quarter review unit 3. of which elements are most living things composed?

Quarter ReviewUnit 3

Of which elements are most living things

composed?Oxygen (O) 24%

Carbon (C ) 11%

Nitrogen (N) 4%

Others such as phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) 2%

What property makes Carbon

special for living things?

It makes four bondsIt forms single, double and

tripleLots of variety for protein,

nucleic acids, lipids & carbohydrates

Plants are able to grow much taller because of this property of water:Capillary Action: adhesion/cohesion of water molecules to each other and to the sides of the plant

What is a Cell Organelle?

Organelle= “little organ”

Found only inside eukaryotic cells

Control center of the cell

Contains DNA

Surrounded by a double membrane

Job of ___________?Nucleus

Connected to nuclear membrane

Highway of the cell

_______: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins

_____: no ribosomes; it makes lipids

What is the advantage to multiple folds (accordian-like) for organelles?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

_____________: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins

___________: no ribosomes; it makes lipids

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough

Smooth

Site of protein synthesis

Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol

Produced in a

part of the nucleus

called the nucleolus

Ribosomes

Stores, modifies and packages proteins

Molecules transported by means of vesicles

Golgi Apparatus

Garbage disposal of the cell

Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes

Lysosomes

“Powerhouse of the cell”

Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use

Mitochondria

Found only in plant cells

Contains the green pigment chlorophyll

Site of food (glucose) production

Chloroplast

Cell Wall Found in plant

and bacterial cells

Rigid, protective barrier

Located outside of the cell membrane

Vacuoles Large central

vacuole usually in plant cells

Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells

Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.

What type of microscope may have been used to

take this picture?

Centriole Aids in cell

division

Usually found only in animal cells

Plant vs. Animal Cells

Large Vacuole

Chloroplast

Cell Wall Centrioles

Small Vacuoles

Cell Membrane Importance?

Cell Membrane Selectively Permeable

Cell Membrane How and Why is

arranged this way?

Cell Membrane Hydrophobic tails

repelled from water and are inside; Hydrophilic heads attracted to water on outside

Why do we use Stains when looking

at specimens under a microscope?

To help parts stand out

Hypo Hyper

Iso

Particle moving from LOW to HIGH…

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Shown

By RED dots

What is the term for “a state of balance”,

as in, particles on both sides of a

membrane are in balance?

EQUILIBRIUM

NAME THE PHASES?Explain what is

happening

C

D

A

B

Answers:

NAME THE PHASE

A: Anaphase, Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers and go to opposite sides of the cell

B:Metaphase, Chromosomes (sister chromatids) line up on the mid-line of the cell; spindle fibers attach

NAME THE PHASE

C: Telophase and Cytokinesis: the cell begins to furrow, and the organelles and cytoplasm split between the two cells

D: Prophase: The DNA has coiled up and is visible, the nuclear envelope disappears

GENETICS VOCAB

1)diagram used by biologists to predict the outcome of a genetic cross  

2)refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait  

3)condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present  

4)refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait  

5)an alternative form of a gene  

6)condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its two parents  

7)genetic trait that is expressed when it's allele is homozygous or heterozygous  

(strong trait)

8)genetic trait that is not expressed when the contrasting form of the trait is present  (hidden trait)

9)study of heredity    

10)cross involving one pair of contrasting traits  

11)transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring  

12)A segment of DNA that codes for one trait

13) A tightly coiled strand of DNA 

14)observable characteristics of an organism  

15)the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles

Vocab Answers1. . Punnett Square

2. Heterozygous

3. Co-dominance

4. Homozygous

5. Allele

6. Incomplete Dominance

Vocab Answers7. Dominant

8. Recessive

9. Genetics

10. Monohybrid

11. Inheritance

12. gene

Vocab Answers

13.chromosome

14.Genotype

15.Phenotype