rapid environmental impact assessment project c. kelly, rea project and david stone, frame project...
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Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
C. Kelly, REA Project
and
David Stone, FRAME Project
Environmental Impact Analysis and Shelter Activities
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
Objectives• Briefly discuss 3 tools available to analyze
the environmental impacts of shelter activities.
• Raise moral and ethical obligations, policy and best practice with respect to the environment and shelter activities.
• Identity gaps and needs for additional training and tools for disaster EIAs focusing on shelter.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
The Problem• Environmental conditions can contribute to
disasters.• Disasters can result in negative environmental
impacts.• Relief aid can have positive or negative
environmental impact.• Failing to corporate environmental impact
assessment into shelter activities can result in “building back worse”, with increased hardship and risk to the disaster survivors.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
Key Origins Post-Disaster Shelter Environmental Impacts
• Rapid and significant replacement of resources lost in a disaster. Replacement of resources accumulated over 20-30 years in 2-3 years.
• Minimal reuse/recycling in the project approach.
• Changes in land use and occupation patterns: Transitional and Permanent Shelter.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment in Disasters (REA)
Components
Four “Tools”:
1. Organization Level Assessment
2. Community Level Assessment
3. Consolidation and Analysis
4. Green Emergency Procurement Checklist
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
The Environmental Impact Review of Shelter Checklist
• Developed after Tsunami in Sri Lanka.• Designed to Sphere and other good
practices.• Recognizes post disaster shelter is an
incremental process.• Balance between detail and speed.• Voluntary compliance.• Non-specialist user.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
• Built around the shelter life cycle. • Four forms: Site Selection, Construction,
Management, Decommissioning. • Completed
– As a review of plans before construction to identify need for changes
– As a review of existing sites to identify need for “upgrades”
• 20 – 30 min. to do full set, plus time for walk around site.
The Checklist Forms
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
Question Answer Guidance Sources of Information
Has the community near or surrounding the site been consulted about the site selection?
Consultation is an important way to avoid or limit conflict over the location of a shelter site. This conflict often revolves around access or control over natural resources.
Yes – No
If the answer is No:
Communities near the site should be involved in the site selection process.
ALNAP Global Study: Participation by Affected Populations in Humanitarian Action: Practitioner Handbook (draft) especially Chapter 10 (http://www.alnap.org/gs_handbook/gs_handbook.htm).
The Format and Process
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
REA and Shelter Checklist Available at
http://www.benfieldhrc.org/SiteRoot/disaster_studies/rea/rea_index.htm
Or just Google: Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment
SHELTER, OUTSIDE THE BOX
RELEVANT WHEN?
Contingency planning Site selection Site planning Site management Decommissioning The return process
CONSIDER
Physical site assessment (EA/REA)
Needs assessments Resources needed and
available - procurement Options available Governance and tenure Inter-agency co-ordination
Most damage to natural resources and ecosystem services probably happens during the early phases of site planning and establishment.
“Providing” shelter is often one of the starting points of this damage.
Livelihood prospects and opportunities are affected throughout, with a shift to hosting and receiving communities when camps close.
SOME SHELTER IMPACTS
FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, MONITORING AND EVALUATION IN REFUGEE-RELATED OPERATIONS
UNHCR CARE International
http://www.benfieldhrc.org/disaster_studies/rea/rea_unhcr_framework.htm
FRAME Project
WHY FRAME?
Recognised gaps in the tools available to address certain aspects of environmental management
Lack of tools appropriate for HCR/IPs Needed innovative and appropriate
approaches Needed something which addressed the
whole cycle of project/programme management – and which could reach across all sectors
Wanted a product that could be used by different stakeholders and capable of being adapted for different situations
AUDIENCE
Specialist consultants UNHCR’s Implementing Partners UNHCR Environmental Co-ordinators or Focal Points Camp and settlement managers UNHCR management Government authorities Representatives from refugee and host communities, e.g.
Environmental Committees
Some Modules will be more appropriate to specific users
PROCESS ADOPTED
Expert consultation – drafting Field applications (Guinea & Uganda) Field testing (Chad, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Sudan,
Thailand, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Guinea, Nepal) Training (REA + CEAP) Revisions Peer review Pilot launch
FRAME TOOLKIT
Module I Introduction Module II Environmental Assessment (EA) Module III Rapid Environmental Assessment
(REA) Module IV Community Environmental Action Plan
(CEAP) Module V Environmental Indicators Framework Module VI Geographic Information System (GIS)
Applications for Environmental Management
Module VII Evaluation
USING THE TOOLKIT Some Observations
FRAME’s tools respond to user needs - relevant Appreciation at field level – relevant and appropriate Gives managers information they can understand and
use Flexible and offers different approaches to different
situations Some users will need training and technical back-up
support On balance, if the Toolkit is used in a comprehensive
manner, it will add value
CAN THIS HELP?
Timely assessments, for example, can: Identify problems, issues and risks in a timely and
consistent manner Help develop more appropriate responses – some
traditional approaches may need to change; new social skills may need to be applied
Results easily interpreted, integrated and applied Institutional commitment and follow-up
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Project
Our Four Little Questions
1. Are the current tools adequate? 2. Are there adequate capacities to
assess and act on assessment results?
3. Are policies and funding adequate? 4. Do shelter experts have other more
important things to do that worry about the environment?
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