rapid development and flexible deployment of adaptive wireless sensor network applications...
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Rapid Development and Flexible Deployment of Adaptive Wireless Sensor Network Applications
Chien-Liang Fok, Gruia-Catalin Roman, Chenyang Luhttp://mobilab.wustl.edu/projects/agilla
Mobile Computing LaboratoryDistributed Object Computing LaboratoryDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering
2MURI 2005
Motivation
Software development for sensor networks is hard Limited resources Difficult to debug Large & highly dynamic network
Existing software lacks flexibility Entire network runs just one application Cannot adapt to changes in
• the environment• user requirements
3MURI 2005
Motivating Example Three applications: 1) Environmental Monitoring,
2) Fire Detection, 3) Fire Tracking
4MURI 2005
Agilla: A Flexible Middleware for Sensor Networks
Env. monitoring agentFire detection agentFire tracking agent
Sensor network as a shared computing resource Flexible application deployment
5MURI 2005
Agilla’s System Architecture
TinyOS
Node @ (1,1)
Tuplespace
Agilla Middleware
Agents
TinyOS
Node @ (2,1)
Tuplespace
Agilla Middleware
Agentsmigrate
remote accessNeighbor
ListNeighbor
List
Middleware Services Middleware Services
6MURI 2005
Agilla’s Computational Model
Cloneor
MigrateCode
Stack
Heap
ConditionCodes
PC
Two variants of each: 1) Strong (code + state) 2) Weak (code only)
7MURI 2005
Location-Base Addressing
Nodes are addressed by location
(3,1) (3,2)(3,3)
(2,2)
(1,1) (1,3)
clone to (3,3)clone to (3,1)
Fire DetectionAgent
8MURI 2005
Tuple Space-Based Coordination Content-addressable shared memory
Tuple – A set of data fields Template – A pattern that matches particular tuples
Provides spatiotemporal decoupling
“out”
“rout”
“in”
TuplespaceTuplespace
“in”
9MURI 2005
Implementation on TinyOS 1.1.13
Agilla 1.x is available for Mica2 and MicaZ motes 4 agents/node
Agent Injector Written in Java Remote Injection via RMI
Key Challenges: Memory:
• ROM: 54.7KB of 128KB • RAM: 3.5KB of 4KB
Message loss
10MURI 2005
Agilla 1.x Test Bed
6x9 Mica2 Mote Test Bed
Multi-hop Grid One base station
Base Station
11MURI 2005
Performance Evaluation: migration vs. remote tuple space access
Migration instructions are more reliable because of hop-by-hop acknowledgements…
…but remote tuplespace operationshave less overhead
13MURI 2005
Application Experiences Fire Detection & Tracking
Presented at MURI 3-Year Review and IPSN 2005 Efficient Network Exploration
In collaboration with UCI Presented at MURI 3-Year Review
Intruder Detection and Tracking Yuling Liang’s CS 521S Class Project
Cargo Tracking In collaboration with
Robot Navigation Around Fires In collaboration with the Media Machines Lab
14MURI 2005
Intruder Detection and Tracking
Base Station
Tracker sends back a heartbeat. Base station re-deploys tracker if heartbeat goes away.
15MURI 2005
Cargo Tracking
7 million containers arrive annually into the US Impossible to check every container
Existing container security devices are limited:
•Requires line-of-sight with satellite•Low-bandwidth (six 9B msgs/day)•$500/device, $34.95/mo
16MURI 2005
AgiTrack: Cargo Tracking using Agilla
base
station
base
station
Internet
•Manifest•Security Flags
•Find Cargo•Load Manifest•Find Intrusions
17MURI 2005
Dynamic Context Discovery & Multi-Hop Network Formation
Ship
Dock
base
station
base
station
PDA
18MURI 2005
Agilla 2.0
Supports multiple base stations Allows nodes to move (physical mobility) Integrates wireless sensor networks with IP
networks
Agilla Network
Agilla Network
AgillaTuple Space
LimoneTuple Space
Limone Network
(IP)
Limone ServiceRegistry
Limone agent encapsulatesAgilla agent
21MURI 2005
Robot Navigation Videos
Without sensor network data With sensor network data
http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~bayazit/index.php?page=sensornet
22MURI 2005
System Challenges
Multi-Hop Routing No geographic routing implementation available for
Mica 2 Not enough memory on Mica2 motes for Agilla & Mint
Indoor localization Cricket motes use a different radio packet and don’t
have enough memory to run Agilla Use Cricket & Mica 2 platforms
Outdoor localization Least Squares Scaling (LSS) UIUC
23MURI 2005
Conclusions
Mobile agent middleware simplifies application deployment & increases network flexibility
Empirical results show that deploying sensor network applications via mobile agents is reliable and efficient
There are many applications for mobile agents in wireless sensor networks Fire detection Intruder detection Cargo tracking Robot navigation
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