regional and social dimensions of innovation systems: development strategies for brics mariano...

Regional and Social Dimensions of Regional and Social Dimensions of Innovation Systems: Development Innovation Systems: Development

Strategies for BRICSStrategies for BRICS

Mariano LaplaneMariano LaplaneNEIT/IE - UNICAMPNEIT/IE - UNICAMP

BRICS Project WorkshopBRICS Project WorkshopRio de Janeiro Abril de 2007Rio de Janeiro Abril de 2007

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Share in World Exports 1960-2003Share in World Exports 1960-2003

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

%

IndiaChinaBrazilKorea, Rep.PolandRussian Federation

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Export Composition - 2004 (%)

  Brazil China India

Primary Products 32.6 3.2 15.6

Resource Intensive 21.9 6.9 29.8

Low Tech Intensity 11.0 39.2 35.5

Medium Tech Intensity 24.9 19.0 12.8

High Tech Intensity 7.9 30.5 5.4

Others 1.7 1.1 0.9

Total 100 100 100

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* 1993 and 2003 Source: UNIDO

1995 2005Var 1995-2005

(%)Brazil 2.4 2.2 -8.3Russian Fed. 1.4 1.8 28.6India 1.0 1.2 20.0China 4.2 8.0 90.5South Africa 0.5 0.5 0.0Rep. of Korea 2.2 3.4 54.5USA* 21.2 23.3 9.9J apan 21.1 19.0 -10.0Mexico 1.0 1.1 10.0

BRICS and selected countries % in World MVA BRICS and selected countries % in World MVA

1995 and 20051995 and 2005

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BRICS: MVA BRICS: MVA per capitaper capita (95’ constant S$) (95’ constant S$)

1995 and 20051995 and 2005

Source: UNIDO

1995 2005Var 1995-2005

(%)Brazil 873 941 7.8Russian Fed. 555 989 78.2India 62 92 48.4China 203 479 136.0South Africa 715 834 16.6Developed 5,089 5,870 15.3Developing 268 455 69.8

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0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Anos

Nº

de A

rtig

os

BRASIL

CHINA

INDIA

Cientific DevelopmentCientific Development

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Brazil 4.647 2003

Russian Federation 5.534 2003

India 3.743 2001

China 18.601 2003

South Africa 710 2002

BRICS R&D Expenditures ($ millions)

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BRICS: R&D Expenditure(% of GDP)

  2000 2003 %)

Brazil 1,0 1,0 -0,9

Russian Federation 1,0 1,3 21,8

India 0,8 na -

China 1,0 1,3 31,1

South Africa na 0,8 -

High income: OECD 2,5 2,4 -1,0

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BRICS Researchers in R&D(per million people)

Brazil 2000 344

Russian Federation 2004 3.319

India 1999 119

China 2004 708

South Africa 2001 307

High income: OECD 2002 3.804

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BRICS and selected countries: stock of BRICS and selected countries: stock of patent applications, residents, 2001patent applications, residents, 2001

Number %Brazil 6,706 0.7

Russia 25,046 2.7India 234 0.0China 30,324 3.2

South Africa 175 0.0

Korea, Rep. 74,001 7.9

USA 190,907 20.3Japan 388,390 41.4

Mexico 594 0.1

World 939,267 100.0

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BRICS: GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2000)

  1990 2004 2005 %)

Brazil 6.497 7.531 7.808 20,2

Russian Fed. 10.152 9.098 9.747 -4,0

India 1.701 2.907 3.118 83,3

China 1.597 5.419 5.878 268,1

South Africa 10.048 10.472 11.044 9,9

High income: OECD 23.076 29.411 29.997 30,0

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BRICS and selected countries: BRICS and selected countries: Gini index/ social unequalityGini index/ social unequality

Is the highly unevenly distributed income a serious development problem for Brazil and South Africa? Is China increasing social unequality a problem for the future?

Source: UNDP

Most recent dataBrazil 59.3Russia 31.0India 32.5China 44.7South Africa 57.8Mexico 54.6Korea, Rep. 31.6USA 40.8Japan 24.9

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BRICS: Urban population (% of total)

  1995 2005 %)

Brazil 74,8 84,2 12,6

Russian Federation 73,4 73,0 -0,5

India 25,5 28,7 12,5

China 27,4 40,4 47,4

South Africa 52,0 59,3 14,0

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BRICS: Poverty headcount ratio at $2 a day (% of population)

Brazil 21,7 2003

Russian Federation 13,5 2002

India 81,3 2000

China 46,7 2001

South Africa 34,1 2000

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BRICS portrait: population, area, density, BRICS portrait: population, area, density, total and per capita domestic producttotal and per capita domestic product

Brazil 183.913 8.547.403 22 593.091 3.225

South Africa 47.208 1.221.037 39 212.777 4.507

China* 1.285.342 9.560.961 134 1.895.000 1.474

India 1.087.124 3.287.263 331 680.682 626

Russian Federation 143.899 17.075.400 8 582.319 4.047

* revised.

Source: UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics, 2005.

Density inhabitants

per km2

Population Nominal GDP 2004

total per capitatotal 2004 thousands

Area km2