s1. formulas for statistical evaluation indexes

S1. Formulas for statistical evaluation indexes

In the following formulas, Mi, Oi, Ō represent simulated value of record i, observed value of

record i, mean of observed values for 1 to N. N are total number of records.

1. Mean Bias (MB)

MB = ∑

2. Wind Normalized Mean Bias (WNMB)

WNMB = ∑

° 100%

3. Wind Normalized Mean Error (WNME)

WNME = ∑ | |

° 100%

4. Mean Average Gross Error (MAGE)

MAGE = ∑ | |

5. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)

RMSE = ∑

6. Mean Fractional Bias (MFB)

MFB = ∑

7. Mean Fractional Error (MFE)

MFE = ∑ | |

8. Mean Normalized Bias (MNB)

MNB = ∑

9. Mean Normalized Error (MNE)

MNE = ∑ | |

10. Normalized Mean Bias (NMB)

NMB = ∑

∑X100%

11. Normalized Mean Error (NME)

NME = ∑ | |

∑X100%

12. Index of agreement (IOA)

IOA = 1 ∑

∑ | | | |

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

S2. Surface weather map for 08:00 LST (a) Nov. 2, 2015, (b) Oct. 29, 2015, (c) Nov. 7, 2015, and

(d) Oct. 26, 2015

S3. The time series of simulated PM2.5 (red open circle) and simulated planetary boundary layer

height (black filled circle) at CAFE station from Oct 16, 2015 to Nov 15, 2015

12

34 

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f) (g) (h)

(i) (j) (k) (l)

(m) (n) (o) (p)

S4. Simulated wind field and PM2.5 concentration distribution at (a) 18:00 Nov. 6 (b) 22:00 Nov.

6 (c) 02:00 Nov. 7 (d) 06:00 Nov. 7 (e) 10:00 Nov. 7 (f) 14:00 Nov. 7 (g) 18:00 Nov. 7 (h) 22:00

Nov. 7 (i) 02:00 Nov. 8 (j) 06:00 Nov. 8 (k) 10:00 Nov. 8 (l) 14:00 Nov. 8 (m) 18:00 Nov. 8 (n)

22:00 Nov. 8 (o) 02:00 Nov. 9 (p) 06:00 Nov. 9, 2015