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eJIFCC2019Vol30No3pp250-275Page 250
This is a Platinum Open Access Journal distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Recommendations on measurement units – why and how Young Bae Lee HansenOn behalf of the IFCC-IUPAC Committee on Nomenclature for Properties and Units (C-NPU)
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T
Globally, laboratories are producing, communicating, and exchanging millions of laboratory examination values to multiple parties every day. For most values, ‘measurement units’ are required to make the nu-merical values comparable and meaningful. However, a non-systematic use of ‘measurement units’ can cre-ate errors in communication between health care pro-viders and become a risk to patient safety. Therefore, the Committee of Nomenclature for Properties and Units (C-NPU) recommends using an unambiguous terminology of ‘measurement units’, for daily patient care and scientific publications. In this work, C-NPU summarizes the recommendations on ‘measurement units’, explaining the reasons and the principles of the ‘measurement units’ used in laboratory medicine.
Corresponding author:Young Bae Lee Hansen (YBLH)Titular member of C-NPUThe Danish Health Data AuthorityØrestads Boulevard 5 DK-2300 Copenhagen S.DenmarkE-mail: ysvl@hotmail.com
Key words:weights and measures, metric system, international system of units, health information interoperability, health communication, medical informatics
Disclosure: The author declares no conflict of interest.
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INTRODUCTION
‘Measurement unit’ (unit) is a well-understood and necessary concept in laboratory medicine. Without units, most quantitative laboratory ex-amination values will not make sense and are not comparable. Dybkær and Jørgensen wrote in 1967: “To state that the mass concentration of haemoglobin in a blood sample is 25 is essen-tially meaningless. If the unit g/L is assumed, the patient is considered anaemic. If the unit g/dL is assumed, the patient is considered to be polycytaemic” (1).
With the introduction of the International System of Units (SI units) (2) in the 1960’s, the worldwide scientific laboratory societies have accepted and, to a large extent, implemented the SI units for presentation of laboratory re-ports in health care and research. However, as indicated by the recent campaign of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and laboratory Medicine (EFLM), there is never-theless a further need of standardisation or harmonisation on a national, regional, and international level (3). The campaign recom-mended implementation of the “principles on units”, proposed by Dybkær and Jørgensen in 1967 (1). These principles are more restricted than the original SI-system to ensure unambi-guity in reporting, presenting, and exchanging quantity values in health care. Each laboratory may choose any relevant units for reporting laboratory examination values, but when mul-tiple parties are involved in exchanging labora-tory reports, the choice should be limited to the “principles on units”. Arguably, the principles will reduce the risk of post-analytical errors, e.g. misunderstanding and misinterpretation of laboratory reports and errors in communication between different health care personnel and organisations.
The “principles on units” in laboratory medicine, as initially proposed by Dybkær and Jørgensen,
have been implemented in the Nomenclature for Properties and Unit (NPU) terminology (4, 5).
In this letter, we summarise the IFCC’s and IUPAC’s Recommendations and Technical Reports on relevant principles and rules on units in labora-tory medicine, and the reasons behind these principles.
KIND-OF-QUANTITY, QUANTITY, AND MEASUREMENT UNIT
In order to understand the concept ‘measure-ment unit’, it is necessary to see its close re-lation to the other essential metrological con-cepts ‘kind-of-quantity’ and ‘quantity’. ‘Mass’, ‘substance concentration’, and ‘volume fraction’ are examples of ‘kinds-of-quantity’ that place system and any relevant component in a mathe-matical relation. E.g., ‘substance concentration’ is defined as “amount-of-substance of compo-nent B divided by volume of system 1” or:
Amount-of-substance of component BVolume of system 1
On a more tangible level, the system and com-ponent can be specified further including a magnitude, e.g. :Amount-of-substance of sodium ion
Volume of Mr. Smith’s plasma= 140 mmol/L
The latter example is a ‘quantity’, having the for-mal and metrological definition “property of phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference” (6). The differ-ences between both concepts are shown in Table 1.
In laboratory medicine, eight ‘base kinds-of-quantity’ exist as listed in Table 2 with their corresponding ‘base units’ and ‘quantity di-mensions’ (5). The ‘base kinds-of-quantity (e.g. ‘amount-of-substance’) can be combined in var-ious ways, forming ‘derived kinds-of-quantity’, e.g. ‘substance concentration’.
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To ‘substance concentration’, the corresponding compound unit can be, e.g., mmol/L. To a (base or derived) kind-of-quantity, several corre-sponding units are possible. Examples of corre-sponding units to ‘substance concentration’ are ‘mol/L’, ‘mmol/L’, ‘µmol/L’, ‘nmol/L’, etc. A com-prehensive description of ‘kinds-of-quantity’ and ‘measurement units’ can be found in IFCC’s and IUPAC’s ‘Silver Book’ (5)–together with ‘kind-of-nominal-property (related to ‘nominal properties’ which have no magnitude).
Reporting solely the numerical value and unit may not be sufficient information on the ex-amination because the possible corresponding ‘kind-of-quantity’ to e.g., ‘g/L’, could be ‘mass concentration’ or mass density’. Moreover, in order for the clinicians to assess the values of laboratory examinations, especially laboratory examination reports from other laboratories, it is essential to provide information about the generic nature of the laboratory examinations. Thus, C-NPU recommends to report, systemati-cally, the system, component, kind-of-quantity
(or kind-of-nominal property) and, when rele-vant, the unit for a given laboratory examination.
GENERAL RULES FOR SI UNITS AND NON-SI UNITS
It is recommended to use units with unambigu-ous definitions, accepted by international scien-tific communities. Such units can be SI units and non-SI units.
1. Base SI units
The definitions, symbols, and magnitudes of SI units are traced to accepted international refer-ences (Table 2) (2).
Examples
“The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second” (2).
“The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom” (2).
Level Concepts
Examples
Verbal expression Mathematical expression
Abstract kind-of-quantity
substance concentration
Amount-of-substance of component BVolume of system 1
Measurable quantity
substance concentration of sodium ion
in Mr. Smith’s plasma is 143 mmol/L at
2:30 p.m. on 2nd May 2018.
Amount-of-substance of sodium ion Volume of Mr. Smith’s plasma
= 143 mmol/L
Table 1 Kind-of-quantity and quantity
In the example for ‘quantity’, ‘plasma’ is the ‘system’, ‘sodium ion’ is the ‘component’ and ‘substance concentration’ is the ‘kind-of-quantity’. Also, there is a magnitude according to the definition of ‘quantity’, as compared with the example for ‘kind-of-quantity’ that does not have a magnitude.
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Note: From the year 2019, all seven SI base units will be defined in terms of constants. The practical use of the seven SI base units will not change (7).
2. Unit of a given magnitude should have only one expression
For a unit with a given magnitude, there are several possible expressions, e.g.:
mmolL
= µmolmL
nmolµL
pmolnL
= =
Such variety may cause errors in communication between health personnel and organisations.
To ensure unambiguity in reporting values, only one expression for a unit of a given magnitude should be used.
3. Multiples and submultiples of units
To present numerical values in the interval of 0.1–999 (8) and to make values with very large or very small numerical values readable, the units can be combined with SI prefixes, ex-pressed as either SI prefix symbols or SI prefix factors (numerical values) (Table 3).
To avoid errors in communication with potential patient mistreatments as consequences, mul-tiple combinations of SI prefixes should not be allowed. Thus, the following rules apply:
• One SI prefix per unit
• The SI prefix belongs to the numerator only
Only one SI prefix per unit should be used. Combinations of SI prefixes are to be avoided (Table 4).
Base kind-of-quantity Base unit Dimension
Term Term Symbol Symbol
length metre m L
mass kilogram kg M
time second s T
electrical current ampere A I
thermodynamic temperature kelvin K Θ
amount-of-substance mole mol N
luminous intensity candela cd J
number of entities one 1 1
Table 2 Base kinds-of-quantity, corresponding base units, and dimensions
A list of base kinds-of-quantity and their corresponding base units and dimensions from IFCC’s and IUPAC’s ‘Silver Book’ (5). Note: ‘Number of entities’ is not an SI base kind-of-quantity but is used as a base kind-of-quantity in laboratory medicine.
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Table 4 Examples of one SI prefix per unit
Unit Unit symbolExamples
of deprecated unit symbols
Examination example with correct unit
Picogram pgµµg
10-6×µgThe mass of haemoglobin per erythrocyte
in Mr. Smith’s blood is 31 pg.
Millimole per litre mmol/L µmol/mL The substance concentration of sodium
in Mr. Smith’s plasma is 134 mmol/L.
Table 3 SI prefixes: factors, terms, and symbols
SI prefix table from the SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) [8th edition, 2006; updated in 2014] (BIPM) (2).
Factor Term Symbol Factor Term Symbol
101 deca da 10–1 deci d
102 hecto h 10–2 centi c
103 kilo k 10–3 milli m
106 mega M 10–6 micro µ
109 giga G 10–9 nano n
1012 tera T 10–12 pico p
1015 peta P 10–15 femto f
1018 exa E 10–18 atto a
1021 zetta Z 10–21 zepto z
1024 yotta Y 10–24 yocto y
An SI prefix in the denominator should be avoid-ed in a compound unit (Table 5).
An exception is that ’kilogram’ (and not ‘gram’) is the base SI unit for mass and therefore can be expressed in the denominator as ‘kg’.
4. Units for kinds-of-quantity of Dimension One (dimensionless)
Kind-of-quantity of Dimension One (dimen-sionless) is a “quantity for which all the expo-nents of the factors corresponding to the base
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quantities in its quantity dimension are zero” (6). The ‘base kind-of-quantity’, ‘number of entities’ and kinds-of-quantity with the same ‘kind-of-quantity’ (dimension) in the numerator and de-nominator, e.g. ‘mass fraction’
Mass of component BMass of system 1
or ‘substance ratio’
Amount-of-substance of component BAmount-of-substance of component C
have the dimension one, according to the rules of algebra. The corresponding coherent units for these kinds-of-quantity are numerical val-ues, e.g., ‘one’ or SI prefix factors. The specified ‘kind-of-quantity’ along with the corresponding unit in the laboratory report provide the full na-ture of the quantity measured.
For the ‘kinds-of-quantity’ of Dimension One with the corresponding unit ‘one’, the unit sym-bol is often omitted for the values of these types (Table 6).
Table 5 Examples of SI prefix in the numerator
UnitUnit
symbol
Examples of deprecated
symbolsExamination example with correct unit
Micromole per litre µmol/L nmol/mL The substance concentration of bilirubins in Mr. Smith’s plasma is 8 µmol/L.
Millimole per kilogram mmol/kg µmol/g The mass of calprotectin in Mr. Smith’s faeces is 8 mmol/kg.
Table 6 Examples of the unit ‘one’ for kinds-of-quantity of Dimension One
UnitUnit
symbolExamples
of deprecated symbolsExamination example with correct unit
One 1
- The number of cavities in Mr. Smith’s teeth is 2.
kg/kg mg/mg
The mass fraction of free prostata specific antigen of total prostata specific antigen
in Mr. Smith’s plasma is 0.14.
mol/mol mmol/mmol
The substance fraction of methaemoglobin of haemoglobin in Mr. Smith’s blood is 0.03.
L/L µL/µL
The volume fraction of erythrocytes of Mr. Smith’s blood is 0.42.
s/s min/min
The time of tissue factor-induced coagulation in Mr. Smith’s plasma divided by the time of
tissue factor-induced coagulation in the certified reference material, IRP 67/40, is 1.0 (INR).
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To express very small or very large values, the units should be expressed as SI prefixes, accord-ing to the rules of multiples and submultiples of units. To avoid confusion with unit symbols, SI prefix factors should be used, not the SI prefix symbols (Table 7).
Consequently, redundant units are avoided be-cause the same unit ‘one’ or SI prefix factors can represent units of various dimensionless kind-of-quantities and different expressions of a unit of a given magnitude (Table 6 and Table 8).
Another issue to address is conversion of unit from ‘one’ to ‘%’ for a kind-of-quantity of di-mension ‘one’, e.g. erythrocyte volume frac-tion (EVF). EVF can be expressed with ‘one’ or ‘%’ as units, whereas ‘one’ is usually omit-ted. Without the indication of unit, it may be tempted to convert from ‘one’ to ‘%’. Values of erythrocyte volume fraction (EVF) will be reported either as “0.42” or ”42”. Despite the small and simple conversion from ‘one’ to ‘%’ the laboratory report with both type of results
Table 7 Examples of SI prefix factors as units for kinds-of-quantity of Dimension One
* ’M’ is the SI prefix symbols for ‘mega’; ** ‘m’ is the SI prefix symbols for ‘milli’.
UnitUnit
symbol
Examples of deprecated
symbols
Examination example with correct unit
Ten to the power of 6 per litre 106/L
M/L*
M×1/L
The number concentration of lymphocytes in Mr. Smith’s cerebrospinal
fluid is 8 × 106/L.
Ten to the power of -3 per litre 10-3/L
m/L**
m×1/L
The number concentration of RNA from Human immunodeficiency virus 1 in Mr. Smith’s plasma is 0 × 10-3/L.
Table 8 Examples of SI prefix factor representing various units
UnitUnit
symbol
Examples of deprecated
symbols
Examination example with correct unit
Ten to the power of -3 10-3
g/kg The mass fraction of ethanol of Mr. Smith’s blood is 0.5 × 10-3.
mmol/mol
The substance ratio of albumin/creatininium in Mr. Smith’s urine is 25 × 10-3.
(The albumin value is adjusted to the amount-of-substance of creatininium in urine).
1 reticulocyte 1000 erythrocytes
The number fraction of reticulocytes of erythrocytes in Mr. Smith’s blood is 10 × 10-3.
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will cause confusion, if not interpreted by a conscious human mind.
5. Units for quantities of the same sort of system, sort of component(s), and kind-of-quantity should differ at least by a factor of one thousand
A laboratory examination of a quantity with a given sort of system, sort of component(s), and kind-of-quantity can be reported with different corresponding units, according to the choice of the local laboratories. To reduce misinterpreta-tions that may occur when exchanging labora-tory results between hospitals or when health personnel change hospitals, it is recommended that the laboratories use units that differ by at least a prefix factor of one thousand (103) for the same type of examination performed in 2 or more laboratories.
E.g. Laboratory A measures the substance con-centration of epinephrine in plasma with the unit, ‘µmol/L’. Laboratory B performs the same type of measurement but present the value with a unit that differs at least by a prefix factor of one thousand. In this case Laboratory B uses the unit, ‘nmol/L’.
Example
NPU14042 Plasma—Epinephrine; substance concentration = ? µmol/L
NPU04625 Plasma—Epinephrine; substance concentration = ? nmol/L
This recommendation is to prevent overlap-ping intervals of value sets for a specific labora-tory examination. Often, value sets vary for the same laboratory examination using different units, but these variations may overlap when the units differ by a factor of 10 or 100, e.g. ‘cm’ and ‘mm’, ‘%’ and ‘‰’, or ‘dL’ and ‘L’. The overlaps can cause misinterpretation, when the clinicians incorrectly assume use of the unit they are familiar with for a result from an-other laboratory (see example below). Thus, the use of SI prefix factors: centi (c), deci (d), deca (da) and hecto (h) are discouraged, ex-cept when the units are lifted to a power (see section 7.3).
Example
Laboratories A and B (in Hospitals A and B, re-spectively) measure number fraction of the re-ticulocytes among erythrocytes in Mr. Smith’s blood with the use of two different units. The units differ by a factor of 10 (see below labora-tory reports from laboratories A and B).
The patient is regularly admitted to Hospital B, but due to practical difficulties, a blood sample from the patient is analysed by Laboratory A in the patient’s hometown. The health care per-sonnel at hospital B may not react adequate-ly on the value ‘1’ from laboratory A on 24th January, because the value lies in a familiar value set interval and could mistakenly be in-terpreted to be within Laboratory B’s reference interval (Table 9).
Table 9 Example of a cumulative laboratory report from two different laboratories
* Examination result from Lab A.; ** Examination result from Lab B.
Laboratory examination 12th Jan 20th Jan 24th JanReference
intervalUnit
Erythrocytes (Blood)—Reticulocytes; number fraction* - - 1 5–22 ×10-3
Erythrocytes (Blood)—Reticulocytes; number fraction** 1 0.8 - 0.5–2.2 ×10-2
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6. Non-SI units
Besides the non-SI units accepted for use to-gether with the SI system, e.g., litre, (Table 10), there are two important internationally used expressions for non-SI units in laboratory medi-cine: ‘WHO International Unit’ (IU) and ‘(proce-dure defined unit)’ (p.d.u.).
6.1 WHO International Unit (IU)
The term ‘WHO International Unit’ (IU) does not indicate one unit but comprises a heteroge-neous group of units, each defined by interna-tionally certified reference material (CRM), (e.g. a WHO International Standard). Thus, the given CRM defines the material and magnitude of the
Table 10 Non-SI units accepted for use with the International System of Units
An extract of a list of accepted non-SI units from BIPM (2).
Term Symbol
litre L
tonne t
day d
hour h
minute min
Dalton Da
Table 11 Examples of use of SI prefix for ‘International Unit’ and ‘enzyme unit’
UnitUnit
symbol
Examples of deprecated
symbolsExamination example with correct unit
10³ International Unit per litre
×103 IU/L kIU/L The arbitrary substance concentration
of Birch -IgE in Mr. Smith’s plasma is 10 × 103/L.
10-3 International Unit per litre
×10-3 IU/L mIU/L
The arbitrary number concentration of RNA from Hepatitis C virus in Mr. Smith’s plasma
is 200 × 10-3 IU/L.
10-3 enzyme unit per litre mU/L ×10-3 U/L The catalytic-activity concentration of guanosine
deaminase in Mr. Smith’s plasma is 250 mU/L.
103 enzyme unit per litre kU/L’ ×103 U/L
The catalytic-activity concentration of pancreatic amylase in Mr. Smith’s duodenal fluid
is 40 × 103 U/L.
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unit. ‘IU’ should not be confused with the sym-bol for enzyme unit ‘U’ that is defined as ‘µmol per minute’ (5).
A current CRM may not be permanent for a specific measurand, and the magnitude of the unit may be redefined by a new CRM batch (see examples below). To distinguish between differ-ent IUs, the given CRM should be stated in the examination report.
In the NPU terminology, the specific CRM is a part of the laboratory examination code (in the examples below ‘IS 09/172’ and ‘IS 84/665’ are specific CRMs).
Examples
NPU58076 Plasma—Coagulation factor IX; arbitrary substance concentration (enzymatic; IS 09/172; procedure) = ? IU/L
NPU01636 Plasma—Coagulation factor IX; arbitrary substance concentration (enzymatic; IS 84/665; procedure) = ? IU/L
Note: The modifier ‘arbitrary’ is ambiguous. Sometimes it is used for ‘random’. This is not the case here. An ‘arbitrary substance concentra-tion’ is a substance concentration decided and defined by an ‘arbiter’. In this case ‘WHO’ is the ‘arbiter’.
The use of SI prefix factors is allowed in de-scriptions of very small or very large values, because the international CRM has a well-de-fined magnitude. However, SI prefixes are not recommended in combination with IU expres-sions due to confusion with the symbol for the ‘enzyme unit’, U (Table 11). E.g. ‘kU/L’ can be mistaken for ‘kIU/L’, and ‘mU/L’ for ‘mIU/L’.
6.2 Procedure defined unit (p.d.u.)
If the unit is defined by a measurement proce-dure that is not traceable to an international unit or an international CRM, the laboratory must describe and term the unit used. Such units are frequently termed ‘arbitrary unit’,
‘arbitrary unit/L’, ‘ELISA unit’, etc. — with-out any indication of either dimension or magnitude.
The NPU terminology uses the term ‘(proce-dure defined unit)’, symbolized ‘(p.d.u.)’, to indicate that the NPU terminology does not specify the unit for the kind-of-quantity in question. Although it may appear to be a well-defined unit, the concept contains a heteroge-neous group of arbitrary and proprietary units.
It reflects the disagreement of the unit mag-nitudes between different assays and no com-mon CRM.
The actual magnitude of the unit depends on the analytical measurement procedure, and it is the responsibility of the laboratory to com-municate the required information for clinical evaluation of the laboratory reports.
Thus, the ‘(procedure defined unit)’ is a simple placeholder for the units that one or more labo-ratories have termed and described.
Local symbols for these non-SI units should not look like SI-units, such as ‘mg/L’, to prevent mis-understanding of laboratory values.
Example
NPU29718 Plasma—3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl -coenzyme A reductase antibody (IgG); arbitrary substance concentration (procedure) = ? (procedure defined unit)
In this case, the local term for the ‘(procedure defined unit)’ could be, e.g., ‘arbitrary unit/L’.
Combinations of the term ‘(p.d.u.)’ with SI pre-fixes and/or SI- or non-SI units are meaningless, as they may represent units of any magnitude and dimension (Table 12).
Comparisons on a national or regional level re-quire harmonisation and pre-coordination for the laboratory examinations using ‘(p.d.u.)’ as unit.
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7. Exceptions
Units that violate some of the above rules may exceptionally be accepted as follows.
7.1 International recommendation on specific units
Well-defined and unambiguous units that vio-late the above stated rules may be acceptable for use if an international recommendation has been established.
Example
‘Millimole per mole’ (‘mmol/mol’) was recom-mended by IFCC for the laboratory examination of ‘HbA1C’ (9).
7.2 Per cent
Many kinds-of-quantity defined as fractions are by convention and very long tradition expressed with the unit ‘per cent’ (‘%’ or ‘10-2’), however, it is recommended to use caution when using this unit due to the high risk of errors in communica-tion between health personnel, as explained in section 5. Therefore, if there is a strong inter-national need of using ‘%’ as unit for a spe-cific laboratory examination, an international
recommendation needs to be established for that specific laboratory examination.
Example
‘Per cent’ was recommended by IFCC for the laboratory examination ‘carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT)’ (10).
NPU57406 Transferrin (Plasma)—Disialotransferrin; substance fraction (IFCC 2016) = ? %
Consequently, for the NPU terminology, NPU codes for that laboratory examination, using ‘one’ or ‘10-3‘ as units, cannot be established due to risk of misinterpretation of exchanged labora-tory results. This will ensure that only ‘%’ will be reported in any laboratory.
7.3 Units lifted to a power
For units lifted to a power, e.g. ‘cm2‘ and ‘m3‘, the SI prefixes with a factor less than 1000 are ac-ceptable for a laboratory examination with the same system, component, and kind-of-quantity. E.g. ‘mm2’, ‘cm2’, ‘dm2’ and ‘m2’ are acceptable, because they ensure steps of at least a factor of 100 between the numerical values.
Table 12 Examples of use of procedure defined unit
UnitUnit
symbol
Examples of deprecated
symbolsExamination example
Procedure defined
unit(p.d.u.)
(p.d.u.)/kg
The arbitrary substance content of haemoglobin
in Mr. Smith’s faeces is 20 ELISA unit/kg.
m(p.d.u.)
10-3× (p.d.u.)
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The intervals of the value sets for these units are not overlapping, and there is no increased risk of misinterpretation in exchanging labora-tory reports.
Examples
Patient—Body Surface; area = 1.8 m²
Patient—Body Surface; area = 180 dm²
Patient—Body Surface; area = 18 000 cm²
Patient—Body Surface; area = 1 800 000 mm²
Note: The two bottom entries should for read-ability purposes not be established (see Section 3: Multiples and submultiples of units).
CONCLUSION
Globally, millions of laboratory examinations are performed, communicated, exchanged, and presented every day. Moreover, as patients (and health care personnel) are traveling between hospitals and other health care organisations, patient health data are communicated between these organisations as well.
The risk of post-analytical misinterpretations — especially of the exchanged laboratory data — is, thus, high and may induce errors in patient care. To reduce risk and support optimal interopera-bility, the reviewed principles on measurement units are recommended for use by all parties in health care IT systems and organisations, and in scientific publications in the field of health care.
To illustrate our recommendations regarding measurement units, we provide a list of two hundred frequent laboratory examinations with units as used in Danish, Dutch, Norwegian, and Swedish laboratories. See Supplement to ‘mea-surement units’ (in Table 13, after the References section).
In memory of Rene Dybkær and his tremendous contribution to laboratory medicine.
Vocabulary
component: part of a system (5)
kind-of-nominal-property: defining aspect, common to mutually comparable nominal properties (11)
kind-of-quantity: aspect common to mutually comparable quantities (6)
nominal property: property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no size (11)
numerical quantity value: (numerical value, value): number in the expression of a quantity value, other than any number serving as the reference (6)
ordinal kind-of-quantity: quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be estab-lished, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist (6)
quantity value: number and reference together expressing magnitude of a quantity (6)
system: part or phenomenon of the perceivable or conceivable world consisting of a demarcated arrangement of a set of elements and a set of re-lations or processes between these elements (5)
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2. Mesures BIdPe. SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI). In: Mesures BIdPe, editor. 8th edition ed. https://www.bipm.org2014.
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11. Nordin G, Dybkaer R, Forsum U, Fuentes-Arderiu X, Pontet F. Vocabulary on nominal property, examina-tion, and related concepts for clinical laboratory sci-ences (IFCC-IUPAC Recommendations 2017). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2017:23.
1N
PU03
230
Plas
ma—
Pota
ssiu
m io
n;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Pota
ssiu
m io
n;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aPo
tass
ium
ion
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
2N
PU28
309
Bloo
d—Ha
emog
lobi
n;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? g/
LB—
Haem
oglo
bin;
m
ass c
. = ?
g/L
Bloo
dHa
emog
lobi
nm
ass
conc
entr
ation
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
3N
PU02
319
Bloo
d—Ha
emog
lobi
n(Fe
); su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
B—Ha
emog
lobi
n(Fe
); su
bst.c
. = ?
mm
ol/L
Bloo
dHa
emog
lobi
nFe
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
4N
PU03
429
Plas
ma—
Sodi
um io
n;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Sodi
um io
n; su
bst.c
. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aSo
dium
ion
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
5N
PU02
593
Bloo
d—Le
ukoc
ytes
; nu
mbe
r con
cent
ratio
n =
? ×
109/
LB—
Leuk
ocyt
es; n
um.c
. = ?
×
10<s
up>9
</su
p>/L
Bloo
dLe
ukoc
ytes
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
6AL
ATN
PU19
651
Plas
ma—
Alan
ine
trans
amin
ase;
cata
lytic
conc
entra
tion(
IFCC
200
2) =
? U/
LP—
Alan
ine
tran
sam
inas
e;
cat.c
.(IFC
C 20
02) =
? U
/LPl
asm
aAl
anin
e tr
ans-
amin
ase
cata
lytic
co
ncen
trati
onIF
CC 2
002
U/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
7CR
PN
PU19
748
Plas
ma—
C-re
activ
e pr
otei
n;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? m
g/L
P—C-
reac
tive
prot
ein;
m
ass c
. = ?
mg/
LPl
asm
aC-
reac
tive
prot
ein
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onm
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
8Pl
atel
ets
NPU
0356
8Bl
ood—
Thro
mbo
cyte
s;
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
9/L
B—Th
rom
bocy
tes;
num
.c.
= ?
× 10
<sup
>9</
sup>
/LBl
ood
Thro
mbo
cyte
snu
mbe
r co
ncen
trati
on×
109/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
9N
PU18
016
Plas
ma—
Crea
tinin
ium
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
µm
ol/L
P—Cr
eatin
iniu
m;
subs
t.c. =
? µ
mol
/LPl
asm
aCr
eatin
iniu
msu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
µmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
10AL
PN
PU27
783
Plas
ma—
Alka
line
phos
phat
ase;
ca
taly
tic c
once
ntra
tion(
37 °C
; pr
oced
ure)
= ?
U/L
P—Al
kalin
e ph
osph
atas
e;
cat.c
.(37
°C; p
roc.
) = ?
U/L
Plas
ma
Alka
line
phos
-ph
atas
eca
taly
tic
conc
entr
ation
37 °C
; pr
oced
ure
U/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
11N
PU19
673
Plas
ma—
Albu
min
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion(
proc
edur
e) =
? g
/LP—
Albu
min
; m
ass c
.(pro
c.) =
? g
/LPl
asm
aAl
bum
inm
ass
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
eg/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
12AL
ATN
PU19
981
Plas
ma—
Alan
ine
tran
sam
inas
e;
cata
lytic
con
cent
ratio
n(IF
CC 2
002)
=
? µk
at/L
P—Al
anin
e tr
ansa
min
ase;
ca
t.c.(I
FCC
2002
) = ?
µka
t/L
Plas
ma
Alan
ine
tran
s-am
inas
eca
taly
tic
conc
entr
ation
IFCC
200
2µk
at/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
13AL
PN
PU01
144
Plas
ma—
Alka
line
phos
phat
ase;
ca
taly
tic c
once
ntra
tion(
37 °C
; pr
oced
ure)
= ?
µka
t/L
P—Al
kalin
e ph
osph
atas
e;
cat.c
.(37
°C; p
roc.
) = ?
µk
at/L
Plas
ma
Alka
line
phos
-ph
atas
eca
taly
tic
conc
entr
ation
37 °C
; pr
oced
ure
µkat
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
14N
PU01
933
Bloo
d—Eo
sinop
hilo
cyte
s;
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
9/L
B—Eo
sinop
hilo
cyte
s;
num
.c. =
? ×
10<
sup>
9</
sup>
/L
Bloo
dEo
sinop
hilo
-cy
tes
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
15N
PU02
636
Bloo
d—Ly
mph
ocyt
es; n
umbe
r con
-ce
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
9/L
B—Ly
mph
ocyt
es; n
um.c
. =
? ×
10<s
up>9
</su
p>/L
Bloo
dLy
mph
ocyt
esnu
mbe
r co
ncen
trati
on×
109/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
16N
PU02
840
Bloo
d—M
onoc
ytes
; nu
mbe
r con
cent
ratio
n =
? ×
109/
LB—
Mon
ocyt
es; n
um.c
. = ?
×
10<s
up>9
</su
p>/L
Bloo
dM
onoc
ytes
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
17N
PU01
349
Bloo
d—Ba
soph
ilocy
tes;
nu
mbe
r con
cent
ratio
n =
? ×
109/
LB—
Baso
philo
cyte
s; n
um.c
. =
? ×
10<s
up>9
</su
p>/L
Bloo
dBa
soph
ilo-
cyte
snu
mbe
r co
ncen
trati
on×
109/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
18N
PU04
998
Plas
ma—
Crea
tinin
ium
; sub
stan
ce
conc
entr
ation
(enz
ymati
c) =
? µ
mol
/LP—
Crea
tinin
ium
; su
bst.c
.(enz
.) =
? µm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Crea
tinin
ium
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onen
zym
atic
µmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
Tab
le 1
3S
up
ple
me
nt
to ‘m
ea
sure
me
nt
un
its’
19AS
ATN
PU22
279
Plas
ma—
Aspa
rtat
e tr
ansa
min
ase;
ca
taly
tic c
once
ntra
tion(
IFCC
200
2) =
?
µkat
/L
P—As
part
ate
tran
sam
i-na
se; c
at.c
.(IFC
C 20
02) =
?
µkat
/L
Plas
ma
Aspa
rtat
e tr
ansa
min
ase
cata
lytic
co
ncen
trati
onIF
CC 2
002
µkat
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
20N
PU01
370
Plas
ma—
Bilir
ubin
s;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? µ
mol
/LP—
Bilir
ubin
s; su
bst.c
. = ?
µm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Bilir
ubin
ssu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
µmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
21N
PU02
902
Bloo
d—N
eutr
ophi
locy
tes;
nu
mbe
r con
cent
ratio
n =
? ×
109/
LB—
Neu
trop
hilo
cyte
s;
num
.c. =
? ×
10<
sup>
9</
sup>
/L
Bloo
dN
eutr
ophi
lo-
cyte
snu
mbe
r co
ncen
trati
on×
109/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
22Hb
A1c
(IFCC
)N
PU27
300
Haem
oglo
bin
beta
cha
in(B
lood
)—N
-(1-d
eoxy
fruc
tos-
1-yl
)hae
mog
lobi
n be
ta c
hain
; su
bsta
nce
frac
tion
= ?
mm
ol/m
ol
Haem
oglo
bin
beta
ch
ain(
B)—
N-(1
-deo
xyfr
uc-
tos-
1-yl
)hae
mog
lobi
n be
ta
chai
n; su
bst.f
r. =
? m
mol
/m
ol
Haem
o-gl
obin
be
ta
chai
n
Bloo
dN
-(1-d
eoxy
-fr
ucto
s-1-
yl)
haem
oglo
bin
beta
cha
in
subs
tanc
e fr
actio
nm
mol
/mol
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
23eA
G (e
stim
ated
Av
erag
e Gl
ucos
e)
NPU
2741
2Pl
asm
a—Gl
ucos
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(a
vera
ge;
Hb A
1c; p
roce
dure
) = ?
mm
ol/L
P—Gl
ucos
e;
subs
t.c.(a
vera
ge; H
b A1
c;
proc
.) =
? m
mol
/L
Plas
ma
Gluc
ose
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onav
erag
e;
Hb A
1c;
proc
edur
e
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
24N
PU01
459
Plas
ma—
Carb
amid
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Carb
amid
e;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aCa
rbam
ide
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
25TS
HN
PU03
577
Plas
ma—
Thyr
otro
pin;
ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(IR
P 80
/558
; pro
cedu
re) =
? ×
10-
3 IU
/L
P—Th
yrot
ropi
n;
arb.
subs
t.c.(I
RP 8
0/55
8;
proc
.) =
? ×
10<s
up>-
3</
sup>
IU/L
Plas
ma
Thyr
otro
pin
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
IRP
80/5
58;
proc
edur
e×
10-3
IU/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
26Hb
A1c
(DCC
T)N
PU29
296
Haem
oglo
bin(
Fe;B
lood
)—Ha
emog
lobi
n A1
c(Fe
); su
bsta
nce
frac
tion(
NGS
P) =
? %
Hb(F
e; B
)—Ha
emog
lobi
n A1
c(Fe
); su
bst.f
r.(N
GSP)
=
? %
Haem
o-gl
obin
Fe;
Bloo
dHa
emog
lobi
n A1
cFe
subs
tanc
e fr
actio
nN
GSP
%Cl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
27To
tal c
ho-
lest
erol
NPU
0156
6Pl
asm
a—Ch
oles
tero
l+es
ter;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Chol
este
rol+
este
r; su
bst.c
. = ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Chol
este
rol
+est
ersu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
28LD
LN
PU01
568
Plas
ma—
Chol
este
rol+
este
r, in
LDL
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
P—Ch
oles
tero
l+es
ter,
in
LDL;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aCh
oles
tero
l +e
ster
, in
LDL
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
29HD
LN
PU01
567
Plas
ma—
Chol
este
rol+
este
r, in
HDL
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
P—Ch
oles
tero
l+es
ter,
in
HDL;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aCh
oles
tero
l +e
ster
, in
HDL
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
30GG
TN
PU22
283
Plas
ma—
gam
ma-
Glut
amyl
tran
sfer
ase;
ca
taly
tic c
once
ntra
tion(
IFCC
200
2) =
?
µkat
/L
P—ga
mm
a-Gl
utam
yltr
ansf
eras
e;
cat.c
.(IFC
C 20
02) =
? µ
kat/
L
Plas
ma
gam
ma-
Glut
amyl
-tr
ansf
eras
eca
taly
tic
conc
entr
ation
IFCC
200
2µk
at/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
31N
PU26
880
Eryt
hroc
ytes
(Blo
od)—
Haem
oglo
bin;
en
titic
mas
s = ?
pg
Ercs
(B)—
Haem
oglo
bin;
en
titic
mas
s = ?
pg
Eryt
hro-
cyte
sBl
ood
Haem
oglo
bin
entiti
c m
ass
pgCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
32N
PU26
631
Bloo
d—M
etam
yelo
cyte
s+M
yelo
cyte
s +P
rom
yelo
cyte
s;
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
9/L
B—M
etam
yelo
cyte
s+M
yel
ocyt
es+P
rom
yelo
cyte
s;
num
.c. =
? ×
10<
sup>
9</
sup>
/L
Bloo
dM
etam
y-el
ocyt
es +
M
yelo
cyte
s +
Prom
yelo
-cy
tes
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
33LD
HN
PU19
658
Plas
ma—
L-La
ctat
e de
hydr
ogen
ase;
ca
taly
tic c
once
ntra
tion(
IFCC
200
2) =
?
U/L
P—L-
Lact
ate
dehy
drog
e-na
se;
cat.c
.(IFC
C 20
02) =
? U
/L
Plas
ma
L-La
ctat
e
dehy
drog
e-na
se
cata
lytic
co
ncen
trati
onIF
CC 2
002
U/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
34Tr
igly
cer-
ides
NPU
0409
4Pl
asm
a—Tr
igly
cerid
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Trig
lyce
ride;
su
bst.c
. = ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Trig
lyce
ride
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
35M
CVN
PU01
944
Bloo
d—Er
ythr
ocyt
es;
entiti
c vo
lum
e =
? fL
B—Er
ythr
ocyt
es;
entiti
c vo
l. =
? fL
Bloo
dEr
ythr
ocyt
esen
titic
volu
me
fLCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
36Ha
emat
o-cr
itN
PU01
961
Bloo
d—Er
ythr
ocyt
es;
volu
me
frac
tion
= ?
B—Er
ythr
ocyt
es;
vol.f
r. =
?Bl
ood
Eryt
hroc
ytes
volu
me
frac
tion
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
37Ca
lciu
mN
PU01
443
Plas
ma—
Calc
ium
(II);
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Calc
ium
(II);
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aCa
lciu
mII
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
38Vi
tam
in
B12
NPU
0170
0Pl
asm
a—Co
bala
min
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
pm
ol/L
P—Co
bala
min
; su
bst.c
. = ?
pm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Coba
lam
insu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
pmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
39Ca
lciu
m
ion
NPU
0414
4Pl
asm
a—Ca
lciu
m io
n(fr
ee);
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(p
H =
7.
40;p
roce
dure
) = ?
mm
ol/L
P—Ca
lciu
m io
n(fr
ee);
subs
t.c.(p
H =
7.40
; pr
oc.)
= ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Calc
ium
ion
free
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onpH
= 7
.40;
pr
oced
ure
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
40N
PU02
192
Plas
ma—
Gluc
ose;
su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
P—Gl
ucos
e;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aGl
ucos
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
41M
CHC
NPU
0232
1Er
ythr
ocyt
es(B
lood
)—Ha
emog
lobi
n(Fe
); su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
Ercs
(B)—
Haem
oglo
bin(
Fe);
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LEr
ythr
o-cy
tes
Bloo
dHa
emog
lobi
nFe
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
42GG
TN
PU19
657
Plas
ma—
gam
ma-
Glut
amyl
tran
sfer
ase;
ca
taly
tic c
once
ntra
tion(
IFCC
200
2)
= ?
U/L
P—ga
mm
a-Gl
utam
yltr
ansf
eras
e;
cat.c
.(IFC
C 20
02) =
? U
/L
Plas
ma
gam
ma-
Glut
amyl
-tr
ansf
eras
eca
taly
tic
conc
entr
ation
IFCC
200
2U
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
43Pr
othr
om-
bine
tim
eN
PU18
878
Plas
ma—
Coag
ulati
on, ti
ssue
fa
ctor
-indu
ced;
arb
itrar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(coa
gula
tion;
pr
oced
ure)
= ?
(p.d
.u.)
P—Co
agul
ation
, tiss
ue
fact
or-in
duce
d; a
rb.
subs
t.c.(c
oag.
; pro
c.) =
?
(p.d
.u.)
Plas
ma
Coag
ulati
on,
tissu
e fa
ctor
-in
duce
d
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
coag
ulati
on;
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Tr
ombo
sis a
nd
Haem
osta
sisRa
tio
44Vi
tam
in
D2+D
3N
PU10
267
Plas
ma—
Calc
ifedi
ol+2
5-Hy
drox
yerg
ocal
cife
rol;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? n
mol
/L
P—Ca
lcife
diol
+25-
Hydr
oxye
rgoc
alci
fero
l; su
bst.c
. = ?
nm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Calc
ifedi
ol+
25-H
ydro
xyer
-go
calc
ifero
l
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onnm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
45N
PU01
960
Bloo
d—Er
ythr
ocyt
es;
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
12/L
B—Er
ythr
ocyt
es; n
um.c
. =
? ×
10<s
up>1
2</s
up>/
LBl
ood
Eryt
hroc
ytes
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
12/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
4625
-Hyd
roxy
-V
itam
in
D2
NPU
2681
0Pl
asm
a—25
-Hyd
roxy
ergo
calc
ifero
l; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
nm
ol/L
P—25
-Hy
drox
yerg
ocal
cife
rol;
subs
t.c. =
? n
mol
/L
Plas
ma
25-
Hydr
oxye
rgo-
calc
ifero
lsu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
nmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
47N
PU19
763
Plas
ma—
Ferr
itin;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
P—Fe
rriti
n;
mas
s c. =
? µ
g/L
Plas
ma
Ferr
itin
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
48N
PU19
653
Plas
ma—
Amyl
ase,
pan
crea
tic ty
pe;
cata
lytic
con
cent
ratio
n(IF
CC 2
006)
=
? U
/L
P—Am
ylas
e, p
ancr
eatic
ty
pe;
cat.c
.(IFC
C 20
06) =
? U
/L
Plas
ma
Amyl
ase,
pa
ncre
atic
type
cata
lytic
co
ncen
trati
onIF
CC 2
006
U/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
49N
PU02
508
Plas
ma—
Iron;
su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
µm
ol/L
P—Iro
n;
subs
t.c. =
? µ
mol
/LPl
asm
aIro
nsu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
µmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
50N
PU03
096
Plas
ma—
Phos
phat
e(P;
inor
gani
c);
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Phos
phat
e(P;
inor
gani
c);
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aPh
osph
ate
(P;
inor
gani
c)su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
51N
PU03
688
Plas
ma—
Ura
te; s
ubst
ance
co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Ura
te;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aU
rate
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
52N
PU04
133
Plas
ma—
Iron
bind
ing
capa
city
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
µm
ol/L
P—Iro
n bi
ndin
g ca
paci
ty;
subs
t.c. =
? µ
mol
/LPl
asm
aIro
n bi
ndin
g ca
paci
tysu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
µmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
53N
PU19
652
Plas
ma—
Amyl
ase;
cat
alyti
c co
ncen
trati
on(IF
CC 2
006)
= ?
U/L
P—Am
ylas
e;
cat.c
.(IFC
C 20
06) =
? U
/LPl
asm
aAm
ylas
eca
taly
tic
conc
entr
ation
IFCC
200
6U
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
54Fr
ee T
4N
PU03
579
Plas
ma—
Thyr
oxin
e(fr
ee);
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? p
mol
/LP—
Thyr
oxin
e(fr
ee);
subs
t.c. =
? p
mol
/LPl
asm
aTh
yrox
ine
free
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onpm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
55LD
HN
PU22
289
Plas
ma—
L-La
ctat
e de
hydr
ogen
ase;
ca
taly
tic c
once
ntra
tion(
IFCC
200
2) =
?
µkat
/L
P—L-
Lact
ate
dehy
drog
e-na
se; c
at.c
.(IFC
C 20
02) =
?
µkat
/L
Plas
ma
L-La
ctat
e
dehy
drog
enas
eca
taly
tic
conc
entr
ation
IFCC
200
2µk
at/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
56U
rinar
y al
bum
in
excr
etion
ad
just
ed
for
crea
tinin
e
NPU
1966
1U
rine—
Albu
min
/Cre
atini
nium
; m
ass r
atio
= ?
× 10
-3 IU
/LU
—Al
bum
in/C
reati
nini
um;
mas
s rati
o =
? ×
10<s
up>-
3</s
up>
Urin
eAl
bum
in/
Crea
tinin
ium
mas
s rati
o×
10-3
IU/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
57N
PU19
986
Plas
ma—
Amyl
ase,
pan
crea
tic ty
pe;
cata
lytic
con
cent
ratio
n(IF
CC 2
006)
=
? µk
at/L
P—Am
ylas
e, p
ancr
eatic
ty
pe; c
at.c
.(IFC
C 20
06) =
?
µkat
/L
Plas
ma
Amyl
ase,
pa
ncre
atic
type
cata
lytic
co
ncen
trati
onIF
CC 2
006
µkat
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
58M
CHN
PU02
320
Eryt
hroc
ytes
(Blo
od)—
Haem
oglo
bin(
Fe);
entiti
c am
ount
-of-s
ubst
ance
= ?
fmol
Ercs
(B)—
Haem
oglo
bin(
Fe);
entiti
c am
.s. =
? fm
olEr
ythr
o-cy
tes
Bloo
dHa
emog
lobi
nFe
entiti
c am
ount
-of-
subs
tanc
e
fmol
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
59N
PU08
694
Bloo
d—Re
ticul
ocyt
es;
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
9/L
B—Re
ticul
ocyt
es; n
um.c
. =
? ×
10<s
up>9
</su
p>/L
Bloo
dRe
ticul
ocyt
esnu
mbe
r co
ncen
trati
on×
109/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
60Ad
just
ed
Calc
ium
NPU
0416
9Pl
asm
a—Ca
lciu
m(II
); su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(adj
uste
d;
proc
edur
e) =
? m
mol
/L
P—Ca
lciu
m(II
); su
bst.c
.(adj
.; pr
oc.)
= ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Calc
ium
IIsu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
adju
sted
; pr
oced
ure
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
61N
PU02
070
Plas
ma—
Fola
te;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? n
mol
/LP—
Fola
te;
subs
t.c. =
? n
mol
/LPl
asm
aFo
late
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onnm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
62N
PU04
073
Plas
ma—
Hom
ocys
tein
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? µ
mol
/LP—
Hom
ocys
tein
e;
subs
t.c. =
? µ
mol
/LPl
asm
aHo
moc
yste
ine
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onµm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
63N
PU22
089
Plas
ma(
cord
Blo
od)—
Gluc
ose;
su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
P(cB
)—Gl
ucos
e;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aco
rd
Bloo
dGl
ucos
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
64N
PU02
647
Plas
ma—
Mag
nesiu
m(II
); su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
P—M
agne
sium
(II);
su
bst.c
. = ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Mag
nesiu
mII
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
65Pr
o-BN
PN
PU21
571
Plas
ma—
Pro-
brai
n na
triu
retic
pe
ptide
(1-7
6);
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? ng
/L
P—Pr
o-br
ain
natr
iure
tic
pepti
de(1
-76)
; mas
s c. =
?
ng/L
Plas
ma
Pro-
brai
n na
triu
retic
pe
ptide
(1-7
6)
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onng
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
66pC
O2
NPU
0147
0Pl
asm
a(Ar
teria
l blo
od)—
Carb
on d
ioxid
e;
tens
ion(
37 °C
) = ?
kPa
P(aB
)—Ca
rbon
dio
xide
; te
nsio
n(37
°C) =
? k
PaPl
asm
aAr
teria
l bl
ood
Carb
on
diox
ide
tens
ion
37 °C
kPa
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
67N
PU09
105
Plas
ma—
Calc
ifedi
ol+e
rgoc
alci
fero
l; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
nm
ol/L
P— Calc
ifedi
ol+e
rgoc
alci
fero
l; su
bst.c
. = ?
nm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Calc
ifedi
ol+e
rgoc
alci
f-er
ol
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onnm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
68pO
2N
PU08
977
Plas
ma(
Arte
rial b
lood
)—O
xyge
n(O
<sub
>2</
sub>
); te
nsio
n (3
7 °C
) = ?
kPa
P(aB
)—O
xyge
n(O
<sub
>2</
sub>
); te
nsio
n(37
°C) =
? k
Pa
Plas
ma
Arte
rial
bloo
dO
xyge
nO
<sub
>2</
sub>
tens
ion
37 °C
kPa
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
69CK
NPU
1965
6Pl
asm
a—Cr
eatin
e ki
nase
; cat
alyti
c co
ncen
trati
on(IF
CC 2
002)
= ?
U/L
P—Cr
eatin
e ki
nase
; ca
t.c.(I
FCC
2002
) = ?
U/L
Plas
ma
Crea
tine
kina
seca
taly
tic
conc
entr
ation
IFCC
200
2U
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
70N
PU09
102
Urin
e—Cr
eatin
iniu
m;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LU
—Cr
eatin
iniu
m;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LU
rine
Crea
tinin
ium
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
71N
PU28
172
Bloo
d—N
eutr
ophi
locy
tes(
segm
ente
d+ba
nd);
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
9/L
B—N
eutr
ophi
locy
tes(
segm
ente
d+ba
nd);
num
.c. =
? × 10
<sup
>9</
sup>
/L
Bloo
dN
eutr
ophi
lo-
cyte
sse
g-m
ente
d +
band
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
72N
PU03
943
Plas
ma(
Arte
rial b
lood
)—La
ctat
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP(
aB)—
Lact
ate;
su
bst.c
. = ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Arte
rial
bloo
dLa
ctat
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
73N
PU19
677
Urin
e—Al
bum
in; m
ass
conc
entr
ation
(pro
cedu
re) =
? m
g/L
U—
Albu
min
; m
ass c
.(pro
c.) =
? m
g/L
Urin
eAl
bum
inm
ass
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
em
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
74N
PU28
842
Urin
e—Al
bum
in/C
reati
nini
um;
mas
s coe
ffici
ent(
mas
s/am
ount
-of-
subs
tanc
e;pr
oced
ure)
= ?
g/m
ol
U—
Albu
min
/Cre
atini
nium
; m
ass c
oeffi
cien
t(m
ass/
am.s
.; pr
oc.)
= ?
g/m
ol
Urin
eAl
bum
in/
Crea
tinin
ium
mas
s co
effici
ent
mas
s/am
ount
-of
-sub
stan
ce;
proc
edur
esp
roce
dure
-su
bsta
nce;
proc
edur
esu
bsta
nce;
esub
stan
ce;
proc
edur
e
g/m
olCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
75VL
DLN
PU01
569
Plas
ma—
Chol
este
rol+
este
r, in
VLD
L;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Chol
este
rol+
este
r, in
VL
DL; s
ubst
.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aCh
oles
tero
l+e
ster
, in
VLD
L
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
76N
PU04
191
Tran
sfer
rin(F
e-bi
ndin
g sit
es;P
lasm
a)—
Iron;
subs
tanc
e fr
actio
n =
? Tr
ansf
errin
(Fe-
bind
ing
sites
; P)
—Iro
n; su
bst.f
r. =
?Tr
ansf
er-
rinFe
-bi
ndin
g sit
es;
Plas
ma
Iron
subs
tanc
e fr
actio
nCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
77CO
2N
PU01
472
Plas
ma(
Veno
us b
lood
)—Ca
rbon
dio
xide;
su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
P(vB
)—Ca
rbon
dio
xide
; su
bst.c
. = ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Veno
us
bloo
dCa
rbon
di
oxid
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
78U
rine
pHN
PU02
415
Urin
e—Hy
drog
en io
n;
pH(p
roce
dure
) = ?
U
—Hy
drog
en io
n;
pH(p
roc.
) = ?
Urin
eHy
drog
en io
npH
proc
edur
eCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Loga
-rit
h-m
ic
79Fa
sting
tr
igly
cerid
esN
PU03
620
Plas
ma(
fasti
ng P
atien
t)—
Trig
lyce
ride;
su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
P(fP
t)—
Trig
lyce
ride;
su
bst.c
. = ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
fasti
ng
Patie
ntTr
igly
cerid
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
80Ba
se
exce
ssN
PU03
815
Extr
acel
lula
r flui
d—Ba
se e
xces
s;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(a
ctua
l-nor
m)
= ?
mm
ol/L
Ecf—
Base
exc
ess;
su
bst.c
.(act
ual-n
orm
) = ?
m
mol
/L
Extr
acel
-lu
lar
fluid
Base
exc
ess
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onac
tual
-nor
mm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Dif-
fere
n-tia
l
81Hb
A1c
NPU
0383
5Ha
emog
lobi
n(Fe
;Blo
od)—
Haem
oglo
-bi
n A1
c(Fe
); su
bsta
nce
frac
tion
= ?
Hb(F
e; B
)—Ha
emog
lobi
n A1
c(Fe
); su
bst.f
r. =
?Ha
emo-
glob
inFe
; Bl
ood
Haem
oglo
bin
A1c
Fesu
bsta
nce
frac
tion
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
82Fr
ee T
3N
PU03
625
Plas
ma—
Triio
doth
yron
ine(
free
); su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
pm
ol/L
P—Tr
iiodo
thyr
onin
e(fr
ee);
subs
t.c. =
? p
mol
/LPl
asm
aTr
iiodo
thyr
o-ni
nefr
eesu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
pmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
83T3
NPU
0362
4Pl
asm
a—Tr
iiodo
thyr
onin
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? n
mol
/LP—
Triio
doth
yron
ine;
su
bst.c
. = ?
nm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Triio
doth
yro-
nine
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onnm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
84T4
NPU
0357
8Pl
asm
a—Th
yrox
ine;
su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
nm
ol/L
P—Th
yrox
ine;
su
bst.c
. = ?
nm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Thyr
oxin
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
nmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
85TP
O a
nti-
bodi
esN
PU20
041
Plas
ma—
Thyr
oid
pero
xida
se a
ntibo
dy;
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(IRP
66/3
87; p
roce
dure
) = ?
× 1
0³ IU
/L
P—Th
yroi
d pe
roxi
dase
an
tibod
y;
arb.
subs
t.c.(I
RP 6
6/38
7;
proc
.) =
? ×
10³ I
U/L
Plas
ma
Thyr
oid
pero
xida
se
antib
ody
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
IRP
66/3
87;
proc
edur
e×
10³ I
U/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
86Hb
in
Faec
esN
PU29
057
Faec
es—
Haem
oglo
bin;
ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
(pro
cedu
re) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
F—Ha
emog
lobi
n;
arb.
subs
t.c.(p
roc.
) = ?
(p
.d.u
.)
Faec
esHa
emog
lobi
nar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
87PS
AN
PU08
669
Plas
ma—
Pros
tata
spec
ific
antig
en;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LP—
Pros
tata
spec
ific
antig
en; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LPl
asm
aPr
osta
ta
spec
ific a
ntige
nm
ass c
once
n-tr
ation
µg/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
88ac
tivat
ed
parti
al
thro
m-
bopl
astin
tim
e (A
PTT)
NPU
0168
2Pl
asm
a—Co
agul
ation
, su
rfac
e-in
duce
d;
time(
proc
edur
e) =
? s
P—Co
agul
ation
, sur
face
-in
duce
d; ti
me(
proc
.) =
? s
Plas
ma
Coag
ulati
on,
surf
ace-
indu
ced
time
proc
edur
es
Trom
bosis
and
Ha
emos
tasis
Ratio
89RD
W-C
VN
PU18
162
Eryt
hroc
ytes
(Blo
od)—
Eryt
hroc
yte
volu
mes
; rel
ative
dist
ributi
on
wid
th(p
roce
dure
) = ?
Ercs
(B)—
Eryt
hroc
yte v
olum
es;
rela
tive
dist
ributi
on
wid
th(p
roc.
) = ?
Eryt
hro-
cyte
sBl
ood
Eryt
hroc
yte
volu
mes
rela
tive
dist
ributi
on
wid
th
proc
edur
eCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
90N
PU14
267
Bloo
d—La
rge
unst
aine
d ce
lls;
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
9/L
B—La
rge
unst
aine
d ce
lls;
num
.c. =
? ×
10<
sup>
9</
sup>
/L
Bloo
dLa
rge
unst
aine
d ce
lls
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
91PT
HN
PU03
028
Plas
ma—
Para
thyr
in;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? p
mol
/LP—
Para
thyr
in;
subs
t.c. =
? p
mol
/LPl
asm
aPa
rath
yrin
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onpm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
92AS
ATN
PU19
654
Plas
ma—
Aspa
rtat
e tr
ansa
min
ase;
ca
taly
tic c
once
ntra
tion(
IFCC
200
2) =
?
U/L
P—As
part
ate
tran
sam
inas
e;
cat.c
.(IFC
C 20
02) =
? U
/L
Plas
ma
Aspa
rtat
e tr
ansa
min
ase
cata
lytic
co
ncen
trati
onIF
CC 2
002
U/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
93Ig
EN
PU56
406
Plas
ma—
Imm
unog
lobu
lin E
; ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(IS
11
/234
;pro
cedu
re) =
? ×
10³
IU/L
P—Im
mun
oglo
bulin
E;
arb.
subs
t.c.(I
S 11
/234
; pr
oc.)
= ?
× 10
³ IU
/L
Plas
ma
Imm
unog
lob-
ulin
Ear
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
IS 1
1/23
4;
proc
edur
e×
10³ I
U/L
Clin
ical
Al
lerg
olog
yRa
tio
94N
PU26
470
Plas
ma—
Tran
sfer
rin;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? g/
LP—
Tran
sfer
rin; m
ass c
. =
? g/
LPl
asm
aTr
ansf
errin
mas
s co
ncen
trati
ong/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
95N
PU21
533
Plas
ma(
Arte
rial b
lood
)—Gl
ucos
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP(
aB)—
Gluc
ose;
subs
t.c. =
?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Arte
rial
bloo
dGl
ucos
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
96N
PU18
410
Plas
ma—
Chol
este
rol+
este
r/Ch
oles
tero
l+es
ter,
in H
DL;
subs
tanc
e ra
tio =
?
P—Ch
oles
tero
l+es
ter/
Chol
este
rol+
este
r, in
HDL
; su
bst.r
atio
= ?
Plas
ma
Chol
este
rol +
es
ter /
Chol
este
rol +
es
ter,
in H
DL
subs
tanc
e ra
tioCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
97Ig
GN
PU19
814
Plas
ma—
Imm
unog
lobu
lin G
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
g/L
P—Im
mun
oglo
bulin
G;
mas
s c. =
? g
/LPl
asm
aIm
mun
oglo
b-ul
in G
mas
s co
ncen
trati
ong/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
98N
PU10
762
Bloo
d—At
ypic
al c
ells;
nu
mbe
r con
cent
ratio
n =
? ×
109/
LB—
Atyp
ical
cel
ls; n
um.c
. =
? ×
10<s
up>9
</su
p>/L
Bloo
dAt
ypic
al c
ells
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
99Ig
AN
PU19
795
Plas
ma—
Imm
unog
lobu
lin A
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
g/L
P—Im
mun
oglo
bulin
A;
mas
s c. =
? g
/LPl
asm
aIm
mun
oglo
b-ul
in A
mas
s co
ncen
trati
ong/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
100
NPU
0360
7Pl
asm
a—Tr
ansf
errin
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
µm
ol/L
P—Tr
ansf
errin
; su
bst.c
. = ?
µm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Tran
sfer
rinsu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
µmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
101
TSH
NPU
2754
7Pl
asm
a—Th
yrot
ropi
n; a
rbitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(IR
P 81
/565
;pro
cedu
re) =
? ×
10-
3 IU
/L
P—Th
yrot
ropi
n;
arb.
subs
t.c.(I
RP 8
1/56
5;
proc
.) =
? ×
10<s
up>-
3</
sup>
IU/L
Plas
ma
Thyr
otro
pin
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
IRP
81/5
65;
proc
edur
e×
10-3
IU/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
102
IgM
NPU
1982
5Pl
asm
a—Im
mun
oglo
bulin
M;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? g/
LP—
Imm
unog
lobu
lin M
; m
ass c
. = ?
g/L
Plas
ma
Imm
unog
lob-
ulin
Mm
ass
conc
entr
ation
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
103
HCO
3N
PU02
410
Plas
ma—
Hydr
ogen
car
bona
te;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
(pCO
<sub
>2</
sub>
= 5
.3 k
Pa; 3
7 °C
) =
? m
mol
/L
P—Hy
drog
en c
arbo
nate
; su
bst.c
.(pCO
<sub
>2</
sub>
= 5
.3 k
Pa; 3
7 °C
) = ?
m
mol
/L
Plas
ma
Hydr
ogen
ca
rbon
ate
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onpC
O<s
ub>2
</su
b> =
5.3
kPa
; 37
°C
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
104
NPU
0136
8Pl
asm
a—Bi
lirub
in g
lucu
roni
de;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? µ
mol
/LP—
Bilir
ubin
glu
curo
nide
; su
bst.c
. = ?
µm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Bilir
ubin
gl
ucur
onid
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
µmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
105
NPU
0935
6Pl
asm
a—U
rate
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
µm
ol/L
P—U
rate
; sub
st.c
. = ?
µm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Ura
tesu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
µmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
106
25-H
y-dr
oxy-
Vi
tam
in D
3
NPU
0143
5Pl
asm
a—Ca
lcife
diol
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
nm
ol/L
P—Ca
lcife
diol
; su
bst.c
. = ?
nm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Calc
ifedi
olsu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
nmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
107
O2
NPU
1016
7Pa
tient
—O
xyge
n(ad
min
ister
ed);
volu
me
rate
= ?
L/m
inPt
—O
xyge
n(ad
min
ister
ed);
vol.r
ate
= ?
L/m
inPa
tient
Oxy
gen
adm
inis-
tere
dvo
lum
e ra
teL/
min
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
108
Base
ex
cess
NPU
1251
8Pl
asm
a(Ar
teria
l blo
od)—
Base
exc
ess;
su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(act
ual-n
orm
) =
? m
mol
/L
P(aB
)—Ba
se e
xces
s;
subs
t.c.(a
ctua
l-nor
m) =
?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Arte
rial
bloo
dBa
se e
xces
ssu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
actu
al-n
orm
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryDi
f-fe
ren-
tial
109
A1AT
NPU
1969
2Pl
asm
a—al
pha
1-An
titry
psin
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
g/L
P—al
pha
1-An
titry
psin
; m
ass c
. = ?
g/L
Plas
ma
alph
a 1-
Antit
ryps
inm
ass
conc
entr
ation
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
110
D-Di
mer
NPU
2828
9Pl
asm
a—Fi
brin
D-d
imer
; ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(p
roce
dure
) = ?
(p.d
.u.)
P—Fi
brin
D-d
imer
; ar
b.su
bst.c
.(pro
c.) =
? (p
.d.u
.)Pl
asm
aFi
brin
D-d
imer
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Tr
ombo
sis a
nd
Haem
osta
sisRa
tio
111
NPU
0153
6Pl
asm
a—Ch
lorid
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Chlo
ride;
su
bst.c
. = ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Chlo
ride
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
112
TfR
NPU
2833
6Pl
asm
a—Tr
ansf
errin
rece
ptor
fr
agm
ent;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? m
g/L
P—Tr
ansf
errin
rece
ptor
fr
agm
ent;
m
ass c
. = ?
mg/
L
Plas
ma
Tran
sfer
-rin
rece
ptor
fr
agm
ent
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onm
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
113
ESR
NPU
0340
4Bl
ood—
Sedi
men
tatio
n re
actio
n;
leng
th(p
roce
dure
) = ?
mm
B—Se
dim
enta
tion
reac
tion;
le
ngth
(pro
c.) =
? m
mBl
ood
Sedi
men
tatio
n re
actio
nle
ngth
proc
edur
em
mCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
114
NPU
0194
3Bl
ood—
Eryt
hrob
last
s;
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
9/L
B—Er
ythr
obla
sts;
num
.c. =
?
× 10
<sup
>9</
sup>
/LBl
ood
Eryt
hrob
last
snu
mbe
r co
ncen
trati
on×
109/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
115
NPU
2329
6U
rine—
Bupr
enor
phin
e;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—Bu
pren
orph
ine;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Bupr
enor
-ph
ine
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
116
TNI
NPU
2759
1Pl
asm
a—Tr
opon
in I,
car
diac
mus
cle;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
ng/L
P—Tr
opon
in I,
car
diac
m
uscl
e; m
ass c
. = ?
ng/
LPl
asm
aTr
opon
in I,
ca
rdia
c m
uscl
e
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onng
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
117
NPU
0180
8U
rine—
Crea
tinin
ium
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
µm
ol/L
U—
Crea
tinin
ium
; su
bst.c
. = ?
µm
ol/L
Urin
eCr
eatin
iniu
msu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
µmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
118
Anio
n ga
pN
PU20
189
Plas
ma—
Anio
n ga
p(ex
cl. K
+);
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Anio
n ga
p(ex
cl. K
+);
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aAn
ion
gap(
excl
. K+)
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Dif-
fere
n-tia
l
119
6-M
AMN
PU24
861
Urin
e—6-
O-M
onoa
cety
lmor
phin
e;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU—
6-O
-M
onoa
cety
lmor
phin
e;
mas
s c. =
? µ
g/L
Urin
e6-
O-
Mon
oace
tyl-
mor
phin
em
ass
conc
entr
ation
µg/L
Clin
ical
Ph
arm
acol
ogy
Ratio
120
NPU
0397
6Bl
ood—
Mye
locy
tes;
nu
mbe
r con
cent
ratio
n =
? ×
109/
LB—
Mye
locy
tes;
num
.c. =
?
× 10
<sup
>9</
sup>
/LBl
ood
Mye
locy
tes
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
121
CK-M
BN
PU19
750
Plas
ma—
Crea
tine
kina
se M
B;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LP—
Crea
tine
kina
se M
B;
mas
s c. =
? µ
g/L
Plas
ma
Crea
tine
kina
se M
Bm
ass
conc
entr
ation
µg/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
122
NPU
5768
8Pl
asm
a—Fo
od a
llerg
en a
ntibo
dy(Ig
E);
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
((f1;
f2
; f3;
f4; f
13; f
14);p
roce
dure
) = ?
(p.d
.u.)
P—Fo
od a
llerg
en
antib
ody(
IgE)
; arb
.su
bst.c
.((f1
; f2;
f3; f
4; f1
3;
f14)
; pro
c.) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
Plas
ma
Food
alle
rgen
an
tibod
yIg
Ear
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
(f1; f
2; f3
; f4
; f13
; f14
); pr
oced
ure
(p.d
.u.)
Clin
ical
Al
lerg
olog
yRa
tio
123
THC-
COO
HN
PU28
551
Urin
e—11
-Nor
-del
ta(9
)-tet
rahy
dro-
cann
abin
ol-9
-car
boxy
lic a
cid;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
11-N
or-d
elta
(9)-
tetr
ahyd
roca
nnab
inol
-9-
carb
oxyl
ic a
cid;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
L
Urin
e11
-N
or-d
elta
(9)-
tetr
ahyd
ro-
cann
abin
ol-
9-ca
rbox
ylic
ac
id
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
124
NPU
0397
8Bl
ood—
Met
amye
locy
tes;
nu
mbe
r con
cent
ratio
n =
? ×
109/
LB—
Met
amye
locy
tes;
nu
m.c
. = ?
× 1
0<su
p>9<
/su
p>/L
Bloo
dM
etam
yelo
-cy
tes
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
125
NPU
1978
8Pl
asm
a—Ha
ptog
lobi
n;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? g/
LP—
Hapt
oglo
bin;
m
ass c
. = ?
g/L
Plas
ma
Hapt
oglo
bin
mas
s co
ncen
trati
ong/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
126
NPU
2311
1U
rine—
Amfe
tam
ine;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
Amfe
tam
ine;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Amfe
tam
ine
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
127
TNT
NPU
2750
1Pl
asm
a—Tr
opon
in T,
car
diac
mus
cle;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
ng/L
P—Tr
opon
in T,
ca
rdia
c m
uscl
e;
mas
s c. =
? n
g/L
Plas
ma
Trop
onin
T,
card
iac
mus
cle
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onng
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
128
NPU
2806
2U
rine—
Oxa
zepa
m; m
ass c
once
ntra
-tio
n =
? µg
/LU
—O
xaze
pam
; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Oxa
zepa
mm
ass
conc
entr
ation
µg/L
Clin
ical
Ph
arm
acol
ogy
Ratio
129
Free
PSA
NPU
1253
4Pl
asm
a—Pr
osta
ta sp
ecifi
c an
tigen
(free
); m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
P—Pr
osta
ta sp
ecifi
c an
tigen
(free
);
mas
s c. =
? µ
g/L
Plas
ma
Pros
tata
sp
ecifi
c an
tigen
free
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
130
NPU
2806
1U
rine—
Nor
daze
pam
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
Nor
daze
pam
; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Nor
daze
pam
mas
s con
cen-
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
131
NPU
0397
2Bl
ood—
Blas
t cel
ls(un
spec
ified
); nu
mbe
r con
cent
ratio
n(pr
oced
ure)
=
? ×
109/
L
B—Bl
ast c
ells(
unsp
ecifi
ed);
num
.c.(p
roc.
) = ?
×
10<s
up>9
</su
p>/L
Bloo
dBl
ast c
ells
unsp
ecifi
ednu
mbe
r co
ncen
trati
onpr
oced
ure
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
132
NPU
2805
6U
rine—
7-Am
inoc
lona
zepa
m;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—7-
Amin
oclo
naze
pam
; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
7-Am
inoc
lona
z-ep
amm
ass
conc
entr
ation
µg/L
Clin
ical
Ph
arm
acol
ogy
Ratio
133
NPU
0397
4Bl
ood—
Prom
yelo
cyte
s;
num
ber c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
× 10
9/L
B—Pr
omye
locy
tes;
nu
m.c.
= ? ×
10<
sup>
9</s
up>/
LBl
ood
Prom
yelo
-cy
tes
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
134
NPU
0376
8Pl
asm
a—Zi
nc;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? µ
mol
/LP—
Zinc
; sub
st.c
. = ?
µm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Zinc
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onµm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
135
NPU
2805
4U
rine—
alph
a-Hy
drox
yalp
razo
lam
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—al
pha-
Hydr
oxya
lpra
zola
m;
mas
s c. =
? µ
g/L
Urin
eal
pha-
Hydr
oxya
lpra
-zo
lam
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
136
hCG+
beta
ch
ain
NPU
1957
9Pl
asm
a—Ch
orio
gona
dotr
opin
+bet
a-ch
ain;
arb
itrar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(IS 7
5/58
9;pr
oced
ure)
=
? IU
/L
P— Chor
iogo
nado
trop
in+b
eta-
chai
n; a
rb.s
ubst
.c.(I
S 75
/589
; pro
c.) =
? IU
/L
Plas
ma
Chor
iogo
-na
dotr
opin
+b
eta-
chai
n
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
IS 7
5/58
9;
proc
edur
eIU
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
137
NPU
2805
7U
rine—
7-Am
inon
itraz
epam
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
7-Am
inon
itraz
epam
; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
7-Am
inon
itraz
-ep
amm
ass
conc
entr
ation
µg/L
Clin
ical
Ph
arm
acol
ogy
Ratio
138
NPU
1967
6U
rine—
Albu
min
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion(
proc
edur
e) =
? g
/LU
—Al
bum
in; m
ass c
.(pro
c.)
= ?
g/L
Urin
eAl
bum
inm
ass
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
eg/
LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
139
NPU
2477
6U
rine—
Met
amfe
tam
ine;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
Met
amfe
tam
ine;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Met
amfe
t-am
ine
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
140
NPU
0327
8Pl
asm
a—Pr
otei
n;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? g/
LP—
Prot
ein;
mas
s c. =
? g
/LPl
asm
aPr
otei
nm
ass
conc
entr
ation
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
141
NPU
2805
5U
rine—
7-Am
inofl
unitr
azep
am;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—7-
Amin
oflun
itraz
epam
; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
7-Am
inofl
uni-
traz
epam
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
142
Anio
n ga
pN
PU18
415
Plas
ma—
Anio
n ga
p(in
cl. K
+);
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/LP—
Anio
n ga
p(in
cl. K
+);
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aAn
ion
gap(
incl
. K+)
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Dif-
fere
n-tia
l
143
NPU
5455
0U
rine—
Ephe
drin
e;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—Ep
hedr
ine;
mas
s c. =
?
µg/L
Urin
eEp
hedr
ine
mas
s con
cen-
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
144
NPU
0335
6Er
ythr
ocyt
es(B
lood
)—Re
ticul
ocyt
es;
num
ber f
racti
on =
? ×
10-
3 IU
/LEr
cs(B
)—Re
ticul
ocyt
es;
num
.fr. =
? ×
10<
sup>
-3</
sup>
Eryt
hro-
cyte
sBl
ood
Retic
uloc
ytes
num
ber
frac
tion
× 10
-3 IU
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
145
NPU
5458
7U
rine—
4-M
etho
xyam
phet
amin
e;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—4-
Met
hoxy
amph
et-
amin
e; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
4-M
etho
xyam
-ph
etam
ine
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
146
FSH
NPU
0401
4Pl
asm
a—Fo
llitr
opin
; arb
itrar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(IRP
78/5
49;
proc
edur
e) =
? IU
/L
P—Fo
llitr
opin
; ar
b.su
bst.c
.(IRP
78/
549;
pr
oc.)
= ?
IU/L
Plas
ma
Folli
trop
inar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
IRP
78/5
49;
proc
edur
eIU
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
147
NPU
5474
9U
rine—
4-M
etho
xym
etha
mph
etam
ine;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
4-M
etho
xym
etha
m-
phet
amin
e;
mas
s c. =
? µ
g/L
Urin
e4-
Met
hoxy
-m
etha
mph
et-
amin
e
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
148
HCO
3N
PU14
266
Plas
ma(
Veno
us b
lood
)—Hy
drog
en
carb
onat
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(a
ctua
l;37
°C)
= ?
mm
ol/L
P(vB
)—Hy
drog
en
carb
onat
e;
subs
t.c.(a
ctua
l; 37
°C) =
? m
mol
/L
Plas
ma
Veno
us
bloo
dHy
drog
en
carb
onat
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
actu
al;
37 °C
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
149
NPU
2831
1U
rine—
Benz
oyle
cgon
ine;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
Benz
oyle
cgon
ine;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Benz
oyle
cgo-
nine
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
150
NPU
2831
5Er
ythr
ocyt
es(B
lood
)—Ha
emog
lobi
n;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? g/
LEr
cs(B
)—Ha
emog
lobi
n;
mas
s c. =
? g
/LEr
ythr
o-cy
tes
Bloo
dHa
emog
lobi
nm
ass
conc
entr
ation
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
151
CCP
NPU
1994
7Pl
asm
a—Cy
clic
citr
ullin
ated
pep
tide
antib
ody(
IgG)
; arb
itrar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(pro
cedu
re) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
P—Cy
clic
citr
ullin
ated
pe
ptide
anti
body
(IgG)
; arb
.su
bst.c
.(pro
c.) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
Plas
ma
Cycl
ic c
itrul
li-na
ted
pepti
de
antib
ody
IgG
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
152
NPU
2481
9U
rine—
3,4-
Met
hyle
nedi
oxya
mfe
tam
ine;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
3,4-
Met
hyle
nedi
oxy-
amfe
tam
ine;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
L
Urin
e3,
4-M
ethy
lene
-di
oxya
mfe
t-am
ine
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
153
NPU
0470
8Bl
ood—
Plas
moc
ytes
; nu
mbe
r con
cent
ratio
n =
? ×
109/
LB—
Plas
moc
ytes
; num
.c. =
?
× 10
<sup
>9</
sup>
/LBl
ood
Plas
moc
ytes
num
ber
conc
entr
ation
× 10
9/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
154
NPU
2482
1U
rine—
3,4-
Met
hyle
nedi
oxym
etam
feta
min
e;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/L
U—
3,4-
Met
hyle
ne-
diox
ymet
amfe
tam
ine;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
L
Urin
e3,
4-M
ethy
lene
-di
oxym
etam
-fe
tam
ine
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
155
LHN
PU02
618
Plas
ma—
Lutr
opin
; ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(IS
80
/552
; pro
cedu
re) =
? IU
/L
P—Lu
trop
in; a
rb.s
ubst
.c.(I
S 80
/552
; pro
c.) =
? IU
/LPl
asm
aLu
trop
inar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
IS 8
0/55
2;
proc
edur
eIU
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
156
NPU
1976
8Pl
asm
a—Fi
brin
ogen
; mas
s con
cent
rati
on(c
oagu
latio
n;pr
oced
ure)
= ?
g/L
P—Fi
brin
ogen
; m
ass c
.(coa
g.; p
roc.
) = ?
g/L
Plas
ma
Fibr
inog
enm
ass
conc
entr
ation
coag
ulati
on;
proc
edur
eg/
LTr
ombo
sis a
nd
Haem
osta
sisRa
tio
157
NPU
5429
1U
rine—
Rita
linic
aci
d;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—Ri
talin
ic a
cid;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Rita
linic
aci
dm
ass
conc
entr
ation
µg/L
Clin
ical
Ph
arm
acol
ogy
Ratio
158
C-pe
ptide
NPU
0414
9Pl
asm
a(fa
sting
Pati
ent)
—Pr
oins
ulin
C-
pepti
de;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? n
mol
/L
P(fP
t)—Pr
oins
ulin
C-p
eptid
e;
subs
t.c. =
? n
mol
/LPl
asm
afa
sting
Pa
tient
Proi
nsul
in
C-pe
ptide
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onnm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
159
Anti-
Tgas
eN
PU14
566
Plas
ma—
Tran
sglu
tam
inas
e an
tibod
y(Ig
A); a
rbitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(p
roce
dure
) = ?
(p.d
.u.)
P—Tr
ansg
luta
min
ase
antib
ody(
IgA)
; arb
.su
bst.c
.(pro
c.) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
Plas
ma
Tran
sglu
-ta
min
ase
antib
ody
IgA
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
160
NPU
2478
1U
rine—
Met
hado
ne;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—M
etha
done
; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Met
hado
nem
ass
conc
entr
ation
µg/L
Clin
ical
Ph
arm
acol
ogy
Ratio
161
Calc
ium
io
nN
PU01
446
Plas
ma—
Calc
ium
ion(
free
); su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
P—Ca
lciu
m io
n(fr
ee);
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aCa
lciu
m io
nfr
eesu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
162
NPU
2359
1U
rine—
Code
ine;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
Code
ine;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Code
ine
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
163
NPU
0395
8U
rine—
Prot
ein;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
g/L
U—
Prot
ein;
m
ass c
. = ?
g/L
Urin
ePr
otei
nm
ass
conc
entr
ation
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
164
NPU
2388
1U
rine—
Ethy
lmor
phin
e;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—Et
hylm
orph
ine;
m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Ethy
lmor
-ph
ine
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
165
NPU
0369
5Pa
tient
—U
rine;
vol
ume(
proc
edur
e)
= ?
mL
Pt—
Urin
e; v
ol.(p
roc.
) =
? m
LPa
tient
Urin
evo
lum
epr
oced
ure
mL
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
166
NPU
2800
0U
rine—
Oxy
codo
ne;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—O
xyco
done
; mas
s c. =
?
µg/L
Urin
eO
xyco
done
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
167
Ret-H
bN
PU17
007
Retic
uloc
ytes
(Blo
od)—
Haem
oglo
bin(
Fe);
entiti
c am
ount
-of-s
ubst
ance
= ?
fmol
Rtcs
(B)—
Haem
oglo
bin(
Fe);
entiti
c am
.s. =
? fm
olRe
ticul
o-cy
tes
Bloo
dHa
emog
lobi
nFe
entiti
c am
ount
-of-
subs
tanc
e
fmol
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
168
NPU
2738
8U
rine—
Tram
adol
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
Tram
adol
; mas
s c. =
?
µg/L
Urin
eTr
amad
olm
ass
conc
entr
ation
µg/L
Clin
ical
Ph
arm
acol
ogy
Ratio
169
HCO
3N
PU02
409
Plas
ma(
Arte
rial b
lood
)—Hy
drog
en
carb
onat
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(a
ctua
l; 37
°C)
= ?
mm
ol/L
P(aB
)—Hy
drog
en c
arbo
n-at
e; su
bst.c
.(act
ual;
37 °C
) = ?
mm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Arte
rial
bloo
dHy
drog
en
carb
onat
esu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
actu
al; 3
7 °C
mm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
170
NPU
5312
0U
rine—
Fent
anyl
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
Fent
anyl
; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Fent
anyl
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
171
Ca12
5N
PU01
448
Plas
ma—
Canc
er a
ntige
n 12
5;
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(pro
cedu
re) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
P—Ca
ncer
anti
gen
125;
ar
b.su
bst.c
.(pro
c.) =
?
(p.d
.u.)
Plas
ma
Canc
er
antig
en 1
25ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
172
CKN
PU22
281
Plas
ma—
Crea
tine
kina
se; c
atal
ytic
conc
entr
ation
(IFCC
200
2) =
? µ
kat/
LP—
Crea
tine
kina
se;
cat.c
.(IFC
C 20
02) =
? µ
kat/
LPl
asm
aCr
eatin
e ki
nase
cata
lytic
co
ncen
trati
onIF
CC 2
002
µkat
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
173
ESR
NPU
1758
9Bl
ood—
Sedi
men
tatio
n re
actio
n;
arbi
trar
y le
ngth
(pro
cedu
re) =
?
(p.d
.u.)
B—Se
dim
enta
tion
reac
tion;
arb
itrar
y le
ngth
(pro
c.) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
Bloo
dSe
dim
enta
tion
reac
tion
arbi
trar
y le
ngth
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
174
NPU
2840
2Pl
asm
a—Co
nnec
tive
tissu
e di
seas
e re
late
d an
tibod
y; a
rbitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(p
roce
dure
) = ?
(p.d
.u.)
P—Co
nnec
tive
tissu
e di
seas
e re
late
d an
tibod
y;
arb.
subs
t.c.(p
roc.
) = ?
(p
.d.u
.)
Plas
ma
Conn
ectiv
e tis
sue
dise
ase
rela
ted
antib
ody
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Imm
unol
ogy
Ratio
175
NPU
5309
7U
rine—
Zopi
clon
e;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LU
—Zo
picl
one;
mas
s c. =
?
µg/L
Urin
eZo
picl
one
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
176
NPU
1824
7Pl
asm
a—Pr
olac
tin; a
rbitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(IS
84/
500;
pr
oced
ure)
= ?
× 1
0-3
IU/L
P—Pr
olac
tin; a
rb.
subs
t.c.(I
S 84
/500
; pro
c.) =
?
× 10
<sup
>-3<
/sup
> IU
/L
Plas
ma
Prol
actin
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
IS 8
4/50
0;
proc
edur
e×
10-3
IU/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
177
NPU
2229
9Pl
asm
a—Ap
olip
opro
tein
B;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? g/
LP—
Apol
ipop
rote
in B
; m
ass c
. = ?
g/L
Plas
ma
Apol
ipop
ro-
tein
Bm
ass
conc
entr
ation
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
178
NPU
5309
3U
rine—
Zolp
idem
; m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
µg/L
U—
Zolp
idem
; m
ass c
. = ?
µg/
LU
rine
Zolp
idem
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Phar
mac
olog
yRa
tio
179
INR
NPU
0168
5Pl
asm
a—Co
agul
ation
, tiss
ue fa
ctor
-in
duce
d; re
lativ
e tim
e(ac
tual
/nor
m;
INR;
IRP
67/4
0;pr
oced
ure)
= ?
P—Co
agul
ation
, tiss
ue
fact
or-in
duce
d;
rel.ti
me(
actu
al/n
orm
; IN
R;
IRP
67/4
0; p
roc.
) = ?
Plas
ma
Coag
ulati
on,
tissu
e fa
ctor
-in
duce
d
rela
tive
time
actu
al/n
orm
; IN
R;IR
P 67
/40;
pr
oced
ure
Trom
bosis
and
Ha
emos
tasis
Ratio
180
NPU
0197
2Pl
asm
a—Es
trad
iol;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? n
mol
/LP—
Estr
adio
l; su
bst.c
. = ?
nm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Estr
adio
lsu
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
nmol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
181
NPU
0354
3Pl
asm
a—Te
stos
tero
ne;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? n
mol
/LP—
Test
oste
rone
; sub
st.c
. =
? nm
ol/L
Plas
ma
Test
oste
rone
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onnm
ol/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
182
NPU
1969
5Pl
asm
a—Ap
olip
opro
tein
A1;
m
ass c
once
ntra
tion
= ?
g/L
P—Ap
olip
opro
tein
A1;
m
ass c
. = ?
g/L
Plas
ma
Apol
ipop
rote
in
A1m
ass
conc
entr
ation
g/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
183
NPU
0416
6U
rine—
Acet
oace
tate
; su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
U—
Acet
oace
tate
; sub
st.c
. =
? m
mol
/LU
rine
Acet
oace
tate
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
184
pCO
2N
PU12
481
Plas
ma(
cord
Blo
od)—
Carb
on d
ioxi
de;
tens
ion(
37 °C
) = ?
kPa
P(cB
)—Ca
rbon
dio
xide
; te
nsio
n(37
°C) =
? k
PaPl
asm
aco
rd
Bloo
dCa
rbon
di
oxid
ete
nsio
n37
°CkP
aCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
185
NPU
0922
6Pr
osta
ta sp
ecifi
c an
tigen
(Pla
sma)
—Pr
osta
ta sp
ecifi
c an
tigen
(free
); m
ass f
racti
on =
?
Pros
tata
spec
ific
antig
en(P
)—Pr
osta
ta
spec
ific
antig
en(fr
ee);
mas
s fr.
= ?
Pros
tata
sp
ecifi
c an
tigen
Plas
ma
Pros
tata
sp
ecifi
c an
tigen
free
mas
s fra
ction
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
186
NPU
1304
1Pl
asm
a—Bi
rch
antib
ody(
IgE)
; ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(t
3;pr
oced
ure)
= ?
(p
.d.u
.)
P—Bi
rch
antib
ody(
IgE)
; ar
b.su
bst.c
.(t3;
pr
oc.)
= ?
(p.d
.u.)
Plas
ma
Birc
h an
tibod
yIg
Ear
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
t3; p
roce
dure
(p.d
.u.)
Clin
ical
Al
lerg
olog
yRa
tio
187
NPU
2731
5Pl
asm
a—In
hala
tion
antig
en
antib
ody(
IgE)
; arb
itrar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(IRP
75/5
02;(t
3; g
6;
w6;
e1;
e5;
d1;
e3;
m2;
d2;
t9; w
19);
proc
edur
e) =
? ×
10³
IU/L
P—In
hala
tion
antig
en
antib
ody(
IgE)
; ar
b.su
bst.c
.(IRP
75/
502;
(t
3; g
6; w
6; e
1; e
5; d
1; e
3;
m2;
d2;
t9; w
19);
proc
.) =
? ×
10³ I
U/L
Plas
ma
Inha
latio
n an
tigen
an
tibod
y
IgE
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
IRP
75/5
02;
(t3;
g6;
w6;
e1;
e5
; d1;
e3;
m2;
d2
; t9;
w19
); pr
oced
ure
× 10
³ IU
/LCl
inic
al
Alle
rgol
ogy
Ratio
188
NPU
0219
5Pl
asm
a(ve
nous
Blo
od;fa
sting
Pa-
tient
)—Gl
ucos
e;
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on =
? m
mol
/L
P(vB
; fPt
)—Gl
ucos
e;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
ave
nous
Bl
ood;
fasti
ng
Patie
nt
Gluc
ose
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
189
NPU
1309
8Pl
asm
a—Ti
mot
hy g
rass
anti
body
(IgE)
; ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(g
6;pr
oced
ure)
= ?
(p
.d.u
.)
P—Ti
mot
hy g
rass
an
tibod
y(Ig
E);
arb.
subs
t.c.(g
6;
proc
.) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
Plas
ma
Tim
othy
gra
ss
antib
ody
IgE
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
g6; p
roce
dure
(p.d
.u.)
Clin
ical
Al
lerg
olog
yRa
tio
190
NPU
1863
1U
rine—
Bact
eriu
m; a
rbitr
ary
num
ber(
proc
edur
e) =
? (p
.d.u
.)U
—Ba
cter
ium
; ar
b.nu
m.(p
roc.
) = ?
(p.d
.u.)
Urin
eBa
cter
ium
arbi
trar
y nu
mbe
rpr
oced
ure
(p.d
.u.)
Clin
ical
M
icro
biol
ogy
Ratio
191
NPU
2153
1Pl
asm
a(Ve
nous
blo
od)—
Gluc
ose;
su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
= ?
mm
ol/L
P(vB
)—Gl
ucos
e;
subs
t.c. =
? m
mol
/LPl
asm
aVe
nous
bl
ood
Gluc
ose
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
onm
mol
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
192
NPU
1313
5Pl
asm
a—M
ugw
ort a
ntibo
dy(Ig
E);
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(w6;
proc
edur
e) =
?
(p.d
.u.)
P—M
ugw
ort a
ntibo
dy(Ig
E);
arb.
subs
t.c.(w
6; p
roc.
) = ?
(p
.d.u
.)
Plas
ma
Mug
wor
t an
tibod
yIg
Ear
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
w6;
pro
cedu
re(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Alle
rgol
ogy
Ratio
193
NPU
5397
4Pl
asm
a—Am
ylas
e; c
atal
ytic
conc
entr
a-tio
n(37
°C; p
roce
dure
) = ?
U/L
P—Am
ylas
e; c
at.c
.(37
°C;
proc
.) =
? U
/LPl
asm
aAm
ylas
eca
taly
tic
conc
entr
ation
37 °C
; pr
oced
ure
U/L
Clin
ical
Bi
oche
mist
ryRa
tio
194
NPU
0414
6Pl
asm
a—Ch
oles
tero
l+es
ter,
in L
DL/
Chol
este
rol+
este
r, in
HDL
; su
bsta
nce
ratio
= ?
P—Ch
oles
tero
l+es
ter,
in L
DL/C
hole
ster
ol+e
ster
, in
HDL
; sub
st.ra
tio =
?
Plas
ma
Chol
este
rol
+est
er, i
n LD
L/Ch
oles
tero
l +e
ster
, in
HDL
subs
tanc
e ra
tioCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
195
TPO
NPU
1222
9Pl
asm
a—Th
yroi
d pe
roxi
dase
an
tibod
y; a
rbitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(p
roce
dure
) = ?
(p.d
.u.)
P—Th
yroi
d pe
roxi
dase
an
tibod
y;
arb.
subs
t.c.(p
roc.)
= ?
(p.d
.u.)
Plas
ma
Thyr
oid
pero
xida
se
antib
ody
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
196
52 k
Da R
o pr
otei
n an
tibod
y
NPU
1824
2Pl
asm
a—E3
ubi
quiti
n-pr
otei
n lig
ase
TRIM
21 a
ntibo
dy(Ig
G);
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(p
roce
dure
) = ?
(p.d
.u.)
P—E3
ubi
quiti
n-pr
otei
n lig
ase
TRIM
21
antib
ody(
IgG)
; ar
b.su
bst.c
.(pro
c.) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
Plas
ma
E3 u
biqu
itin-
prot
ein
ligas
e TR
IM21
an
tibod
y
IgG
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Imm
unol
ogy
Ratio
197
hCG
beta
ch
ain
NPU
0158
0Pl
asm
a—Ch
orio
gona
dotr
opin
be
ta-c
hain
; arb
itrar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
(IRP
75/5
51;
proc
edur
e) =
? IU
/L
P—Ch
orio
gona
dotr
opin
be
ta-c
hain
; ar
b.su
bst.c
.(IRP
75/
551;
pr
oc.)
= ?
IU/L
Plas
ma
Chor
iogo
-na
dotr
opin
be
ta-c
hain
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
IRP
75/5
51;
proc
edur
eIU
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
198
NPU
0415
3Le
ukoc
ytes
(Blo
od)—
Larg
e un
stai
ned
cells
; num
ber f
racti
on =
?
Lkcs
(B)—
Larg
e un
stai
ned
cells
; num
.fr. =
?Le
uko-
cyte
sBl
ood
Larg
e un
-st
aine
d ce
llsnu
mbe
r fr
actio
nCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
199
FSH
NPU
1886
9Pl
asm
a—Fo
llitr
opin
; ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on
(pro
cedu
re) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
P—Fo
llitr
opin
; ar
b.su
bst.c
.(pro
c.) =
? (p
.d.u
.)Pl
asm
aFo
llitr
opin
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
proc
edur
e(p
.d.u
.)Cl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
200
NPU
1322
7Pl
asm
a—Ca
t dan
der-e
pith
eliu
m
antib
ody(
IgE)
; ar
bitr
ary
subs
tanc
e co
ncen
trati
on(e
1;
proc
edur
e) =
? (p
.d.u
.)
P—Ca
t dan
der-e
pith
eliu
m
antib
ody(
IgE)
; ar
b.su
bst.c
.(e1;
pro
c.) =
?
(p.d
.u.)
Plas
ma
Cat d
ande
r-ep
ithel
ium
an
tibod
y
IgE
arbi
trar
y su
bsta
nce
conc
entr
ation
e1; p
roce
dure
(p.d
.u.)
Clin
ical
Al
lerg
olog
yRa
tio
201
CEA
NPU
1971
9Pl
asm
a—Ca
rcin
oem
bryo
nic
antig
en;
mas
s con
cent
ratio
n =
? µg
/LP—
Carc
inoe
mbr
yoni
c an
tigen
; mas
s c. =
? µ
g/L
Plas
ma
Carc
ino-
embr
yoni
c an
tigen
mas
s co
ncen
trati
onµg
/LCl
inic
al
Bioc
hem
istry
Ratio
Rank
(s
ee
com
-m
en-
tary
)
*Non
-au-
thor
ized
indi
ca-
tions
(t
rivia
l te
rms
and
abbr
evia
-tio
ns)
**N
PU
iden
tifier
Com
preh
ensi
ve, s
yste
mati
c N
PU
term
of l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
s
Abbr
evia
ted
NPU
te
rm o
f lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
ons
Syst
emSy
s-
spec
.Pr
efix
Com
pone
ntCo
mp-
spec
.Ki
nd-o
f-pr
oper
ty”
Proc
edur
eU
nit
Spec
ialit
ySc
ale
type
* ‘1
’ ind
icat
es th
e m
ost f
requ
ent l
abor
ator
y ex
amin
ation
per
from
ed b
y Da
nish
, Dut
ch, N
orw
egia
n an
d Sw
edish
labo
rato
ries
** T
he c
onte
nt o
f thi
s col
umn
has n
ot b
een
valid
ated
, and
may
sole
ly b
e a
help
for t
he re
ader
s to
find
the
exac
t lab
orat
ory
exam
inati
on. T
he tr
ivia
l ter
ms m
ay v
ary
betw
een
lang
uage
s and
cul
ture
s.j
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