role of “waste to energy” technology in a sustainable waste management approach
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Role of “Waste to Energy” Technology in a Sustainable Waste Management Approach
Workshop: Waste Management in Gurgaon 10.07.2013
Agenda
Introduction
Waste to Energy
Hitachi Zosen
Role of «Waste to Energy» in an Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Approach
Recommendations
2
Introduction
3
Definintion of Waste to Energy
Waste to Energy (WtE) or Energy from Waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the incineration of waste.
Source:
wikipedia.org
Waste to Energy is an Incineration process in which solid waste is converted into thermal energy to generate steam that drives turbines for electricity generators.
Source: businessdictionary.com
4
Waste Treatment Technologies
Category Method Technology
Landfill
Mechanical Biological Treatment Recycling
Composting
Anaerobic Digestion
Thermal Treatment Combustion Grate
Fluid Bed
Rotary Kiln
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Plasma
Autoclaving
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Grate Combustion (Massburn)
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First Waste Fire in Cleveland (UK) on 8. July 2013, 2:15 PM
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Waste to Energy Technology
Delivery
Weighting Station
Sliding Gates to Stop Odors
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Waste to Energy Technology
Waste Pit
Waste Storage
Waste Cranes to Mix Waste
Fire-Extinguishing System
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Waste to Energy Technology
Fu
rnac
e
Feed Hopper
Grate
Ram Feeder
Primary Air
Secondary Air
Bottom Ash Extractor
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Waste to Energy Technology
Boiler
Steam Production
Water / Steam System
Electricity Production
Districting Heating / Pocess Steam
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Waste to Energy Technology
Flue Gas Treatment
Electrostatic Precipitator
«Reactor»
Fabric Filter
Scrubber
ID Fan / Stack
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1 2 3 4 5 Service Provider (e.g. maintenance, revisions, operation)
Components Provider (e.g. combustion, boiler, FGT components)
General Contractor for turnkey plants without civil works
General Contractor for turnkey plants with civil works
System Provider (e.g. combustion system, FGT system)
The Role of Hitachi Zosen
Hitachi Zosen is a Technology Provider not a Developer
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75 Years Experience In Building Waste to Energy Plants
1823Ludwig von Roll founded„Company of Ludwig vonRoll‘s Ironworks“
1937 / 39Construction of first waste treatment plant in Dordrecht,Netherlands
2010December 20th Von Roll Inovabecame a company ofHitachi Zosen Corporation
1933Establishment of „L. von Roll Aktiengesellschaftfür kommunale Anlagen“(today Hitachi Zosen Inova)
1960Beginning of long-term license partnership betweenVon Roll and Hitachi Zosen Corporation
XIV SIMAI São Paulo 06. Novembro 2012 - Roland P. Greil
In April 2012 Hitachi Zosen India opened its Hyderabad-based branch office, which is solely dedicated to provide WTE solutions for the Indian market.
Americas 24
Europe 237
South Africa 2
Asia 214
Australia 3
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Hitachi Zosen’s Global Reference Projects
24237
214
32
14
Global 480
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Hitachi Zosen’s Global Reference Projects
480
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WTE Plant Rural Integrated Infrastructure
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EfW-Plant, Hinwil, Switzerland
Throughput flue gas per years
• 2 x 87,500 Nm3/h (nom.)
• 2 x 120,000 Nm3/h (max.)
WTE Plant – Urban Integrated Infrastructure
17
EfW-Plant, Issy-les-Moulinaux (Paris), France
•Throughput per day 1260 t/d
•Thermal capacity 2 x 85.1 MW
WTE Plant Riverside – High Efficiency For Large Cities
Lines 3
Waste throughput per line: 31.8 t/h
Thermal power of waste: 238.5 MW
Electrical power gross: 73 MW
Electrical power net: 65 MW
Electrical Efficiency net: 27.3 %(net = excluding power to run plant)
Emissions safely comply with Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EG)
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Gasification
Oxidation Flue Gas Cleaning
WSC Generator
Waste
ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger
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Xiamen, China
l Waste incineration plant with two incineration lines for the city of Xiamen known as „Garden on the Sea“
l State-of-the-art furnace, flue gas cleaning, metal separation
l Hitachi Zosen Inova responsible for overall process design, grate, boiler, semi dry reactor and bag filter, detail design, supply of key components, erection and commissioning supervision
Client Xiamen Environment &Sanitation ComprehensiveProcess Plan
Start-up 2006
TechnologyFurnace Grate furnaceEnergy recovery 4-pass boiler, turbineFlue gas treatment Semi dry processResidue treatment Metal separation of slag
Technical DataFuel Municipal wasteWaste capacity 144,000 t/a (2 x 9 t/h)Net calorific value 1400 Kcal/kgThermal capacity 29.4 MWSteam 31.8 t/h (40 bar, 400°C)
Key Data
Role of Waste to Energy in an Integrated Solid Waste Management Approach
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Integrated Sustainable Waste Management
Prevention
Reduction
Recycling
Recovery
Disposal
While the priority clearly is on prevention, reduction and recycling of waste, there will always be remaining waste quantities that must be disposed somehow.
«Zero Waste» is not Possible
Zero Waste is mainly an academic term only
There are unlimited costs involved when MSW has to be processed such, that 100% can be reused and recycled.
There is not a single municipality in the world, which has successfully introduced a waste management system with «Zero Waste»
It took the US 40 years to reach a recycling rate of 38%
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Zero Waste = Zero Success
Why to Incinerate Waste?
Less landfill space required
Have chemically stable resdidues only
Thermal Utilization of Energy Content
Reduction of green house gas emissions
Material Utilization
Reduce transportation distances
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Many industralized countries ban MSW landfills
Strengths and Weaknesses of WTE
Strengths Weaknesses
• No pretreatment required
• Proven / high availability
• Commercially available
• Energy recovery
• High volume reduction
• Transportation costs lower than for landfill
•High Capital Costs
•Residue Disposal
•Expert knowhow required to assure “safe” emissions
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WTE – State of the Art Technology
25ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger
EfW-Plant, Dordrecht, Netherlands1937
EfW-Plant, Riverside, London, UK2011
Mercedes-Benz 540 K Spezial Roadster1937
Mercedes-Benz SLK 55 AMG2011
WTE Emissions – From A Dark Yesterday To A Bright Today
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Source: Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU) of Switzerland
Dioxins and Furans Mercury
Chorides Cadmium
Traffic Domestic Industry WtE
ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger
Emissions to the Atmosphere in Switzerland
International Situation
900 WTE plants in operation worldwide (110 in China, 1 in India)
The best integrated waste management systems around the world, always use a combination of recycling and Waste to Energy to achieve less than 1% of waste landfilling
Countries with the highest incineration rates, are at the same time those countries with the highest living standards and the longest live expectations
Countries with the highest incineration rates, are at the same time those countries with the highest recycling rates
27
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Waste Management Europe 2010
Landfilled
Recycled
EfW
Data by Eurostat
29
Example Mallorca Island (Spain)Recycling and Incineration go Hand in Hand
Components
Sewage sludge – solar drying
Packaging facility for recycling plastic
Methanization facility
Visitor center
Energy-from-Waste facility
The Indispensable Approach to Sustainable Waste Management
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Waste to Energy is one of the most robust and effective alternative options for reducing green house gas emissions
WTE generation replaces 7-38 million tons of fossil fuels (equaling 19-37 million tons of CO2) in Europe
114 million tons of CO2 equivalents could potentially be avoided by 2020 in EU-27 by avoiding landfill of untreated waste
WTE plants supply 13 million EU households with electricity and 12 million with heat
Source: Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy plants (cewep.eu)
Situation in India
«Our extensive research has shown conclusively that after all possible recycling and combosting are done, the only two alternatives for dealing with the post-recycling municipal solid waste are combustion with energy recovery and landfilling.»
«A future without landfills is not possible without Waste to Energy»
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Official Response to BBMP Bangalore Expert / Technical Comittee Recommendations by
Waste to Energy Research and Technolgoy Council – India (WTERT)National Environmental Engineering Research Institiute (NEERI)
Earth Engineering Center (EEC), Columbia University USA
The National Bio-Energy Board (NBB) of the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) has developed the “National Master Plan of India for Development of Waste-to-Energy Projects” with a clear recommendation to provide special loans for Waste-to-Energy projects.
Recommendations
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Waste Cycle
Consuming
Waste Disposal
Energy Recovery
LandfillRaw Materials
Power Generation
Manufacturing
Distribution
Waste Transport
Ideal Waste Management Setup according to Hitachi Zosen
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Separate Collection
of Recyclables
UtilizationLandfill
with final disposal quality
Incineration
with Recuperation of Residues
Municipal Waste
Infrastructure Development of a Typical Society
35
Recommendations are a Matter of Priorities
Identify basic requirements
Identify and integrate all stakeholders from the beginning
Plan longterm (develop a vision)
Identify the most urgent problems
Assign priorities along the Waste Cycle
Address different problems separately (there is never a single solution)
Keep it simple and realistic but in line with the vision
Do not select exotic solutions
Get familiar with «Lessons Learned» from other countries
Try to work with experts only (with proper experience)
Try to utilize the forces of the free market economy in as many areas as possible
36
Is Waste to Energy a Solution for your Municipality?
If reduction of landfilling is a priority, because of…
Negative Impact on Local population
Contribution to Climate Change
Because Energy content of remaining waste should be of higher priority
There is simply not more space for new landfills (!)
If the frame conditions are such that a WTE project might become financially viable
Municipality is willing to pay «reasonable» Gate Fees for disposal
«and/or» electricity sales price is attractive
«and/or» financial support is available for the developer
Capital Requirement of approx. INR 10 cr / MW
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LoCal 580 - WTE Concept for Low Calorific Waste
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Goal and design Values of Local 580
Goal
Develop EfW plant for
Markets with low calorific value (Asia, South America)
High efficiency
Production of electricity
Standardised basic design
Supplied by local office of HZI
Consider local supplies and local services as far as possible
Design
580 tons per day(not pre-treated municipal solid waste)
Gross power output = 8.0 MWel
Plant in operation without use of auxiliary fuel
Conclusions
There will always be a remaining amount of waste that must be disposed somehow
A sustainable waste mangement system does include incineration as an important factor to reduce the overall impact on the environment.
Indian municipalities must set priorities, whereas WTE currently will not be the highest, unless scarcity of land for new landfills is the dominating factor
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Thank you very much
www.hz-india.com
Linkedin – Hitachi Zosen India Pvt. Ltd.
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