report in child and adolescent development

Good Morning……

Nina Joyce C. Macay

“INTELLIGENCE”

What is INTELLIGENCE?

INTELLIGENCEIs the capacity to think and

understand. It includes the combination of various separate abilities which is the verbal communication, abstract thinking, logical reasoning and use of common senses.

Four Different Approaches

1. Psychometric Approach2. Factor Analysis and General

Intelligence3. Cognitive Approach4. Implicit Theory Approach

Psychometric Approach Refers to

measurement of hidden intelligence or mental characteristics. Through analysis of results of intelligence tests the structure of human intelligence is caused by one factor or a combination factors.

The psychometric approach was established by British psychologist Charles Spearman

Factor Analysis and General Intelligence

This approach is similar to the concept of “factoring” in mathematics where complex algebraic expressions are simplified to arrive at the common multiplier of all terms.

Factor analysis establishes the relation of different measures of intelligence.

Factor analysis will reveal a different common factor given particular situation.

Two Factor Theory of Intelligence

G Factor means the

General Intelligence

S Factor mean the

intellectual task

Cognitive Approach Concerns itself with

the processes that result to intelligent behaviour. The products of intelligence come from mental operations that enable one to give answers to questions and solutions to problems.

Robert Sternberg has argued that there is a joint operation of COMPONENT and

METACOMPONENTS of intelligence.

COMPONENT

• COMPONENTS include all the cognitive processes that afford the person ability to respond to stimuli, store information, perform mental comparisons, arrive at solutions and engage in a system of recall from long term memory

METACOMPONENT

• METACOMPONENTS are the higher-order processes that we use to analyze a problem and to pick a strategy for solving it.

Implicit Theory Approach

asserts that intelligence is that which is used every day. A person manifest practical intelligence by trying to analyze situations, solve problems and interpret information by being conscious of the implications of his actions on other.

Three Factors which Affect Modern Development,

Psychologists point to Age-Related Changes – Universal, Group Specific and Individual

Universal Changes Universal changes are

changes all individuals undergo as biological organism. We all go through the process of growth and maturation as we age.

All physical changes that happen from infancy to adulthood are programmed and re part of the plan for the physical body.

“Right time to live an independent life”

Group – Specific Changes Group specific changes are

changes manifested and observed from members growing up together in a particular group and hence influenced by the dominant culture. This includes a system of meaning, customs, language, values, attitudes, traits, laws, beliefs, morals guidelines and physical artifacts.

Individual Changes These changes are

typical of particular individuals and which result from unique, unshared events. Every individual is unique, a product of a unique combination of genes which sets him apart from anyone.

Body Type

Skin Colour

Facial Contours

Other Individual differences

• Critical Period – is the stage at which an individual is most sensitive to the presence or absence of some particular experience.

• Sensitive Period – is the stage at which a child may be particularly responsive to specific forms of experience or particularly influenced by their absence.

Thank You…….