'" har%lah #!*!&!r&a$ le'!h ah. Ke"!a,
&+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a har% e"%&a$ %"a"% &ea$+"aa$ $eara 'ar
"er%e'" #! #ala +ra$!%a%!7+ra$!%a%! !$"er$a%!+$al, %e*er"! Er+*ea$
;+$!"y, ASEAN, a"a P55.
Kee*a", *era$!a$7*era$!a$ !$"er$a%!+$al ya$ el!'a"&a$ $eara
"er&a!" a har% #!r%&a$ la$. M!%al$ya, *era$!a$ *e$ra$a$
*e$$aa$ %e$a"a %"ra"e!% a$"ara U$! S+!e" #a$ Aer!&a Ser!&a" har%lah
#!r%&a$ la$ *a#a 1==4, &are$a *e6ah$ya U$! S+!e" ya$ e$a&!'a"&a$
"er'e$"&$ya e*a" $eara, ya&$! R%%!a, U&ra!$a, Kaah&%"a$, #a$ 5elar%.
Kee*a" $eara "er%e'" &!$! har%lah er%&a$ *er$a$!a$ la$ "er&a!"
#e$a$ !% %e$a"a %"ra"e!%. Se6ara , &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al har%lah
ya&!$, 'ah0a $eara ya$ 'ar "er'e$"& a&a$ e$a'!l 'a!a$ #! #ala
*era$!a$ !$"er$a%!+$al "er&a!" #e$a$ !%7!% ya$ *e$"!$.
Kel!a, *era$!a$ e&+$+! #a$ -!$a$%!al a har%lah #!r%&a$ la$,
ya$ a 'erar"! #!'"h&a$ %a" *e$#a*!$a$ e&+$+! #a$ -!$a$%!al ya$
!$"e$%!- 'a! $eara ya$ 'ar "er'e$"&. Da$ &ee$a, &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al
a har% a har% el!ha" #a*a& #ar! "er'e$"&$ya $eara 'ar "er%e'" 'a!
%"a'!l!"a% re!+$al #e$a$ $eara7$eara %e&!"ar$ya, %e&al!% #a*a&$ya 'a!
&e%e!'a$a$ &e&a%aa$ #! leel !$"er$a%!+$al. Da*a& !$! %a$a"lah
'er*e$arh 'e%ar. ;+$"+h ya$ *al!$ ela% a#alah *e6ah$ya U$! S+!e". Dala&+$"e&% !$!, &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al har% e"%&a$ 'aa!a$a ere&a har%
'er%!&a* "erha#a* $eara 'ar ya$ "er'e$"&, !%al$ya #ala hal al!a$%!
*er%e$a"aa$. 5e'era*a $eara 'e&a% U$! S+!e" e"%&a$ $"& 'era'$
#e$a$ NATO.
5a$ya& hal7hal #! a"a% a&a$ e$a#! *r+'le, 'a!& %e'el a*$
%e%#ah $eara 'ar "er&a!" re%! "er'e$"&. De$a$ #e!&!a$, e$r" 5r+0$,
&+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al har%lah %eera e'a" &e*"%a$ e$e$a! &ee$a
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hal #! a"a% %e6e*a" $&!$. !&a &e*"%a$ "erla'a" #!'a", a&a &e$&!$a$
a&a$ "era#! &e&a6aa$ #! $eara 'ar "er%e'", a"a alah "era#! &+$-l!& e"$!%
ya$ el!'a"&a$ &e&era%a$. Ke%"a'!la$ #a$ &eaa$a$ !$"er$a%!+$al a#alah
"arha$$ya #! %!$!.
*! Peran, Sau2ara
Pa#a &a%%7&a%% la!$$ya, &el+*+&7&el+*+& e"$!% ya$ %al!$
'er"e$"a$a$ "!#a& a* e'a" *er%e"a$ 'er%aa, 'a!& #ala hal
re&+$%!l!a%! a"a*$ *er*!%aha$ leal *+l!"!% %e6ara #aa!. 5a$ya& *er"e$"a$a$
a$"ar e"$!% %"r 'erara *a#a &+$-l!& ya$ el!'a"&a$ &e&era%a$ *a#a %&ala
ya$ a%!-. Te$" %aa, +"!-7+"!- ya$ e$a&!'a"&a$ "era#!$ya &+$-l!& !$!
'eraa. Kel+*+& e"$!% !$+r!"a% '!%a e$$"" $"& e'e$"& $eara
ere&a %e$#!r!, a"a e$$"" +"+$+! *+l!"!& #ala 'e$"& -e#eral $a
e$e$"&a$ $a%!' ere&a %e$#!r!. Se'al!&$ya, &el+*+& e"$!% ay+r!"a% '!a%a$ya
he$#a& e*er'e%ar &e&a%aa$ ere&a a"a% %elrh "er!"+r!, "era%& &e&a%aa$
ere&a a"a% &el+*+& !$+r!"a%.
Pa#a 'e'era*a &a%%, &el+*+& e"$!% !$+r!"a% &alah, #a$ *eer!$"ah
ya$ 'er&a%a 'erha%!l e0#&a$ "a"a$a$ *+l!"!% ya$ ere&a !$!$&a$. Hal !$!
*al!$ ela% #! #ala &a%% T!'e". Ka%%7&a%% %ea6a !$!, e$r" 5r+0$,
e!l!&! #a*a& %a$a" &e6!l 'a! &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al, "e*a" &are$a %"a"%
&e&a%aa$ "!#a&lah 'er'ah. Hal ya$ e$a#! *er#e'a"a$ '!a%a$ya a#alah,
a*a&ah &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a&a$ e'er!&a$ "e&a$a$ *+l!"!% &e*a#a
&el+*+& e"$!% ay+r!"a% $"& e$h+ra"! ha&7ha& #a%ar &el+*+& e"$!%
!$+r!"a%, a"a "!#a&B
Pa#a &a%%7&a%% la!$$ya, &el+*+& e"$!% !$+r!"a% 'erha%!l
e'er+$"a&, #a$ e'e$"& $eara ere&a %e$#!r!. Hal !$! #a*a" #!l!ha" *a#a&a%% 5a$la#e%h #a$ Sl+e$!a. !&a hal !$! "era#!, a&a &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al
a har% e$ha#a*! e$a &+$%e&e$%!, %e*er"! *a#a *er*!%aha$ %e6ara #aa!.
K+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al a har% e'a$" $eara 'ar "er%e'" $"& *l!h
&e'al! %e"elah e$ala! *era$ %a#ara. A&a$ "e"a*!, a#a a &a%%7&a%%, #!
a$a "!#a& a#a %a" *!ha& *$ ya$ e$a$ #! #ala *er"e*ra$. K+$-l!& *$
'er&e'a$ %ea&!$ 'e%ar, #a$ 'erara *a#a &e'$"a$. Ka%% !$! '!%a
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#!"e&a$ #! A$+la, ;y*r%, #a$ Sr! La$&a. T!#a& a#a %+l%! *+l!"!& a"a*$
!l!"er ya$ '!%a e$yele%a!&a$ &+$-l!& #! %a$a.
Per"a$yaa$ re-le&"!- #ar! %ea !$! a#alah, e$a*a &!"a har%
e*e#l!&a$ hal7hal %ea6a !"B Me$a*a &!"a har% e*e#l!&a$
"era#!$ya *era$ a$"ar e"$!% #! $eara ya$ le"a&$ya %a$a" ah #ar! $eara &!"a
%e$#!r!B A*a&ah &!"a e!l!&! &e0a!'a$ $"& ela&&a$ !$"ere$%! #! #ala
&+$-l!&7&+$-l!& "er%e'"B A#a #a a0a'a$ a"a% *er"a$yaa$ !$!. Per"aa, %&ala
&+$-l!& e"$!% e$6!*"a&a$ %ea6a &e0a!'a$ +ral #! #ala #!r! &!"a ya$
e$#e$ar$ya $"& ela&&a$ !$"ere$%!, %eh!$a %&ala &e&era%a$ '!%a
#!!$!al!%!r, a"a*$ #!h!la$&a$ %aa %e&al!. A#a %ea6a *a$!la$ &e*a#a
&!"a $"& e$ra$! *e$#er!"aa$, a*a*$ 'e$"&$ya, "er"aa ya$ #!a&!'a"&a$
+leh *era$. Ke#a, 'e'era*a &+$-l!& e"$!% %e6ara la$%$ e$a$6a
&e*e$"!$a$ &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al %e6ara &e%elrha$.
Me$a*a &!"a har% *e#l! #e$a$ %ea !"B Me$a*a &!"a har% *e#l!
#e$a$ &+$-l!& ya$ le"a&$ya r!'a$ &!l+ e"er #ar! "e*a" &!"a h!#*B Salah %a"
ala%a$$ya a#alah, &are$a &+$-l!& "er%e'" ela$ar $!la!7$!la! ya$ #!a&! +leh
a%yara&a" !$"er$a%!+$al, #a$ #e$a$ #e!&!a$ e*e$arh! a%yara&a"
!$"er$a%!+$al %e6ara &e%elrha$. Me$a$a*! !$!, 'a$ya& %aha "elah #!la&&a$
$"& e'e#a&a$ %e6ara ela% ya$ a$a *!ha& ya$ e'er+$"a&, #a$ ya$
a$a *!ha& ya$ %e6ara %ah e!l!&! +"+r!"a% a"a% %a" 0!layah. Salah %a"$ya
a#alah #e$a$ er%&a$ %ea6a &+#e e"!& *e*era$a$. A&a$ "e"a*!, #ala
real!"a%, hal !$! %er!$&al! #!a'a!&a$, "er"aa &e"!&a &e#a *!ha& ya$ 'er*era$
la! %e6ara %!%"ea"!% #a$ #!%e$aa e$a#!&a$ a%yara&a" %!*!l %e'aa!
%a%ara$ ere&a.
Ala%a$ la!$$ya a#alah, &are$a *e'!ara$ "erha#a* %ea 'e$"& *e'a$"a!a$ a%yara&a" %!*!l a#alah %a" "!$#a&a$ ya$ ela$ar +ral!"a%
$!er%al &!"a %e'aa! a$%!a. Ke&eaa$ ya$ "era#! #! era$ *a#a *era$
#$!a &e#a, a"a *e'er%!ha$ e"$!% ya$ "era#! #! 5+%$!a *a#a a&h!r a'a# &e#a
*lh lal, e$ye$"h ra%a &ea$%!aa$ #! #ala #!r! &!"a $"& ela&&a$
!$"ere$%! $a e$6eah "era#!$ya &+r'a$ le'!h 'a$ya& la!. a#!, a#a
&e0a!'a$ +ral #a$ &e0a!'a$ leal ya$ e$!&a" &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al
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$"& ela&&a$ !$"ere$%! "erha#a* %ea 'e$"& &+$-l!& e"$!%, "er"aa ya$
%e6ara $ya"a e$a#!&a$ 0ara %!*!l %e'aa! &+r'a$ ere&a.
De$a$ lah %e'a$ya& !", &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%! "er%e'" "e$"$ya
e!l!&! *e$arh "erha#a* &+$!"a% !$"er$a%!+$al %e'aa! &e%elrha$.
Per"aa, !&a *ara *e$$%! *er! &e $eara "e"a$a, #! a$a &el+*+& e"$!%
ere&a a e!l!&! lah ya$ 'e%ar #! %a$a, a&a a#a &e$&!$a$ a&a$
"er6!*"a %+l!#ar!"a% a$"ar a$+"a e"$!% ya$ %aa. Pa#a a&h!r$ya, $eara "e"a$a,
ya$ a0al$ya "!#a& "erl!'a" &+$-l!&, a '!%a "erl!'a" #! #ala *era$ ya$
%e'e$ar$ya '&a$ *era$ ere&a. Hal !$! "e$" %aa e*erla% %&ala *era$.
Ke#a, &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%! #ala lah 'e%ar "e$"$ya a&a$
e$!$&a"&a$ '!aya e&+$+! 'a! $eara "er&a!". Para *e$$%! eerl&a$
a&a$a$ #a$ "e*a" "!$al $"& e$$a$ h!#* ere&a. 5ah&a$, #ala
'e'era*a &a%%, $eara "e"a$a har% e$a*$ *ara *e$$%! $"& a$&a
0a&" ya$ "!#a& '!%a #!"e$"&a$. Ke"!a, &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%! #ala lah
'e%ar a #a*a" e$a$6a &e"ha$ !#e$"!"a% &l"ral #ar! $eara ya$
#!"e*a"!, "er"aa a *ara *e$$%! e$#!r!&a$ %e&+lah, %ra" &a'ar,
+ra$!%a%!7+ra$!%a%! 'er'a%!%&a$ e"$!%, #a$ rah !'a#ah ere&a %e$#!r!.
Kee*a", &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%! #ala lah 'e%ar a '!%a e$a#! %a"
'e$"& &e&a"a$ *+l!"!% "er"e$". Ke&a"a$ *+l!"!% !$! a&a$ e*e$arh! *er%e*%!
$eara ya$ ere&a "e*a"! #ala hal &e'!a&a$ lar $eer!, "er"aa e$e$a!
$eara a%al *ara *e$$%! "er%e'", ya$ ea$ %e#a$ e$ala! &+$-l!&.
5e'era*a $eara &ha0a"!r, 'ah0a *ara *e$$%! a&a$ 'er'al!& e$e$"a$
ere&a, !&a ere&a e'a" &e'!a&a$ ya$ 'er"e$"a$a$ #e$a$ &e*e$"!$a$
*ara *e$$%! "er%e'". Da$ &el!a, !&a &eha#!ra$ *ara *e$$%!, #e$a$
%eala *r+'lea"!&a ya$ $6l 'er%aa$ya, %$h e$a#! a$6aa$ 'a!$eara %e&!"ar$ya, a&a P55 *$ya &e0a!'a$ $"& ela&&a$ !$"ere$%! *a#a
&r!%!% ya$ "e$ah "era#!.
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&A& II
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A! Met12e 2an /ara Penelitian
Me"+#e ya$ #!$a&a$ #ala *e$el!"!a$ !$! a#alah e"+#e *e$el!"!a$
&al!"a"!-. Me$r" 5+#a$ #a$ Tayl+r, e"+#e *e$el!"!a$ &al!"a"!- !alah
*r+%e#r *e$el!"!a$ ya$ e$ha%!l&a$ #a"a #e%&r!*"!- 'er*a &a"a7&a"a
"er"l!% a"a l!%a$ #ar! +ra$7+ra$ #a$ *er!la& ya$ #a*a" #!aa"!.3
Me"+#e De%&r!*"!- a#alah %a" e"+#e #ala e$el!"! %"a"%
%e&el+*+& a$%!a, %a" +'ye&, %a" %e" &+$#!%!, %a" %!%"e *e!&!ra$a"a*$ %a" %!%"e *e!&!ra$ a"a*$ %a" &ela% *er!%"!0a *a#a a%a
%e&ara$. Ta$ #ar! *e$el!"!a$ #e%&r!*"!- a#alah $"& e'a" #e%&r!*%!,
a'ara$ a"a l&!%a$ %e6ara %!%"ea"!%, -a&"al, a&ra" e$e$a! -a&"a7-a&"a,
%!-a"7%!-a" %er"a h'$a$ a$"ar -e$+e$a ya$ #!%el!#!&!.=
D!"!$a #ar! %e! a%alah ya$ #!%el!#!&!, "e&$!& #a$ ala" ya$ #!$a&a$
*e$el!"!, %er"a "e*a" #a$ 0a&" *e$el!"!a$ ya$ #!la&&a$, *e$el!"!a$ !$!
a%& #ala &a"e+r! *e$el!"!a$ *er*%"a&aa$ #a$ #+&e$"er.
Dala e"+#e !$! *e$el!"! 'er%aha $"& e$#e%&r!*%!&a$ "e$"a$
*r+%e% #!*l+a%! I$#+$e%!a #ala %e$&e"a &e*e!l!&a$ &e#a Pla ya$
"era#! #! ah&aah I$"er$a%!+$al. De$a$ #a"a #a"a ya$ "er%e#!a *e$el!"!
e$a$al!%a "e$"a$ &ea#aa$ ya$ "era#!.
&! Te+ni+ Pen,a.6ilan Data
Pe$el!"!a$ !$! #!la&&a$ #e$a$ *e$el!"!a$ #+&e$ . Pe$el!"!a$ #+&e$
#!a&%#&a$ $& e$#e%&r!*%!&a$ 'er'a'a! real!"a ya$ #!"el!"!.. Da"a
#!*er+leh elal! %'er #a"a %e&$#er. Da"a %e&$#er #!*er+leh #e$a$
e$a#a&a$ eala%! "erha#a* %'er, &ea#aa$ #a"a %e&$#er$ya #a$ a
*e$el!"! har% e$er!a l!!"a%!7l!!"a%! #ar! #a"a "er%e'". Da"a7 #a"a %e&$#er
#!*er+leh elal! %"#! #+&e$"er, ya&$! elal! aalah, %ra" &a'ar, '&7
'& #a$ %'er7%'er la!$ ya$ 'erh'$a$ #e$a$ "+*!& *e$el!"!a$ !$!.
3
Ley M+le+$, Metode "enelitian #ualitati& , R+%#a&arya, 5a$#$, 1=3=, hal 48= M+h. Na"%!r, Metode "enelitian, Ghal!a I$#+$e%!a, a&ar"a,1=33,hal.?8
48
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Pe$el!"! e$*l&a$ #a"a #ar! *er*%"a&aa$ F!%!* U$!er%!"a% Ga#ah
Ma#a Y+ya&ar"a. a #ar! 'e'era*a *er*%"a&aa$ ya$ "er#a*a" #a"a ya$
relea$ #e$a$ *e$el!"!a$ !$!.
/! Te+ni+ Anali-a Data
A$al!%a #a"a #!la&&a$ elal! !$"er*re"a%! #ar! #+&e$"a%! ya$
"er&*l, &e#!a$ #!a$al!%!% %e6ara #e%&r!*"!- &al!"a"!-. De$a$ e$a#a&a$
%re! "erha#a* #a"a ya$ "elah a#a *e$el!"! e$al! "e+r!7"e+r! ya$ "elah
'er&e'a$ #ala '!#a$ !l ya$ 'er&e*e$"!$a$. U$"& e$e"ah! al!#!"a%
#a"a !$-+ra%! ya$ #!*er+leh #!a#a&a$ 'ross cheing #a"a "er%e'" e$$&&a$
a#a$ya reliable #a"a ya$ a&a$ #!a$al!%a.
42
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&A& III
HASIL DAN PEM&AHASAN
A! SE7ARAH ETNIS ROHINGYA
Dala 6a"a"a$ P55, R+h!$ya ha$ya #!%e'" %e'aa! *e$##& M%l!
ya$ "!$al #! Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e, Mya$ar. Dar! %#" &e'aha%aa$, 'aha%a ya$
#!&la! %e'aa! 'aha%a R+h!$ya %e'e$ar$ya "era%& &e #ala r*$ 'aha%a
I$#+7Er+*a, &h%%$ya &era'a"' aha%a I$#+7Arya. Le'!h #e"a!l la!, 'aha%a
R+h!$ya #!&a"e+r!&a$ %e'aa! 'aha%a7'aha%a ;h!""a+$!a ya$ #!""r&a$ +leh
a%yara&a" #! 'a!a$ "e$ara 5a$la#e%h. See$"ara !", &e'a$ya&a$ 'aha%a #!
Mya$ar "er+l+$ r*$ Ta! Ka#al, A%"r+a%!a"!&, a"a S!$+7T!'e"a$. a#!,
ela% 'ah0a &el+*+& e"$!% R+h!$ya er*a&a$ &e"r$a$ e"$!% 5e$al!,
&h%%$ya %'7e"$!% ;h!""a+$!a ya$ "!$al #! 5a$la#e%h "e$ara.
Ke$6la$ *e&!a$ M%l! #! Ara&a$ %e'aa! 6!&al 'a&al &el+*+&
R+h!$ya "erla6a& %ea& aa$ Keraaa$ Mra& U, &h%%$ya *a#a aa$ Raa
Narae!&hla (12871282). Se"elah #!'a$ &e 5e$al, Narae!&hla lal
e$a%a! &e'al! Mra& U 'er&a" 'a$"a$ Sl"a$ 5e$al. Se!r!$ #e$a$
'er&a%a$ya Narae!&hla, a%& *la *e$##& M%l! #ar! 5e$al &e0!layah
Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e. Dala *er&e'a$a$$ya, lah *e&! M%l! #ar!
5e$al "er% 'er"a'ah, "er"aa &e"!&a I$r!% e$a%a! Ra&h!$e. Kare$a
&ra$$ya *+*la%! #! Ra&h!$e, I$r!% ea%&&a$ 'a$ya& +ra$ 5e$al! &e
Ra&h!$e $"& 'e&era %e'aa! *e"a$!. Oleh &are$a !", %a*a! %aa" !$! *la,
&e'a$ya&a$ +ra$ R+h!$ya 'e&era #! %e6"+r arar!%.
Ke"!&a I$r!% ela&&a$ %e$%% *e$##& *a#a 1=11, *e&! M%l!
#! Ara&a$ %#ah 'erlah @3 r!' +ra$. lah !" "er% 'er"a'ah *a#a "ah$1=47a$ &e"!&a I$r!% e$"* *er'a"a%a$ I$#!a, %eh!$a +ra$ 5e$al!
e!l!h a%& &e Ra&h!$e. Sea& "ah$7"ah$ !$! *lalah la! "!'l &+$-l!&
#e$a$ *e$##& l+6al ya$ ay+r!"a% er*a&a$ *e$a$" 5##ha.
5er"a'ah$ya lah *e$##& !ra$" e'a" *e$##& l+&al &ha0a"!r
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I-tilah R1hin,8a
Lal, 'e$ar&ah !%"!lah R+h!$ya 'ar $6l *a#a "ah$ 1=@7a$B
Seara0a$ a6e% P. Le!#er e$a"a&a$ 'ah0a *a#a a'a# &e713 a#a 6a"a"a$
%e+ra$ I$r!% ya$ 'er$aa Fra$6!% 56ha$a$7Ha!l"+$ ya$ %#ah
e$ye'"&a$ a#a$ya a%yara&a" M%l! #! Ara&a$. Mere&a e$ye'" #!r!
ere&a CR++!$a. A#a ya$ e$a"a&a$ 'ah0a !%"!lah !$! 'era%al #ar! &a"a
)rahma) (raha") #ala 'aha%a Ara' a"a )rogha) (*er#aa!a$) #ala 'aha%a
Pa%h"$. Sela!$ !", a#a *la ya$ e$a!"&a$$ya #e$a$ 0!layah Rha#!
A-ha$!%"a$ ya$ #!a$a* %e'aa! "e*a" a%al R+h!$ya.
De$a$ #e!&!a$, le*a% #ar! a*a&ah R+h!$ya er*a&a$ %e'ah e"$!%
a"a "!#a&, #a$ a*a&ah "era%& &e #ala e"$!%!"a% Mya$ar a"a "!#a&B S#ah
ela% 'ah0a R+h!$ya er*a&a$ &+$!"a% !ra$" #ar! 5a$la#e%h ya$ %#ah
ra"%a$ "ah$ "!$al #! Ara&a$, Ra&h!$e, Mya$ar. Se'aa! &+$!"a% ya$
%#ah laa e$e"a* #! %e'ah 0!layah ya$ &e'e"la$ &!$! e$a#! 'a!a$ #ar!
$eara Mya$ar, "e$" %aa %#ah %elaya&$ya ere&a e$#a*a"&a$ ha&7ha& #a%ar
ere&a, "er"aa %"a"% &e0ara$earaa$. Me%&!*$ #e!&!a$, %!&a* *eer!$"ah
Mya$ar %#ah ela% %e*er"! ya$ #!%a*a!&a$ The!$ Se!$ 'ah0a Mya$ar "a&
$&!$ e'er!&a$ &e0ara$earaa$ &e*a#a R+h!$ya. Na$, Mya$ar
e$a0ar&a$ %+l%! 'er*a *e$!r!a$ r!'a$ +ra$ R+h!$ya &e $eara la!$ a"a
"e"a* "!$al #! Ara&a$, "e"a*! 'era#a #! 'a0ah *e$a0a%a$ P55. a#!,
&el!ha"a$$ya e"$!% R+h!$ya a%!h 'el '!%a 'er$a*a% lea %a*a! 'e'era*a
"ah$ e$#a"a$.
&! SIKAP PEMERINTAH MYANMAR
P!a$ a%yara&a" !$"er$a%!+$al *a#a re-+ra%! Mya$ar har% 'e$ar7 'e$ar #!6era"!. Pa%al$ya, e'ar7e'+r re-+ra%! #! $eara ya$ %e'el$ya
#!%e'" 5ra !" "er$ya"a 'el 'er*e$arh %e6ara %!$!-!&a$ 'a! e"$!%
!$+r!"a% R+h!$$ya. Kel+*+& M%l! !$+r!"a% !$! h!$a %aa" !$! "e"a*
e$a#! &+r'a$ #!%&r!!$a%! #a$ *eera%a$ #! Mya$ar. D!%&r!!$a%! *a#a
0ara I%la !$! %e6ara $ya"a "er'&"! #e$a$ *e$+la&a$ *eer!$"aha$ Pre%!#e$
The!$ Se!$ a"a% %"a"% e"$!% "er%e'".Peer!$"ah Mya$ar h!$a &!$! 'el
e$a&! e"$!% R+h!$ya %e'aa! 0ara$ya.
4?
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ya$ *er$ah #!&a%a! %e6ara 'era$"!a$ +leh +ra$ H!$#, 5#ha #a$ M%l!.
Pa#a 148 M, 5e$al! e$a#! %e'ah $eara I%la,#a$ %ea& %aa" !" *la
*e$arh I%la la! era'ah a%& &e0!layah Ara&a$. H!$a *a#a a&h!r$ya
*a#a 128 M, Ara&a$ e$a#! %e'ah $eara M%l!.ya$ #!"a$#a! #e$a$
#!ra"!-!&a%!$ya Pera$!a$ Ya$#a'+ e$ye'a'&a$ 5ra, Ara&a$ #a$ Te$a%%er!
#!a%&&a$ &e 0!layah 5r!"!%h7I$#!a. Selaa 8@ "ah$ &eraaa$ M%l! 'er#!r!
#! Ara&a$ #a$ Ua" I%la h!#* #e$a$ "e$a$. Na$ *a#a 42 Se*"e'er 1
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'ar ya$ #!'a$$. 5ah&a$ *ara *e!*!$ aaa "elah #!*e$ara &are$a
ere$+a%! Ma%!#. Se+ra$ *ea'a" %e$!+r Per%er!&a"a$ 5a$%a75a$%a ya$
%er!$ 'er"a% &e #aerah7#aerah &r!%!% &ea$%!aa$ Perla&a$ re! 5ra
"erha#a* &a !$+r!"a% M%l! R+h!$ya, #!%e'"7%e'" C%e'r&7'r&
*erla&a$ "erha#a* &eer#e&aa$ a$%!a. /a&!l Se&re"ar!% e$#eral P55 $"&
Ur%a$ Kea$%!aa$ #a$ K++r#!$a"+r 5a$"a$ Darra", >aler!e A+%,
e$ya"a&a$ 'ah0a R+h!$ya #!*a$#a$ %e'aa! %alah %a" &+$!"a% *al!$
"er"!$#a% #! #$!a.18
/!$! AKAR PENYE&A& KONFLIK
Pre%!#e$ Mya$ar The!$ Se!$, e$a"a&a$ 3 r!' *e$##& R+h!$ya
har% #!"e*a"&a$ #! %elah &a* #a$ #!&!r! (&e'al!) &e 5a$la#e%h
elal! *er'a"a%a$. Pre%!#e$ The!$ Se!$ e$+la& e$a&! e"$!% R+h!$ya
%e'aa! 0ara $eara Mya$ar. Peer!$"ah 5a$la#e%h e$a& &e0alaha$ #a$
"a& a* e$er!a l!*aha$ *e$$%! R+h!$ya #! $eer!$ya 'aha%a
&a%ar$ya, e$+la& &e#a"a$a$ e"$!% R+h!$ya #ar! Mya$ar.
Ke'!a&a$ Mya$ar !" #!$!la! *ara *e$!a" HAM %e'aa! *e'er%!ha$
e"$!%. La*+ra$ Amnesty !nternational, l! 414, a#a "!$#a& &e&era%a$,
*e'$ha$, #a$ *eer&+%aa$, +leh *a%&a$ &eaa$a$ Mya$ar "erha#a*
0ara R+h!$ya ya$ 'eraaa I%la #! 0!layah Ra&h!$e, *er'a"a%a$
5a$la#e%h 7 Mya$ar. A&!'a"$ya @8. M%l! R+h!$ya e$$%! e$6ar!
"e*a" aa$. Me$r" #a"a *eer!$"ah Mya$ar, &e&era%a$ a$"ara e"$!% 5##ha
#a$ M%l! #! Ra&h!$e %#ah 'erla$%$ %ea& $! 414 lal, M%l!
R+h!$ya ya$ "e0a% e$6a*a!
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Me$"er! Lar Neer! Mya$ar /$$a Ma$ L0! e$a"a&a$ (#ala
&+$-ere$%! *er% ya$ #!ha#!r! Pela*+r Kh%% P55 T+a% Oea
!$"a$a), e$a"a&a$, *eer!$"ah Mya$ar e$era*&a$ "!$#a&a$ a&%!al
$"& e$he$"!&a$ &e&era%a$ a$"ar e"$!% #! Ra&h!$e *er"!&a!a$ ya$ "era#!
Ra&h!$e a$"ara E"$!% R+h!$ya #a$ e"$!% a"a *$ %&7%& %e"e*a"
(a%l!*r!'!) Mya$ar. /$$a Ma$ L0!, e'a$"ah "#ha$ 'ah0a a*ara"
&eaa$a$ e$y!&%a #a$ e$a$&a*! *e$$%! M%l! R+h!$ya. %"r,
e$6+'a ere#a&a$ &e&era%a$ #a$ &+$-l!& #! 0!layah Ra&h!$e
"er%e'". Mya$ar e$+la& "#ha$ 'e'era*a *!ha& ya$ e$a"a&a$ 'ah0a
*e"a% e$$a&a$ &e&era%a$ #a$ *e$a$!ayaa$ #ala e$a"a%! &ea#aa$,
"#ha$ "er%e'" 'er"a$ $"& e*+l!"!%!r #a$ e$arah&a$ !% #! Ra&h!$e
%e'aa! &+$-l!& aaa.
E"$!% R+h!$ya ya$ (#! 'a0ah +leh I$r!%) #a$ #a"a$ #ar! A-ha$!%"a$,
er*a&a$ "r$a$ *ara "e$"ara ('ayara$) -e+#al I$r!%, $"& ela0a$
*era$a$ ra&ya" I$#!a ere'" &eer#e&aa$. Mere&a a#alah *ara *e'era$!
ya$ #!'ayar $"& ela0a$ ra&ya" I$#!a. Da$ &e"!&a, 5a$la#e%h 'er#!r! %e'aa!
Neara Mer#e&a, %&7%& "er%e'" a%!h 'el 'a$ya& 'er'ah, 'ah&a$
#!"+la& +leh 5a$la#e%h %e'aa! '&a$ 0ara a%l! 5a$la#e%h a &e'al! &e
A-ha$!%"a$, "erlal ah $"& ela$&ah, #a$ "a& $&!$ $"& #!la&&a$.
A&!'a"$ya, merea men1adi orang2orang tan$a Negara.
Se'aa! e"$!% ya$ #! "+la& %a$a7%!$!, "e$" %aa ha$ya #e$a$ %r!e
ere&a '!%a 'er"aha$ h!#*. Da$ #ala %!&+$ %e*er"! !", $6l %!-a" %e$%!"!-,
%!&a* *a%rah e$er!a &ea#aa$ %er"a rea&"!- #a$ $erla3an "erha#a* a*a #a$
%!a*a *$. Hal7hal !"lah, ya$ &e#!a$ e$a#! a&ar &+$-l!& (#a$ &e#!a$
ela%), %eh!$a e$a#! &+$-l!& a$"ar %& #a$ 'er'are$a$ #e$a$ !", &are$aR+h!$ya ay+r!"a% M%l!, %e#a$&a$ *eer!$"ah #a$ 0ara Mya$ar
ay+r!"a% 5#ha, a&a #!a#!&a$ %e'aa! &+$-l!& aaa.
Da$ %ea$ya !", #!$a&a$ %e'aa! %e$"!e$ *er"!&a!a$ a$"ar aaa,
&are$a *al!$ #ah #! a$&a" %e6ara *+l!"!& #a$ &e &a$6ah I$"er$a%!+$al,
("era%& #!!$*+r &e N%a$"ara e$a#! !% aaa #a$ *e'a"a!a$ "erha#a* a"
5eraa +leh &a%a #a$ &e&a%aa$), *l% ''7'' '%& #a$ &e'%&a$
8
http://lifestyle.kompasiana.com/catatan/2012/07/29/yahudi-palestina-kurdi-rohingya/http://lifestyle.kompasiana.com/catatan/2012/07/29/yahudi-palestina-kurdi-rohingya/
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la!$$ya. U$"& e*erela% a&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!&, *e$el!"! e!lah a&ar &+$-l!&
e$a#! "!a 'a!a$ %e*er"! #!'a0ah !$!.
/!$!$! Pen8e6a6 2ari le9el Si-te.i+
Pe$ye'a' &+$-l!& #ala leel !$! '!%a #!ela%&a$ *e$ye'a' *er"aa
"era#!$ya &+$-l!& e"$!% a#alah leah$ya +"+r!"a% $eara, 'a!& $a%!+$al a*$
!$"er$a%!+$al, $"& e$6eah &el+*+&7&el+*+& e"$!% ya$ a#a $"& %al!$
'er&+$-l!&. Me$r" R. May, $eara leah #e$a$ le!"!a%! &!$era ya$
leah("er"aa #!"a$#a! +leh K+r*%!, Ne*+"!%e #a$ %alah r%) #ah
#!a$&!"! &+$-l!& !$"er$, #a$ #ala hal a%yara&a" "er*e6ah7*e6ah #! %e*a$a$
ar!% %& a"a #aerah, era&a$7era&a$ &e%&a$ #a$ %e*ara"!%e er*a&a$
a$6aa$ ya$ "er% e$er% a#a *a#a &eaa$a$ $eara. 1@ Neara %ela% ?3 r!'
& !$! "elah #!*er!$"ah +leh *eer!$"aha$ !l!"er %ea& &#e"a "ah$ 1=33.
Neara !$! a#alah $eara 'er&e'a$ #a$ e!l!&! *+*la%! le'!h #ar! @ "a
!0a. I' &+"a $eara !$! %e'el$ya "erle"a& #! Ya$+$ %e'el #!*!$#ah&a$
+leh *eer!$"aha$ $"a !l!"er &e Nay*y!#a0 *a#a "a$al < N+e'er 4@.
Pa#a 1=33, "era#! el+'a$ #e+$%"ra%! 'e%ar e$e$"a$ *eer!$"aha$
$"a !l!"er. Gel+'a$ #e+$%"ra%! !$! 'era&h!r #e$a$ "!$#a& &e&era%a$ ya$
#!la&&a$ "e$"ara "erha#a* *ara #e+$%"ra$. Le'!h #ar! 8 +ra$ "er'$h.
Pa#a *e!l 1== *ar"a! *r+7#e+&ra%! *!*!$a$ A$ Sa$ S Ky! ee$a$!
34 *er%e$ %ara $a$ ha%!l *e!l !$! "!#a& #!a&! re! !l!"er ya$ 'er&a%a. 1?
Ke&a6aa$ *+l!"!& 'erla$" #e$a$ a#a$ya el+'a$ *r+"e% ya$ 6&*
'e%ar #ar! &ala$a$ 5!&% *a#a "ah$ 4
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#e+ a #!*!6 +leh $a!&$ya hara 55M 'e'era*a ra"% *er%e$ a&!'a"
#!6a'"$ya %'%!#!.
De+ el!'a"&a$ r!'a$ '!&%h &e#!a$ ele"% #!'er'aa! &+"a #!
Mya$ar, *ara 0ara %!*!l a&h!r$ya a 'a$ya& ya$ e$!&"!. Peer!$"ah
$"a M!l!"er ela&&a$ a&%! &e&era%a$ #ala e''ar&a$ #e+7#e+ 'e%ar
!$!, Pa+#a7*a+#a #!%eel, *ara #e+$%"ra$ #!"aha$, #a$ %e$a"a #!$a&a$ $"&
e''ar&a$ a%%a. 5a$ya& '!&% #!"aha$, 'e'era*a #!ya&!$! #!%!&%a #a$
e$!$al #$!a. Se*a$a$ Gel+'a$ *r+"e% "era#! 'ela%a$ +ra$ #!ya&!$!
e$a#! &+r'a$, "era%& %e+ra$ re*+r"er 'er&e'a$%aa$ e*a$, Ke$! Naa!,
ya$ #!"e'a& +leh "e$"ara #ar! ara& #e&a" %aa" el!*" #e+$%"ra%!. Kea"!a$
0ara e*a$ !$! e!6 *r+"e% e*a$ *a#a Mya$ar #a$ e$a&!'a"&a$
#!6a'"$ya 'e'era*a 'a$"a$ e*a$ &e*a#a Mya$ar.1<
A&%! *r+"e% 'era&ar #ar! *era%alaha$ 'ah0a E"$!% 5!ra, 'era%al #ar!
T!'e", er*a&a$ e"$!% ay+r!"a% #! Mya$ar. Na$, e"$!% 5!ra a#alah
&el+*+& ya$ #a"a$ 'ela&a$a$ #! Mya$ar, ya$ %#ah le'!h #ahl #!#!a!
e"$!% Sha$ (S!a #ala 'aha%a Tha!). E"$!% Sha$ *a#a $ya e$h$!
0!layah #! %e*a$a$ *er'a"a%a$ Tha!la$#7Mya$ar. Se'el e"$!% 5!ra #a"a$,
%ela!$ e"$!% Sha$, %#ah a#a e"$!% M+$, ya$ e$h$! 0!layah %ela"a$, a
#e&a" *er'a"a%a$ #e$a$ Tha!la$#. Se'aa!a$a "era#! #! 'a$ya& $eara, #!
a$"ara "!a e"$!% "aa #! Mya$ar !$! "era#! *era$. Sa" %aa la!$ %!l!h
'era$"! e$a#! *e$a%a #! #aerah ya$ #!$aa&a$ 5!ra, &!$! Mya$ar.
O"+r!"a% ya$ a#a a %a$a" leah, %eh!$a "!#a& a* e$a!$
&e%elaa"a$ !$#!!#7!$#!!# ya$ a#a #! #ala &el+*+& "er%e'". C.. #! #ala
%!%"e #!a$a "!#a& a#a$ya *e$a%a, #e!&!a$ "l!% 5r+0$, C ya&$!, #!a$a
a$ar&! 'er&a%a, %ea &el+*+& har%lah e$ye#!a&a$ *er"aha$a$ #!r!$ya%e$#!r!7%e$#!r!J 13Se"!a* &el+*+& re%ah, a*a&ah &el+*+& la!$ a&a$
e$yera$ ere&a, a"a a$6aa$ #ar! &el+*+& la!$ a&a$ e#ar #e$a$
'erala$$ya 0a&".
Ter$ya"a &e&era%a$ #! Mya$ar "erha#a* %& !$+r!"a% !" "era#!
%e'el #e+$%"ra%! #a$ *e'e'a%a$ A$ Sa$ S Ky!.1= Per!%"!0a #! Ra&h!$e
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!$! e$$&&a$ 'ah0a *e$a$!ayaa$ "er%e'" %"r #!%*+$%+r! +leh $eara.
Se*er"! #!la$%!r +leh AFP, Le'aa Ha& A%a%! Ma$%!a #! Ne0 Y+r&, Aer!&a
Ser!&a", e$e&a$, *eer!$"ah Mya$ar %"r e$#&$ &a*a$ye "erha#a*
"!$#a&a$ &e&era%a$ ya$ #!la&&a$ &e*a#a R+h!$ya.4
Me$r" S"e0ar" Da!e%, r '!6ara Ka$"+r K++r#!$a"+r Ur%a$
Kea$%!aa$ P55 (O;HA P55) #! 5ra, Pre%!#e$ The!$ Se!$ e$a"a&a$,
5ra *erl e$yele%a!&a$ !% &e0ara$earaa$ !" #e$a$ 6ara ya$ *+%!"!- #a$
ea%&&a$ %ea $%r a%yara&a".41
A&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& '!%a 'era%al #ar! *!ha& lar ya$ ea$ %e$aa
$"& !&" "erl!'a" #!#ala &+$-l!& "er%e'". Na%!' M%l! R+h!$$ya %ea&!$
e$&ha0a"!r&a$. D! $eara$ya %e$#!r! #!a$a* %e'aa! !lleal ;!"!e$%, #a$ #!
lar $eara "!#a& #!"er!a. R!'a$ +ra$ M%l! R+h!$ya e$a#! &+r'a$
*e'a$"a!a$. T!#a& ha$ya !", *re%!#e$ Mya$ar, The!$ Se!$ el+$"ar&a$
*er$ya"aa$ &+$"r+er%!al e$%!r M%l! R+h!$ya %e'aa! *e$yele%a!a$
&+$-l!& 'er$a%a e"$!% #a$ aaa #! $eara !". 5ah&a$ #!a e$a0ar&a$ &e*a#a
P55 !&a a#a $eara ya$ 'er%e#!a e$a*$ ere&a.
Me$r" D!re&"r E&%e&"!- Gl+'al F"re I$%"!""e, a&ar"a, ya$ "era#!
#! Ara&a$ !$! '&a$ ha$ya Muslim 'leansing , "a*! a /udha 'leansing .
Me$r" *e$aa" !$"er$a%!+$al !$!, ya$ e$a#! &+r'a$ '&a$ ha$ya
a%yara&a" %l! a*$ 5#ha, "a*! a "era#! 'e$"ra$ *era#a'a$ #!
Mya$ar. A#a *era!$a$ &+r*+ra%! "er"e$" ya$ 'er&+la'+ra%! #e$a$ $"a
!l!"er Mya$ar. Pe!6$ya !r!* #e$a$ A'+$, %e'ah a%alah &r!!$al
ya$ &e#!a$ #!*+l!"!%a%!. U$"& !" har% #!*aha! %&ea 'e%ar$ya. Ya$
%e%$h$ya "era#! a#alah ;lea$%!$ a%yara&a".44
Dar! #a"a ya$ a#a, *a#a "ah$ 1=33, $6l %!%"e 'ar #! Mya$ar./ala*$ re! +"+r!"er !l!"er ya$ e!*!$, "a*! Mya$ar e$$a&a$
4 h""*:$e0%.l!*"a$?.6+rea#24?@24"e$"ara7ya$ar7"e'a&!7e"$!%7r+h!$ya #!a&%e% 4 N+*e'er 414, *&l 8. /!'41 h""*:000.+a!$#+$e%!a.6+6+$"e$"*ea'a"7*''7'aha%7!%7&e0ara$earaa$7
e"$!%7r+h!$ya7#!7'ra1@?42.h"l, #!a&%e% 4 N+*e'er 414, *&l 2.
/!'
44
h""*:000."hel+'al7re!e0.6+6+$"e$"#e"a!l.*h*Bla$!#Q!#1182Q"y*e1@.UL4I/-M0, #!a&%e% 1 N+*e'er 414, *&l 2. /!'
88
http://news.liputan6.com/read/426542/tentara-myanmar-tembaki-etnis-rohingyahttp://www.voaindonesia.com/content/pejabat-pbb-bahas-isu-kewarganegaraan-etnis-rohingya-di-burma/1560024.htmlhttp://www.voaindonesia.com/content/pejabat-pbb-bahas-isu-kewarganegaraan-etnis-rohingya-di-burma/1560024.htmlhttp://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10134&type=105#.UL2XIWfvzMwhttp://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10134&type=105#.UL2XIWfvzMwhttp://news.liputan6.com/read/426542/tentara-myanmar-tembaki-etnis-rohingyahttp://www.voaindonesia.com/content/pejabat-pbb-bahas-isu-kewarganegaraan-etnis-rohingya-di-burma/1560024.htmlhttp://www.voaindonesia.com/content/pejabat-pbb-bahas-isu-kewarganegaraan-etnis-rohingya-di-burma/1560024.htmlhttp://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10134&type=105#.UL2XIWfvzMwhttp://www.theglobal-review.com/content_detail.php?lang=id&id=10134&type=105#.UL2XIWfvzMw
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%!%"e *a%ar .48 Ke"!&a !" a#a $#a$7$#a$ 'ar ya$ $aa$ya The 5nion o&
Myanmar 6oreign !n7estment 4a3. Pay$ h& !$! a#alah *erl!$#$a$
"erha#a* %e&"+r e&%*l+ra%! #a$ *e$e'a$a$ %e&"+r !$ya& #a$ a% ala ya$
el!'a"&a$ &+r*+ra%!7&+r*+ra%! a%!$. Pa#a &a%% Ara&a$ !$! a#alah *er"ar$a$
%+al !$ya& #a$ a% '!. Pa#a "ah$ 4@, *er%ahaa$ a% ;!$a
e$a$#a"a$a$! &+$"ra& a% #e$a$ *eer!$"ah Mya$ar $"& e$el+la
e&%*l+ra%! !$ya&. e&%*l+ra%! !$ya& #a$ a% '! !" e$a#! !$6ara$ '&a$
ha$ya ;!$a "a*! a AS. A*ala! ;her+$ lea#!$ 'era!$ #! %!", a#a a Pe"r+
;h!$a, T!+$&+& Pe"r+le, Pe"r+$a% Malay%!a #a$ la!$. Re*+"$ya re! !l!"er
!$! e*r+"e&%! le0a" $#a$7$#a$ The 5nion o& Myanmar 6oreign
!n7estment 4a3. ;!$a #a$ 'e'era*a $eara ya$ #!lar AS #a$ Er+*a 5ara"
&el!ha"a$$ya le'!h $l. See$"ara AS &e"!$ala$.
Nah, ya$ e$ar!& a%alah M%l! #! Ara&a$ !$! 6e$#er$ e'er!
ra$ 'a! *e$#e&a"a$ %ye"r!6 5!ll ;l!$"+$ ya$ #!"era*&a$ +leh O'aa #a$
H!llary ;l!$"+$. De$a$ #a%ar, K+$-l!& 0!layah !" *erl a#+&a%! ha& a%a%!
a$%!a ya!" LSM, a#! LSM *erl a%&. Dar! *!$" !$!, ere&a a%&
#e$a$ ea&a! &+$-l!& I%la #a$ 5#ha "er%e'". Ta*! "a*a& %a%ara$
%"ra"e!%$ya a#alah %aa ya!" *e$a%aa$ !$ya& #a$ a% '!.
Ya$
#!%aya$&a$ #ala re! !l!"er la! #ar! Ne /!$ %a*a! %e&ara$ !$! ya$
%ea&a$7a&a$ %+%!al!% $eara %"r *a#a #a%ar$ya &a*!"al!% $eara. Sea"!$ya,
#e$a$ $#a$7$#a$ The 5nion o& Myanmar 6oreign !n7estment 4a3,
Mya$ar *a#a #a%ar$ya %e#a$ e$arah *a#a *a%ar, "a*! #! 'a0ah &e$#al!
*e$h $eara. Da$ #!a e*r+"e&%! &+r*+ra%!7&+r*+ra%! $"& 'er&+la'+ra%!
#e$a$ *e$a%a. Te$" #e$a$ %eala 'ayara$ %+%!al$ya.
/!$!! Pen8e6a6 2ari le9el D1.e-ti+
!!!!!!!!! Me$r" 5r+0$, leel #+e%"!& !$! "er&a!" #e$a$ &ea*a$
*eer!$"ah $"& ee$h! &ehe$#a& ra&ya"$ya, *e$arh $a%!+$al!%e #a$
rela%! a$"ar &el+*+& e"$!% #! #ala a%yara&a", %er"a *e$arh #ar! *r+%e%
#e+&ra"!%a%! #ala &+$"e&% rela%! a$"ar &el+*+& e"$!%.42
48 0a0a$6ara &h%% Ae$#a Ter%e'$y! Trae#! R+h!$ya Mya$ar h""*:000."hel+'al7re!e0.6+6+$"e$"#e"a!l.*h*Bla$!#Q!#3=8
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Me$r" 6a"a"a$ %earah, *e$#er!"aa$ e"$!% R+h!$ya #!la! %ea& "ah$
1=
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e'a" ere&a #ah #!&e$al!. Se6ara -!%!& #a$ '#aya, ere&a ea$ le'!h
!r!* #e$a$ +ra$7+ra$ 5e$al!.
Ke"!&a Mya$ar er#e&a *a#a 1=2
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'a!a$ ya$ #!le'!h7le'!h&a$. D! #ala 6er!"a76er!"a "er%e'", &el+*+& e"$!% la!$
%er!$&al! e*er+leh 6a* 'r&, %ee$"ara &el+*+& e"$!% %e$#!r! e*er+leh
$aa 'a!& ya$ %er!$&al! 'er'e#a #e$a$ real!"a%$ya.
Kel+*+& e"$!% la!$ #!*a$#a$ %e'aa! %a" &el+*+& ya$ %e6ara
!$here$ aha" #a$ are%!-. A$+"a &el+*+& e"$!% %e"e*a" ea$#a$
*eahaa$ !$! %e'aa! %a" 'e$"& &e'!a&%a$aa$ lelhr ya$ #!"r$&a$ &e
e$era%! ere&a. T!#a&lah e$hera$&a$, 'ah0a 6er!"a76er!"a a#a" !%"!a#a"
el!'a"&a$ %a" *er"ar$a$ 0a6a$a ya$ er*a&a$ 6er!$a$ #ar! *a$#a$a$
&el+*+& ya$ %a" &e*a#a &el+*+& la!$$ya. 5er'aa! 'e$"r+&a$ ya$ "era#!
a$"ara &e#a e"$!% e$a'ar&a$ 'e"a*a *er%e*%! ere&a "e$"a$ e"$!% ya$
#!!l!&!$ya 'er'e#a.
Sea& &er%ha$ *e6ah *a#a $! 414 lal, ha*!r 4 +ra$ #!la*+r&a$
"e0a% #ar! &e#a 'elah *!ha&. See$"ara 11@. +ra$ &eh!la$a$ "e*a" "!$al
a&!'a" &+$-l!& !$!. I% &e0ara$earaa$ 'a! e"$!% R+h!$ya er*a&a$ !% *e&a
#! Mya$ar, #! a$a &e'a$ya&a$ +ra$ #a$ *eer!$"ah le'!h 6e$#er$
e$ye'" ere&a %e'aa! e"$!% 5e$al!. I%"!lah !" er& &e*a#a *a$#a$a$
ya$ e$a$a* ere&a %e'aa! !ra$ ela* #ar! 5a$la#e%h, e%&!*$
&e$ya"aa$, 'a$ya& #! a$"ara ere&a "elah "!$al #! Mya$ar %e6ara "r$
"er$.
Se$"!e$ a$"!7M%l! #! Mya$ar a "elah 'erla$%$ 'era'a#7a'a#.
Kl!" e"$!% R+h!$ya ya$ le'!h ela* e'a" ere&a #ah #!&e$al!. Se6ara
-!%!& #a$ '#aya, ere&a ea$ le'!h !r!* #e$a$ +ra$7+ra$ 5e$al!. 4=
Seh!$a *er%e*%! "e$"a$ e"$!% R+h!$ya a&a$ "er% ele&a" #! 'e$a& *eer!$"ah
#a$ e"$!& 5#ha Ra&h!$e. A#a *er%el!%!ha$ *aha %e#!&!" %aa a&a$ e!6
&+$-l!& ya$ 'e%ar.
/!! DAMPAK KONFLIK
. Me$r" 5r+0$, %e"!#a&$ya, a#a "!a &e$&!$a$ ya$ '!%a "era#!
%e'aa! a&!'a" #ar! *e6ah$ya &+$-l!& e"$!%, ya&$! "era#!$ya re&+$%!l!a%! %e6ara
4= h""*:!$"er$a"!+$al.+&e+$e.6+rea#41414
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#aa!, *er*!%aha$ e"$!% %e6ara #aa!, #a$ *era$ %a#ara.8 Ta*a&$ya #a*a&
&+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar !$! &e$&!$a$ #! +*%! *er"aa ya!" "era#!$ya
re&+$%!l!a%! %e6ara #aa!. Hal !$! '!%a #!l!ha" a#a !$#!&a%! !"!&a# 'a!& #ar!
*eer!$"ah Mya$ar $"& e*er"!'a$&a$ ha&7ha& R+h!$ya.
Pre%!#e$ Mya$ar The!$ Se!$ e$a$!&a$ $"& e*erha"!&a$ ha&7ha&
'ar ya$ '!%a #!#a*a"&a$ +leh 0ara e"$!% !$+r!"a% R+h!$ya. Te"a*! Pre%!#e$
The!$ ra $"& e'er!&a$ &e0ara$earaa$ %e6ara *e$h $"& e"$!%
R+h!$ya ya$ %elaa !$! "er#!%&r!!$a%!.
Ke!$!$a$ Pre%!#e$ The!$ !$! #!"ea%&a$$ya #ala %e'ah %ra" ya$ !a
&!r! &e*a#a Per%er!&a"a$ 5a$%a75a$%a (P55). Te"a*! The!$ "!#a& e'er!&a$
a$!, e%&!*$ !%! %ra" "er%e'" e'ah&a$ *ela$ e$ela$ &e#a"a$a$
Pre%!#e$ Aer!&a Ser!&a" (AS) 5ara6& O'aa. I%! %ra" The!$ Se!$, %e*er"!
#!&"!* Associated "ress, Sa'" (1
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Me$r" r'!6ara Peer!$"ah $eara 'a!a$ Ra&h!$e, Mya!$ /!$ +*era%!
&e*e$##&a$ #!la! #! &+"a*raa Pa&"a0. Na$"!$ya +*era%! !$! a&a$ #!la&&a$
#!%elrh $eara 'a!a$ Ra&h!$e. Na$ 'el #!&e"ah! a&%# #ar! &e!a"a$
"er%e'", a*a&ah $a$"!$ya Peer!$"ah Mya$ar a&a$ e'er!&a$ %"a"%
&e0ara$earaa$ 'a! e"$!% R+h!$ya ya$ 'el e$#a*a"&a$$ya. Selah
0ar"a0a$ #! Mya$ar, ea%"!&a$ *r+%e% er!-!&a%! 'erla$%$ #e$a$ 'a!&,
'ah&a$ #! 0!layah "er*e$6!l %e*er"! #! *la S!$ Ma0. Para *e"a% %e$%% "erl!ha"
"ela"e$ e$ya'a$! rah *ara 0ara R+h!$ya, #a$ e$#a"a ere&a %a"
*er%a". Se+a !$! e$a#! la$&ah a0al ya$ 'a!& 'a! &e'era#aa$ #a$
e&%!%"e$%! E"$!% R+h!$ya #! "e$ah &e"!#a&*a%"!a$ ya$ #!ala!$ya.
&A& I'
KESIMPULAN
Pe$el!"!a$ !$! e$y!*l&a$ 'e'era*a hal ya!":
1. A&ar *e$ye'a' &+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar a#a "!a leel a$al!%!% ya$
#!$a&a$ +leh *e$el!"! ya!":
a. Leel %!%"e!& : *eer!$"ah Mya$ar "!#a& e$a&! %"a"%
&e0ara$eara$ e"$!% %l! R+h!$ya, 0ala*$ ere&a %#ah
h!#* %e6ara "r$ "er$ %ea& ra"%a$ "ah$ ya$ lal. A&!'a"$ya
E"$!% R+h!$ya #!a$a* %e'aa! *e$##& !leal "a$*a %"a"%. Sela!$
a%alah *e$a&a$ "er%e'", a#a &+$%*!ra%! a$"ara *eer!$"ah $"a
#e$a$ *!ha& &+r*+ra%! a%!$ ya$ a&a$ e$e&%l+ra%! !$ya& #a$
a% '!. K+r*+ra%! "er%e'" #ar! AS, ;h!$a, #a$ la!$7la!$. A#a &e%a$
8=
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&+$-l!& "er%e'" %e$aa #!'!ar&a$ aar &e*e$"!$a$ *eer!$"ah '!%a
"er0#.
'. Leel D+e%"!& : D!"e$ah el+'a$ #e+&ra"!%a%! ya$
e$e&a, Mya$ar #!ha#a*&a$ *a#a "a$"a$a$ ya$ 6&* 'e%ar.
A#a$ya &e*e!*!$a$ M!l!"er #!%a" %!%! &eaa$a$ $eara "era!$,
"e"a*! "a*! #! %!%! la!$ %e*er"! e&a$!%e 'er&e$earaa$ ela% e$a#!
"a& %eha", +"+r!"ar!a$!%e e$yera", #a$ ra&ya" #!"e'ar! "er+r7"er+r
*e$6l!&a$, *e$aha$a$, #a$ 'ah&a$ *e'$ha$. Peer!$"ah $"a
!l!"er *a#a &e$ya"aa$$ya "!#a& a* ere#a &+$-l!& a$"ara
&e#a e"$!% "er%e'", %eh!$a 6e$#er$ 'erlar"7lar" 'ah&a$ #ala
0a&" ya$ #e&a" &+$-l!& "era#! la! ya$ e$!'l&a$ el+'a$ *e$$%! 'e%ar7'e%ara$.
6. Leel Per%e*%! : Se$"!e$ a$"!7M%l! #! Mya$ar "elah 'erla$%$
'era'a#7a'a#. D!%&r!!$a%! *a#a 0ara I%la !$! %e6ara $ya"a "er'&"!
#e$a$ *e$+la&a$ *eer!$"aha$ Pre%!#e$ The!$ Se!$ a"a% %"a"% e"$!%
"er%e'". Peer!$"ah Mya$ar h!$a &!$! 'el e$a&! e"$!%
R+h!$ya %e'aa! 0ara$ya. Kl!" e"$!% R+h!$ya ya$ le'!h ela*
e'a" ere&a #ah #!&e$al!. Se6ara -!%!& #a$ '#aya, ere&a
ea$ le'!h !r!* #e$a$ +ra$7+ra$ 5e$al!.
4. Da*a& &+$-l!&. Ta*a&$ya &+$-l!& e"$!% #! Mya$ar a&a$ e$arah &e
Re&+$%!l!a%! #aa!. A#a$ya !$#!&a%! !"!&a# 'a!& #ar! *eer!$"ah $"&
ela&&a$ *e$#a"aa$ la$ "erha#a* 0ara R+h!$ya e$a#! a0al ya$
'a!& "er'&a$ya ala$ #aa!. /ala*$ &eraa$ *eer!$"ah a%!h
"erl!ha" #ala hal *e'er!a$ %"a"% &e0ara$eara$ R+h!$ya, %e"!#a&$ya
*eer!$"ah %#ah e'&a #!r! $"& e$6ar! %+l%! 'a! &+$-l!& ya$
ela$#a $eara$ya.
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
5r+0$ E. M!6hael., C;a%e% a$# I*l!6a"!+$% +- E"h$!6 ;+$-l!6", #ala The
Ethnicity Reader. Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Migration,
Guibernau dan John Rex (eds, Grea" 5r! "a!$, P+l!"y Pre%%, 1==<
;a#y, Fra$& +h$, A istory o& Modern /urma, ;+r$ell U$!er%!"y Pre%%,
M!6h!a$, 43
H+r+0!", D+$al#, Ethnic Grou$s in 'on&lict , 5er&eley, U$!er%!"y +- ;al!-+r$!a
Pre%%, 1=3@
L!$"$er, 5er"!l, 5ra !$ Re+l":%$ium and insurgency since *+-, /e%!!e0
Pre%%, ;al!-+r$!a, 1==2
L!*har" , Are$#, CThe P+0er7Shar!$ A**r+a6h, #ala 'on&lict and
"eacemaing in Multiethnic 8ocieties, Le!$"+$, Le!$"+$ 5++&%, 1==
May. R., #ala De0! F+r"$a A$0ar, #&&, #on&li #eerasan !nternal, Yaya%a$
O'+r I$#+$e%!a, a&ar"a, 4@
21
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