properties of matter notes © 2008 by tim f. rowbotham

Properties of Matter

Pure Substances A pure substance is matter that

always has exactly the same composition.

Every sample of a substance has the same properties.

An element is a substance that contains only ONE TYPE OF ATOM.

A compound contains only ONE TYPE OF MOLECULE (molecules are atoms that are chemically combined in a fixed proportion).

Examples of Substances Examples of ELEMENTS are:

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, & gold The short way to write down an element’s

name is called a chemical symbol. (C, N, O, & Au) Examples of COMPOUNDS are:

water, carbon dioxide, salt, & sugar The short way to show the number of

elements in a compound is called a chemical formula.

(H2O, CO2, NaCl, C12H22O11)

Learning Check Questions

Ready your remote

Which type of substance contains only one type of atom?

0% 1.Compound2.Element3.Mixture4.Solution

Which type of substance contains more than one type of atom but only one type of

molecule?

Counting Atoms in Compounds

Using the chemical formula for each compound, determine the

number of atoms in each compound.

0% 1. 2 hydrogen & 2 oxygen atoms2. 2 hydrogen & 1 oxygen atom3. 1 hydrogen & 2 oxygen atoms4. 2 hydrogen & 0 oxygen atoms

0% 1. 3 carbon & 8 hydrogen atoms2. 3 carbon & 3 hydrogen atoms3. 8 carbon & 3 hydrogen atoms4. 11 carbon & 8 hydrogen atoms

0% 1. 2 carbon & 2 oxygen atoms2. 2 carbon & 1 oxygen atom3. 1 carbon & 2 oxygen atoms4. 0 carbon & 2 oxygen atoms

0% 1. 4 carbon & 4 hydrogen atoms2. 1 carbon & 4 hydrogen atoms3. 4 carbon & 1 hydrogen atoms4. 2 carbon & 4 hydrogen atoms

Mixtures Mixtures contain more than one substance

(not chemically combined). Mixtures retain some of the properties of

their individual substances, but can vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed.

In a heterogeneous mixture, the parts are noticeably different.

In a homogenous mixture (or solution), the parts are so thoroughly mixed that it is hard to see the separate substances. It appears to be one substance

Compound or Mixture?A compound is made up of more than one element chemically combined.

A mixture contains more than one substance physically mixed together.

Raisin Bran cereal is what type of mixture?

0% 1. Homogeneous mixture2. Heterogeneous mixture

Pepperoni pizza is what type of mixture?

Salt water is what type of mixture?

Kool-aid is what type of mixture?

Classifying Matter Summary

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WB0Kr8VA-74

Classifying Matter

Return your remote COMPLETE p.13-14 “Classifying

Matter”

Entrance questions

Ready your remotes

Which type of substance contains only one type of atom?

Which type of substance contains more than one type of atom but only one type of

molecule?

Practice questions

1.) Observe the chemical formulas for each of the following

compounds.2.) Identify the correct number of

atoms of each element.

0% 1. 1 aluminum & 2 iodine & 3 oxygen atoms

2. 2 aluminum & 3 oxygen3. 3 aluminum & 2 oxygen4.2 aluminum & 5 oxygen

0% 1. 3 iron & 3 oxygen2. 1 iron & 3 oxygen3. 1 iron & 1 oxygen4. 0 iron & 3 oxygen

Al(NO3)3

0% 1. 3 aluminum & 3 nitrogen & 9 oxygen

2. 1 aluminum & 3 nitrogen & 9 oxygen

2 Ca2O

0% 1. 2 calcium & 2 oxygen2. 4 calcium & 2 oxygen3. 4 calcium & 4 oxygen4. 2 calcium & 4 oxygen

3 Ca3(PO4)2

0% 1. 3 calcium & 1 phosphorus & 8 oxygen

2. 3 calcium & 3 phosphorus & 12 oxygen

Properties of Matter Properties are the

characteristics, traits, or behaviors that we can use to identify samples of matter and distinguish them from one another.

Water, for example, has different properties than aluminum.

Two TYPES of Properties

Physical properties can be changed without changing the composition of the material itself.

Chemical properties, if changed, would result in the formation of a new substance.

Physical Properties & Changes

A physical change is any change in a material that does not change the material into a new substance.

Examples:Folding paper, Ripping paper, Adding salt to water, Breaking an egg

Physical PropertiesPhysical properties are any characteristics that could change without forming a new substance.

Size, shape, color, taste, odor, magnetism, and temperature are all physical properties.

Chemical Properties & Changes

A chemical change is any change in a material that changes the material into a new substance.

Examples:Burning paper, Cooking an egg, Fireworks exploding, Iron rusting

Chemical Properties Chemical properties are

characteristics that can be observed when a material changes into a new substance.

Chemical changes are often accompanied by the release or absorption of energy in the form of heat, light, or sound.

Physical or Chemical Change?

A physical change DOES NOT form a new substance.

A chemical change DOES form at least one new substance.

Learning Checks

Ready your remotes

A change resulting in a new substance is called a

0% 1.Physical change2.Chemical change3.Nuclear change4.Mixture

A change resulting in no new substance at all is called a

Creating a mixture would involve what type of change?

Creating a compound would involve what type of change?

Classifying Matter

PACKET p.13 - 14

Return your remote Complete PROPERTIES PACKET

p.15-16 “Mixtures & Compounds”

Review questions

Ready your remotes

3 SiO2

0% 1. 3 silicon & 6 oxygen2. 6 silicon & 12 oxygen3. 3 silicon & 2 oxygen4. 3 silver 1 iron & 2 oxygen

A change resulting in a new substance is called a

Videos

Physical & Chemical Change Song

Physical Changes Song

2 Al(OH)3

0% 1. 2 aluminum & 6 oxygen & 3 hydrogen

2. 2 aluminum & 2 oxygen & 3 hydrogen

Physical or Chemical Change?

JOURNAL # 1 Demonstration

Record in your journal EVERY physical & chemical change

you see!!!

Review questions

Return your remotesMake sure you have pages 15 – 16 done.

Videos

Hindenburg 1Hindenburg 2

Properties

PROPERTIES SONG

Entrance Questions

Ready your Remote

0% 1.Physical change2.Chemical change3.Nuclear change4.Atomic change

2 Li2O

0% 1. 1 lithium & 2 oxygen2. 2 lithium & 1 oxygen3. 4 lithium & 2 oxygen4. 4 lithium & 4 oxygen

Properties

Physical Properties Mass is the amount of matter

that makes up an object. Volume is the amount of space

an object takes up Weight is the force of gravity on

an object. MASS video clip 1 MASS v. WEIGHT video clip 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 VOLUME video clip 1 , 2 , 3

Physical Properties Density is the amount of matter

packed into a given volume Melting point is the temperature at

which a substance changes from solid to liquid.

Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas.

Density Clip 1 , 2 , 3 Distillation Videos 1 , 2 , 3

Physical Properties

State (or phase) of matter describes whether a substance is a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.

Luster is how well a substance reflects light.

Texture is how rough or smooth a substance is.

Physical Properties

Electrical conductivity is how easily a substance allows electricity to flow through it.

Thermal conductivity is how easily a substance allows heat to flow through it.

Physical Properties Malleability is the ability of a

substance to be hammered without shattering

Ductility is the ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire.

Malleability video clip 1 Ductility video clip 1

This property is a measurement of how well a material allows heat to move through it.

0% 1.Ductility2.Tenacity3.Electrical Conductivity4.Thermal Conductivity

Physical Properties Hardness is a measure of a

substance’s resistance to scratching Tenacity is a substance’s strength

against being pulled apart. Elasticity is the ability of a

substance to return to its original shape after being stretched.

Tensile strength (tenacity) test video clip 1 , 2 , 3Elasticity video clip 1 , 2

Physical Properties Porosity is the ability of a solid to

allow fluids to pass through it. Solubility is the ability of a

substance to dissolve in another substance.

Viscosity is the tendency of a liquid to resist flowing.

Porosity video clip 1 , 2 , 3 Solubility video clip 1 , 2 Viscosity video clip 1 , 2 , 3, 4

This property describes a fluids tendency to resist flowing. It is often described as its

“stickiness” or “thickness.”

0% 1.Porosity2.Density3.Viscosity4.Ductility

List of Physical Properties

Size, shape, color, taste, odor, magnetism, temperature, mass,

volume, weight, density, melting point, boiling point,

state or phase, luster, texture, electrical conductivity, thermal

conductivity, malleability, ductility, hardness, tenacity, elasticity, porosity, solubility,

viscosity

VIDEO Practice

Matter: Form & Substance in the Universe

(Look for Properties)Physical & Chemical

Properties & Changes WS

Properties Notes

Ready your remote

Which of the following properties describes a substances ability to be hammered into a

new shape ?

0% 1.Malleability2.Electrical conductivity3.Flammability4.Mass

viscosity

JOURNAL #2

Pick any object in your house. Do not share it with anyone.

Describe it with at least 7 different physical properties

(Be sure to be specific… i.e. blue color, high melting point, large volume, etc.)

Properties Notes

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Chemical Properties Reactivity is how well a

substance combines chemically with other substances. VIDEO 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Acidic substances behave like acids. VIDEO 1 , 2 , 3

Basic substances behave like bases. VIDEO 1 , 2 , 3

Chemical Properties

Flammability is a material’s ability to burn when exposed to oxygen. VIDEO 1 , 2

Combustible materials tend to burn more rapidly in the presence of oxygen. VIDEO 1 , 2

Chemical Properties

Corrosive substances “eat away” other substances VIDEO 1 , 2

Tarnishable substances may have their luster reduced by chemical reactions. VIDEO 1 , 2

Chemical Properties Explosive substances react

violently when in contact with other substances. VIDEO 1 , 2

Photosynthetic substances are able to undergo photosynthesis.

VIDEO 1, 2

Which of the following is a chemical property?

Properties

Return your Remote Complete p.17 Knowing the

Entrance Questions

Ready your Remote

Which of the following is a chemical property?

Which of the following is a chemical change?

0% 1.Melting ice2.Mold forming on bread3.Breaking glass4.Dissolving salt in water

Properties

More Focus on a PHYSICAL PROPERTY:

Conductivity Conductivity describes a material’s ability to allow energy to be transferred through it.

Conductors have high conductivity.

Insulators have low conductivity.

Electrical Conductivity

An electrical conductor is a material that allows the easy flow of electricity through it.

Copper, silver, gold, and most other metals are good electrical conductors.

Electrical Conductivity An electrical insulator is a material that DOES NOT allow the easy flow of electricity through it.

Rubber, plastic, wood, and many non-metals are electrical insulators.

Thermal Conductivity

A thermal conductor is a material that allows the easy flow of heat through it.

Copper, silver, gold, and most other metals are also good thermal conductors.

Thermal Conductivity An thermal insulator is a

material that DOES NOT allow the easy flow of heat through it. (Thermal insulators hold the heat in.)

Rubber, Styrofoam, insulation, air, and many non-metals are good thermal insulators.

Learning Checks

Ready your Remote

Which of the following is an electrical insulator?

0% 1.Aluminum2.Water3.Plastic4.Copper

Which of the following is a thermal conductor?

0% 1.Thinsulate2.Water3.Plastic4.Copper

Which of the following is a thermal insulator?

0% 1.Styrofoam2.Iron3.Water4.Copper

Conductivity Video Clip

Notice the action of the atoms!!!

(7:00 min – 10:00 min)

..\U2 - Properties of Matter\Conductivity.asf

Learning check

Ready your Remote

A material that allows electricity to flow through it easily would be called a(n)

0% 1. Electrical Insulator2. Thermal Insulator3. Electrical Conductor4. Thermal Conductor5. Electrical Regulator

A material that is an efficient blocker of heat would be called a(n)

A material that is touching a hot plate & feels extremely hot would be an example of a(n)

A material that is touching an ice cube & feels cold would be an example of a(n)

A material that is touching an ice cube & does not feel cold would be an example of a(n)

Conductivity Mini-lab

Create a table with 6 columns 1.) Electrical conductor 2.) Thermal conductor

JOURNAL # 3Conductivity Mini-lab

MATERIAL Electrical Conductor?

Thermal Conductor?

MATERIAL Electrical Conductor?

Thermal Conductor?

Iron (Steel)

Aluminum Poplar

Copper PVC

Brass Acrylic

Pine Nylon

Conductivity Mini-lab

Answers

Conductivity Mini-labMATERIAL Electrical Conductor? Thermal Conductor?

Iron yes yes

Aluminum yes yes

Copper yes yes

Brass yes yes

Pine no no

Oak no no

Poplar no no

PVC no no

Acrylic no no

Nylon no no

viscosity

JOURNAL #4

Describe the balloon with at least 10 different properties (BOTH PHYSICAL &

CHEMICAL) (Be sure to be specific… i.e. blue color,

high melting point, large volume, etc.)

Entrance Questions

Ready your Remote

This property describes a fluids tendency to resist flowing. It is often described as its

“stickiness” or “thickness.”

0% 1.Porosity2.Density3.Viscosity4.Ductility

This property is a measurement of how well a material allows heat to move through it.

0% 1.Ductility2.Tenacity3.Electrical Conductivity4.Thermal Conductivity

This property is a measurement of the amount of matter that makes up an object.

0% 1.Volume2.Mass3.Temperature4.Ductility

This property is a measurement of the amount of space that an object takes up.

0% 1.Volume2.Mass3.Temperature4.Ductility

P. 4 Density

Physical Property: Density Density is a ratio of an object’s

mass to its volume. Density = Mass D = m Volume V

Density is basically a measure of how crowded a material’s atoms are.

Density is very useful!! Every pure substance has its

own unique, exact density. This density can be used to

determine its identity or its purity.

For example, all samples of pure gold have densities of 19.3 g/mL.

Calculating Density

1.) Mass = 400 gVolume = 40 mLDensity = Mass / VolumeDensity = 400g / 40mL

Density = 10 g/mL

Density

2.) Mass = 400 gVolume = 20 mLD = m/VD = 400 g / 20 mL

D = 20 g/mL

Density

3.) Mass = 800 g

Volume = 20 mL

D = m/V

D = 800 g / 20 mL

D = 40 g/mL

Calculating Mass

4.) Mass = V x DVolume = 40 mLDensity = 5 g/mLm = 40mL x 5 g/mL

m = 200 g

Calculating Volume

5.) Volume = m / DMass = 100 gDensity = 5 g/mLV = 100g / (5 g/mL)

V = 20 mL

Learning Check

Ready your Remote

If an object has a mass of 500g & a volume of100mL, what is its density?

0% 1.) 50,000 g/mL2.) 500 g/mL3.) 50 g/mL4.) 5 g/mL

If an object has a mass of 50g & a volume of100mL, what is its density?

0% 1.) 0.5 g/mL2.) 2 g/mL3.) 20 g/mL4.) 5,000 g/mL

If an object has a mass of 120g & a volume of 40mL, what is its density?

0% 1.) 48,000 g/mL2.) 160 g/mL3.) 3 g/mL4.) 0.33 g/mL

Nice Work!!!

You may return your remotes now

INDEPENDENT SEATWORK:

Complete pages 18 – 20 of your Properties Packet

Don’t forget your textbook & calculator tomorrow!!!!

Properties Quiz

Ready your remotes

Nice Work!!! You may return your remotes now Pick up a “Density Cube Set” paper Pick up a “Chapter 2 Reading

Organizer” paper Homework/Classwork is page 21.

Density Cube Set Lab 1.) Find the mass of each cube 2.) Find the volume of each cube

(1 cm3 = 1 mL) 3.) Calculate density

D = m / V

Density Cube Set LabMaterial MASS VOLUME Calculat

ed Density

Actual Density

Sink or Float?

Copper

Aluminum

Acrylic

Poplar

Ironwood

Entrance Questions

Ready your Remote

If an object has a mass of 200g & a volume of 20mL, what is its density? (D = m/V)

0% 1.) 10 g/mL2.) 20 g/mL3.) 200 g/mL4.) 4,000 g/mL

If an object has a mass of 600g & a volume of 20mL, what is its density? (D = m/V)

0% 1.) 3 g/mL2.) 20 g/mL3.) 30 g/mL4.) 12,000 g/mL

Density Cube Set Lab

1.) Take out your worksheet 2.) Record the actual

density in the final column 3.) See how close you got to

the correct answers

Density Cube Set LabMaterial MASS VOLUME Calculat

ed Density

Actual Density

Sink or Float?

Copper

Aluminum

Acrylic

Poplar

Ironwood

Density Cube Set LabMaterial Actual Density

Copper 8.9 g/mL

Brass 8.0 g/mL

Steel 7.6 g/mL

Aluminum 2.7 g/mL

Acrylic 1.2 g/mL

Oak 0.7 g/mL

Nylon 1.1 g/mL

Pine 0.4 g/mL

Poplar 0.4 g/mL

PVC 1.4 g/mL

Polypropylene 0.9 g/mL

Ironwood 1.3 g/mL

Density Cube Set LabMaterial Actual Density Sink or Float?

Copper 8.9 g/mL

Brass 8.0 g/mL

Steel 7.6 g/mL

Aluminum 2.7 g/mL

Acrylic 1.2 g/mL

Oak 0.7 g/mL

Nylon 1.1 g/mL

Pine 0.4 g/mL

Poplar 0.4 g/mL

PVC 1.4 g/mL

Polypropylene 0.9 g/mL

Ironwood 1.3 g/mL

Density of Water = 1.0 g/mL

Material Actual Density Sink or Float?

Copper 8.9 g/mL SINK

Brass 8.0 g/mL SINK

Steel 7.6 g/mL SINK

Aluminum 2.7 g/mL SINK

Acrylic 1.2 g/mL SINK

Oak 0.7 g/mL FLOAT

Nylon 1.1 g/mL SINK

Pine 0.4 g/mL FLOAT

Poplar 0.4 g/mL FLOAT

PVC 1.4 g/mL SINK

Polypropylene 0.9 g/mL FLOAT

Ironwood 1.3 g/mL SINK

Turn to page 6 IDENTIFICATION BY

DENSITY!!

Density TableSubstance Density

Water 1.0 g/mLSulfur 2.1 g/mL

Titanium 4.4 g/mLSilver 10.5 g/mL

Identification by Density

A substance has a mass of 105 grams and a volume of 50 milliliters. What is this substance?

D = m/V = 105 g / 50mLD = 2.1 g/mL SULFUR

D = m/V = 315 g / 30mLD = 10.5 g/mL SILVER

D = m/V = 500 g / 500 mLD = 1.0 g/mL WATER

Calculating Volume

A sample of sulfur has a mass of 1260 grams. Calculate its volume.

V = m/D = 1260 g / 2.1 g/mL

V = 600 mL

Calculating Mass

A sample of titanium has a volume of 500mL. What is its mass?

m = V x D = 500mL x 4.4 g/mL

m = 2200 grams

Which of the following pure substances could have a mass of 220g & a volume of 50mL?

(D = m/V)

0% 1.) water2.) sulfur3.) titanium4.) silver

Which of the following pure substances could have a mass of 157.5g & a volume of 75mL?

(D = m/V)

Which of the following pure substances could have a mass of 330g & a volume of 75mL?

(D = m/V)

Density Problems

Turn in remotes Turn in Density Cube Set WS

ASSIGNMENTS: Properties Packet p. 22

Chapter 2 Reading Organizer

Entrance Questions

Ready your Remote

The measurement of the amount of matter packed into a certain amount of space is

25% 1.volume2.melting point3.weight4.density

Which of the following is NOT a property of stainless steel (like that used in

“silverware”) ?1.High tarnishability2.High melting point3.High hardness4.Silver color

Properties of Matter COMPLETE CHAPTER 2

READING ORGANIZER!!! Identification by Density

1.)Find Mass of Substance & Container using balance

2.)Subtract mass of container to find mass of substance only

3.)Determine Density of Substance (D=m/V)

4.)Identify Substance based on its density

Properties of Matter JOURNAL#5

Why does diet coke float & coke sink?

TURN TO PAGE 23 of your Properties Packet

What determines if an object will sink or float in a fluid?

Density Cube Set LabMaterial Actual Density Sink or Float?

Brass 8.0 g/mL SINK

Steel 7.6 g/mL SINK

Oak 0.7 g/mL FLOAT

Nylon 1.1 g/mL SINK

Pine 0.4 g/mL FLOAT

PVC 1.4 g/mL SINK

Density & Floating If a substance is MORE DENSE than

the fluid, it will SINK. Dsubstance > Dfluid SINK

If a substance is LESS DENSE than the fluid, it will FLOAT.

Dsubstance < Dfluid FLOAT

Density of Water = 1.0 g/mL

Material Actual Density Sink or Float?

Brass 8.0 g/mL SINK

Steel 7.6 g/mL SINK

Oak 0.7 g/mL FLOAT

Nylon 1.1 g/mL SINK

Pine 0.4 g/mL FLOAT

PVC 1.4 g/mL SINK

1.) Chicken noodle soup is an example of a(n)

0% 1.Element2.Compound3.Homogeneous mixture4.Heterogeneous mixture

2.) A diamond allows heat to flow through it really well, so it is a(n)

0% 1.Electrical conductor2.Electrical insulator3.Thermal conductor4.Thermal insulator

3.) A substance composed of more than one type of atom, but only one type of molecule is

called a(n)

0% 1.Element2.Compound3.Homogeneous mixture4.Heterogeneous mixture

4.) What would be the mass of an object with a density of 4.4g/mL and a volume of 100mL? (m

= V x D)

0% 1. 440 g2. 22.7 g3. 440 mL4. 0.044 g

5.) Would polypropylene (D = 0.9 g/mL) float on water (D = 1.0 g/mL)?

0% 1.Yes, it would float2.No, it would sink to the bottom3.It would sink half way to the bottom

6.) Which of the following is a chemical property?

0% 1.Boiling point2.Luster3.Corrosive4.Solubility

7.) The measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume is called

0% 1.Weight2.Melting point3.Solubility4.Density

8.) Aluminum has a density of 2.7g/mL. If a material has a mass of 300g and a

volume of 100mL, can it be pure aluminum?

0% 1.Yes2.No3.Maybe – it depends on its weight4.Maybe – it depends on its

temperature

Which of the following is NOT a property of gold?

0% 1.High malleability2.High melting point3.Low hardness4.High reactivity

JOURNAL # 6 Using your scientific knowledge, try

to explain in detail how the Cartesian diver works.

States of Matter Notes

Created in 2006/2010 by Tim F. Rowbotham

Important DefinitionsMatter – anything that has mass and volumeEnergy – ability to do work or cause changeKinetic Energy – the energy an object has due to its motion

State of MatterMaterials are classified in different states (or phases) of matter based on composition and temperature.

There are currently 5 accepted states of matter:

solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensates.

Kinetic TheoryThe kinetic theory states that all matter is made of tiny particles that are in constant motion.

It explains the characteristics (or properties) of matter in terms of the energy of these particles

Kinetic Theory & Solids The atoms in a solid are held

close together by strong forces of attraction

The atoms have very low kinetic energy

The atoms seem to vibrate, but do not move around

Solids

Solids have a definite shape

Solids have a definite volume

Learning Checks

READY YOUR REMOTE

“All matter is made out of tiny particles that are in constant motion.” This is called

0% 1. Newton’s Law

2. Particle theory

3. The theory of relativity

4. The kinetic theory

Atoms in a solid are

0% 1. Close to one another

2. Far away from other atoms

3. Always the same distance apart

Atoms in a solid move

0% 1. A lot

2. Very little

3. According to the theory of relativity

Crystalline Solids

Atoms are arranged in repeating geometric patterns

Considered “true” solids & tend to hold their shape

Examples: salt, ice, diamonds, sugar, aluminum, graphite

Draw atoms of a Crystalline Solid

Amorphous Solids

Atoms have no repeating pattern Amorphous means “without form”

Same properties as crystalline solids, but have no distinct melting point Examples: glass, wax, plastic,

styrofoam, coal, rubber

Draw atoms of an Amorphous Solid

Entrance Questions

READY YOUR REMOTE

A crystalline solid has atoms that

0% 1. Move a lot

2. Are arranged in a repeating pattern

3. Are randomly arranged

4. Do not move

2. Particle theory

Draw atoms of an Amorphous Solid

Examples of Crystalline & Amorphous Solids

Examples of Crystalline Solids

Carbon nanotube

Table Salt

Learning Checks

READY YOUR REMOTE

An amorphous solid has

25% 1. Atoms that move a lot

2. atoms arranged in a repeating pattern

3. atoms that are randomly arranged

4. atoms that do not move

Kinetic Theory & Liquids

The forces of attraction between atoms in a liquid are not strong enough to hold them together

Atoms in a liquid are close, but have enough kinetic energy to roll over

and around each other

Liquids Because its atoms move over and around each other, a liquid has the

ability to flow. Liquids do not have definite shape;

liquids take the shape of their container

Liquids have a definite volume.

Draw Atoms in a Liquid

Liquids

Kinetic Theory & Gases

Atoms in a gas have high enough kinetic energy that they are not held

by the attractive forces of other atoms

Atoms in a gas may be spread far apart and may collide with each

other with great force

Because atoms in a gas move around a lot, gases have no definite

shape or volume Gases take the shape of their

container but also can be compressed

Draw Atoms in a Gas

Learning Checks

READY YOUR REMOTE

2. Particle theory

Which of the following has atoms that are still close together but have enough energy to roll

over and around each other?

0% 1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gases

4. Plasma

Which of the following has atoms that are far apart and move rapidly?

0% 1. Solids

2. Liquids

3. Gases

4. Bose-Einstein condensates

Which of the following has atoms that are close together and vibrate in place?

0% 1. Solid

2. Liquid

3. Gases

4. Plasma

States of Matter

States of Matter Video ClipStates of Matter Song

Kinetic Theory & Plasmas

Atoms in a plasma have extremely high kinetic energy

Atoms in a plasma collide with such great force that the electrons

are knocked out of the atoms

Plasmas

Plasmas have the same properties as gases, except that they are electrically charged

Plasma makes up 90% of the matter in the universe

Plasma is found in stars, neon & fluorescent lights, & lightning

Plasmas

Plasma the Fourth State Plasma video clip 1 Plasma video clip 2 Plasma video clip 3

Bose-Einstein Condensates

Scientists in 1995 decided to classify matter into a fifth state -

Bose-Einstein Condensates. This state of matter only exists at

very low temperatures (near absolute zero).

BEC Video clip 1 BEC Video clip 2

States of Matter

State Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Volume

Particle Spacing

Particle Motion

Kinetic Energy

States of Matter

State Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Shape Definite Varies Varies Varies

Volume Definite Definite Varies Varies

Particle Spacing

Packed tight Close Spread out Spread

Particle Motion

Vibrate in place

Roll over each other

Bounce off each other

Violent collisions

Kinetic Energy Very low Low High Very high

States of Matter

Return your RemotesComplete page 26 – 28 of your

Packetp.26 Venn Diagram

p.27-28 Solids, Liquids, & Gases

Learning Checks

READY YOUR REMOTE

2. Particle theory

How is a plasma different from a gas?

0% 1. Plasma atoms are moving slower

2. A plasma has free electrons

3. Atoms of a plasma are larger

4. Atoms of a plasma are smaller

Properties of Matter Notes

Turn to page 10

Scientists in 1995 decided to classify matter into a fifth state -

Bose-Einstein Condensates. This state of matter only exists at

very low temperatures (near absolute zero).

BEC Video clip 1 BEC Video clip 2

An amorphous solid has atoms that

0% 1. Move a lot

2. Are arranged in a repeating pattern

3. Are randomly arranged

4. Do not move

A substance at a higher temperature means that

0% 1. Its atoms are moving faster

2. Its atoms are moving slower

3. Its atoms are larger

4. Its atoms are smaller

A substance contracts at a lower temperature because

Temperature Scales

Fahrenheit oF

Celsius oC

Kelvin K

Temperature Scales

Temperature

Measuring Temperature - Eureka Temperature Scales video clip Eureka - Temperature vs. Heat

Learning Checks

Ready your remote

What temperature scale begins at the freezing point of water?

0% 1. Fahrenheit

2. Celsius

3. Kelvin

4. Newton’s

What do scientists think would happen at the theoretical temperature of absolute

0% 1. Atoms stop moving

2. Nuclear fusion

3. Atoms explode

4. Atoms change into antimatter

Entrance Video

Molecules in Motion

Changes in State

If the atoms that make up a substance gain enough kinetic energy, they can overcome the

forces of attraction and change to a new state. This usually occurs at a

specific temperature.

Changes in State

If the atoms that make up a substance lose enough kinetic

energy, they will be attracted to other atoms and change state. This

also usually occurs at a specific temperature.

Names for State Changes

Melting – change from a solid to a liquid; occurs at a substance’s

melting point (m.p.) Freezing – change from liquid to a

solid; occurs at a substance’s freezing point (f.p.)

(Melting Point = Freezing Point)

Condensation – change from a gas to a liquid

Vaporization – all types of changes from liquid to a gas

Types of Vaporization

Boiling – a change from liquid to gas due to heating

Occurs at the boiling point Evaporation – a change from liquid to gas due to escape of surface atoms

of a liquid Occurs at any temperature (that it

remains a liquid)

Sublimation – change from a solid straight to a gas

Deposition – change from a gas to a solid without first becoming

a liquid

Phase Changes Video Clips

Sublimation of Iodine Change in State Phase Changes

Bangalore Iron Pour

JOURNAL #7

USE THE KINETIC THEORY to explain what happens to

the T1000. Terminator 2 Video Clip

Exit Questions

Ready your remote

A change in state from gas to liquid is called

0% 1. Melting

2. Freezing

3. Vaporizing

4. Condensing

A change in state from liquid to gas that only occurs at the surface of a liquid is

called

0% 1. Melting

2. Freezing

3. Boiling

4. Evaporation

Classwork Assignments

RETURN REMOTES

Turn to page 29 “Changes in State”

Complete p. 30-31 “Thermal Energy & Changes in State”

JOURNAL #8

USE THE KINETIC THEORY to explain what happens to

the popcorn & balloon.

Entrance Questions

Ready your remote

A substance contracts at a lower temperature because

A change in state from liquid to solid is called

0% 1. Melting

2. Freezing

3. Vaporizing

4. Condensing

A change in state from gas to solid is called

0% 1. Sublimation

2. Deposition

3. Vaporization

4. Condensation

Tables - Solid, Liquid, or Gas?

A substance remains a solid until its temperature reaches its m.p.

WATER’s m.p. = 0°CBelow 0°C WATER is a

A substance is a liquid so long as its temperature is between its m.p. and

its b.p.

WATER’s m.p. = 0°CAbove 0°C WATER has melted and

become liquid

A substance will be a gas as long as its temperature is above its b.p.

WATER’s b.p. = 100°C

Above 100°C WATER has boiled and

become a gas

Classwork Assignments

RETURN REMOTES Turn to page 32 “States of Matter”

Complete p. 33 “Substances & Their States”

Complete p.34 “Reading a Table of Properties”

The Properties packet should now be completed & include 8 journals!!

properties of matter notes © 2008 by tim f. rowbotham

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