racquel wright, natalya cummings, balraj kaur , michelle jimenez
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Racquel Wright, Natalya Cummings, Balraj Kaur, Michelle Jimenez
NOT TOO HIGH, NOT TOOLOW, BUT JUST RIGHT!
UNDERSTANDING YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE AND MANAGING HYPERTENSION
Today We’ll Talk about… What does your heart do? What is blood pressure? What should your blood
pressure numbers be? What are the
signs/symptoms of high and low blood pressure?
What do you do if your blood pressure numbers are too high or too low?
Your Heart It looks like an ice-
cream cone! Pointed bottom Rounded top Hollow Can fill up with
blood
More about Your Heart – In middle of chest
– Between your lungs
– Size of fist
– Tipped over• More on left side
– Is a muscle• Acts like a pump
Your heart sends blood to the whole bodyOxygenNutrientsCarries away waste
Heart Parts: Arteries Capillaries Veins
Blood Pressure Measurement
Force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries• Force• Amount of
blood • Size • Flexibility of the
arteries
Steps to follow before Taking your Blood Pressure
Don’t use 30 minutes prior to taking your blood pressure: Caffeine, Alcohol, or Tobacco.
Go to the bathroom. Rest 3-5 minutes before taking
your blood pressure. Sit comfortably.
Legs and ankles uncrossed Back supported
Tips for Accurate Use Same time of day Use the same arm
Left Don’t measure
immediately upon waking up, or
immediately after exercising. Wait an hour.
Remember Blood Pressure…. Varies throughout
the day Is often higher in
the morning Talk about your
personal blood pressure goals with your doctor.
Risk Factors Age Race Family history Being overweight or
obese. Not being physically
active. Certain chronic
conditions i.e high cholesterol, diabetes, kidney disease and sleep apnea.
Risk Factors Using tobacco. Too much salt
(sodium) in your diet. Too little potassium
in your diet Too little vitamin D in
your diet. Drinking too much
alcohol. Stress
Causes Primary (essential) hypertension
For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure.
Secondary hypertensionSome people have high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition. Various conditions and medications can lead to secondary hypertension, including:
Kidney problems Adrenal gland tumors Certain defects in blood vessels you're born with (congenital) Certain medications, such as birth control pills, cold remedies,
decongestants, over-the-counter pain relievers and some prescription drugs
Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines
What Does Your Blood Pressure Reading Mean?
Normal• Less than 120• Less than 80
Pre-hypertension• 120-139• 80-89
High Blood Pressure – Stage 1• 140-159• 90 – 99
High Blood Pressure – Stage 2• 160 or higher• 100 or higher
Why Worry about High Blood Pressure?
Heart gets larger• Leads to
heart failure• Heart
can’t pump enough blood throughout the body.
Small bulges in blood vessels• “Aneurysms”
• Main artery from the heart
• Arteries in the brain, legs, and intestines
• Artery to the spleen
Blood vessels in kidneys narrow• Kidne
y failure
Arteries in the body harden faster• Heart
attack • Stroke• Kidney
failure • Amputati
on of part of the leg
Blood vessels in the eyes burst or bleed• Vision
changes
• Blindness
Signs/Symptoms Hypertension (high BP) Hypotension (low BP)
• Headache Dizziness
• Dizziness Fainting • Shortness of breath Blurred vision
• Blurred vision Cold, clammy skin
• Nausea Rapid, shallow breathing
• Fatigue or confusion Nausea
• Pounding in your chest Thirst
• Irregular heartbeat
• Chest pain
Treatment
All patients with blood pressure readings greater than 120/80 should be encouraged to make lifestyle modifications, such as eating a healthier diet, quitting smoking, and getting more exercise. Treatment with medication is recommended to lower blood pressure to less than 140/90. For patients who have diabetes or chronic kidney disease the recommended blood pressure is less than 130/80.
Thiazide diuretics. Diuretics sometimes called water pills, are medications that act
on your kidneys to help your body eliminate sodium and water, reducing blood volume. Ex: Aldoril, Diachlor, Diuril
Beta blockers. These medications reduce the workload on your
heart and open your blood vessels, causing your heart to beat slower and with less force. Ex: atenolol, metoprolol
Treatment
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. These medications help relax blood vessels by blocking the formation of a natural
chemical that narrows blood vessels. Ex: vasotec, lisinopril
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). These medications help relax blood vessels by blocking the action of a natural chemical
that narrows blood vessels. Ex losartan, valsartan Calcium channel blockers. These medications help relax the muscles of your blood vessels. Some slow your heart
rate. Calcium channel blockers may work better for blacks and older adults than do ACE inhibitors or beta blockers alone. A word of caution for grapefruit lovers, though. Grapefruit juice interacts with some calcium channel blockers, increasing blood levels of the medication and putting you at higher risk of side effects. Ex: procardia
Renin inhibitors. slows down the production of renin, an enzyme produced by your kidneys that starts a
chain of chemical steps that increases blood pressure. Ex: tekturna
Lifestyle Changes Eat healthy foods. Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet: fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy foods.
Decrease the salt in your diet. A lower sodium level — 1,500 milligrams (mg) a day —
Maintain a healthy weight. If you're overweight, losing even 5 pounds (2.3 kilograms) can lower your blood pressure.
Alternative Medicine Although diet and exercise are the best tactics to
lower your blood pressure, some supplements also may help decrease it. These include:
Alpha-linolenic acid Blond psyllium Calcium Cocoa Cod-liver oil Coenzyme Q10 Omega-3 fatty acids Garlic While it's best to include these supplements in
your diet as foods, you can also take supplement pills or capsules
You can also practice relaxation techniques, such as yoga or deep breathing, to help you relax and reduce your stress level.
Alternative methods Increase physical
activity. Limit alcohol Don't smoke. Tobacco
injures blood vessel walls and speeds up the process of hardening of the arteries.
Manage stress Monitor your blood
pressure at home Practice relaxation or
slow, deep breathing.
How Often Should You Check Your Blood Pressure? • A few days every month if you… have well controlled blood pressure More often if you… just started home monitoring of your blood
pressure changed medications have health problems
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/HI00016
Call Your Doctor When…
Your blood pressure is higher or lower than normal, and you have: Severe headache, or Chest pain, or Numbness, or Tingling Dizziness or fainting Cold, clammy skin Rapid, shallow breathing
Start Monitoring
Easy Convenient It betters your
health. Try it!
Questions?
References Touhy, T. A., & Jett, K. F. (2010). Ebersole and
Hess' Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010), High blood pressure. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/
Mayo Clinic. (2012, Aug. 10). Blood pressure charts. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/blood-pressure/HI00043
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