regional visions of integrated sustainable infrastructure optimised for neighbourhoods

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Urban Water Management

Dr Raziyeh Farmani (r.farmani@exeter.ac.uk)

Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, UK

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Research• Water Resources Management,

– Groundwater contamination, Denmark– Integrated aquifer management, Spain– Flood plain management, Hungary and Ukraine

• Asset Management, – Water distribution system, Portugal, UK, Iran– Irrigation networks, Spain– Water supply, Czech Republic

• Hydroinformatics– Development and application of optimisation techniques to engineering

systems– ICT (smart water metering) for supply-demand management

• Urban Water and sustainability, – UK and Italy

• UK Context and approach• Research:

– Form– Function

• Conclusions

OutlineOutline

UK water contextUK water context

• Reduce per capita potable water demand to 130 l/p/d by 2030

• Improve surface water management, especially to manage flood risk

• Continue progress in improving environmental water quality to Water Framework Directive ‘good’ status

• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions (80% by 2050).

• Provide 200,000 new homes by 2016.

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Water Stress levels in EnglandWater Stress levels in England

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

• Impact of urban form

• Trend

• Compaction

• Market led

• Impact of water technology options

• Water efficient appliance

• Rainwater Harvesting (RWH)

• Greywater Reuse (GWR)

Water Supply-demand balance

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

• Sustainable Drainage (SuDS)

• Pond

• Swale

• Permeable Pavement

• Green Roofs

Water technologies

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Water consumption – PCC (Wider South East Water Companies, 2031)

Defra 2030 water use target for England

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Water consumption and %metered households (Wider South East, 2031)

130

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Supply Demand Balance(Wider South East, 2031)

Thames Water, London

Essex & Suffolk Water, Essex

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

General data

2031 Essex & Suffolk Water -

Essex

Thames Water - London

Total Population 1,782,593 7,731,805

Total Properties 825,172 3,391,403

Total Household Metering penetration

71% 52%

Supply-Demand Balance -57.48 Ml/d -311.78 Ml/d

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Greywater Reuse (GWR)Essex & Suffolk Water - Essex

• Greywater supply (71.6 l/p/d, 50% of domestic water demand)– Hand basin – Shower– Bath

• Demand for greywater (35.6 l/p/d, 49% of domestic greywater supply)– Toilet

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Rainwater Harvesting (RWH)

• Average annual rainfall• Available roof area• Number of occupants sharing the roof area• Tank size

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Urban Form

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Tile-based Water Service Optioneering

Detached House Flat

RWH - individual

RWH - communal

GWR - individual

GWR - communal

Swale

Pervious pavements

Pond

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Area Type – Water Service Optioneering

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Land Use – Water modelling framework

Land use Water service optioneering

Tile based data Water Company data

Technology costs and energy

Ward

Water Resource Zone

Water Company

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Impact of urban form on supply-demand balance

Chelmsford

ML

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

Water demand management

Essex Water Resource Zone

• Water Company projections for demand and meter penetration

• Water Company projections for demand and 100% meter penetration

• Water efficient appliances

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

water demand management option

Total Dwellings

Total Population

Total Demand (Ml/d)

supply-demand balance (Ml/d)

Water saving (GWR, Ml/d)

Supply-demand balance

(GWR impact)

Water Saving (RWH, Ml/d)

supply-demand balance (RWH

impact)

Water Company 825,172 1,782,593 257 -57.5

Trend

Essex water company 885,051 1,808,432 266 -66.3 32.2 -34.1 11.7 -54.7

100% metering 885,051 1,808,432 258 -58.6 32.2 -26.4 11.9 -46.8

Water efficienct appliances (120 l/p/d) 885,051 1,808,432 247 -47 30.8 -16.2 11.6 -35.4

Essex zone’s supply

demand balance

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

South-East EnglandSupply-demand balance

2031 - Companies projection 2031 – Water efficient appliances

Regional Visions of Integrated Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for Neighbourhoods

South-East EnglandSupply-demand balance

2031 – Water efficient appliances + RWH 2031 – Water efficient appliances + GWR

ConclusionsConclusions

• Water issues increasingly constrain development, yet development itself limits water options, especially innovative ones.

• Shown already there is a tension, between urban form, technological solutions and resulting costs.

• Intend to explore technological options further, especially synergies with other infrastructure.

• Large challenges to overcome as we balance societal, economic and environmental needs