safer skies the safer skies agenda originated in 1998 when the administrator and her team identified...

Safer Skies• The Safer Skies

agenda originated in 1998 when the Administrator and her team identified the most critical and most common causes for aviation accidents.

Risk Management

• The Safer Skies program in general is about identifying risk issues and doing something about them.

Aviation Weather

• 27% of all aviation accidents are weather-related, and that over 90% of all weather accidents were caused by pilot error, deficiencies in pilot judgment, and shortcomings having to do with any number of other problems of pilot origin

•27%

Aviation Weather

• 27% of all aviation accidents are weather-related, and that over 90% of all weather accidents were caused by pilot error, deficiencies in pilot judgment, and shortcomings having to do with any number of other problems of pilot origin

• Over 90%

Information Management

• A pilot needs to go beyond just knowing about weather;

Information Management

• A pilot needs to know how to plan for it and deal with it in the course of a flight

Pilot Responsibility

• It’s not weather that crashes airplanes . . . It’s pilots making bad decisions about weather

PPP

• A simple way to apply the decision making process is the three P’s . . . Perceive, Process, Perform

Dangerous Business

9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138

million flight hours.

Dangerous Business

• 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours

• one accident for every 1500 flight hours

Dangerous Business

• 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours.

• one accident for every 1500 flight hours

• Of these 9087 accidents, 1716 were fatal

Dangerous Business

• 9087 general aviation accidents in an estimated 138 million flight hours.

• one accident for every 1500 flight hours

Dangerous Business

• Of these 9087 accidents, 1716 were fatal

• resulting in 2976 deaths

• 27% of all G.A. accidents are weather related

Dangerous Business

• 27% of all G.A. accidents are weather related

• 490 per year relate to weather

• 30% of weather accidents are fatal

Dangerous Business

• 254 deaths per year that can be attributed to weather and pilots’ inability to cope with the conditions and the circumstances

Solutions

• Knowledge• Training• Discipline

Solutions

KNOWLEDGE

• Common Sense

• Education

Solutions

KNOWLEDGE

• Common Sense

• Education

Solutions

TRAINING• Initial Training

Solutions

TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft

Solutions

TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft• Additional Ratings

Solutions

TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft• Additional Ratings• Experience

Solutions

TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft• Additional Ratings• Experience• Competency

Checks

Solutions

TRAINING• Initial Training• Additional Aircraft• Additional Ratings• Experience• Competency

Checks• Recurrent

Training

Solutions

DISCIPLINE• Practice

Solutions

DISCIPLINE• Practice• Currency

Solutions

DISCIPLINE• Practice• Currency• Review

Solutions

DISCIPLINE• Practice• Currency• Review• Commitment

Weather Information

• Presentation

• Understanding

Weather Sources

Official Sources

• NWS• FAA

Weather Sources

Sources• DUATS• DTN• WSI• NWS• ARTCC• TWEB/AWOS/ASOS/ATIS

Weather Sources

• NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

Weather Sources

• NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

• AVIATION WEATHER CENTER

Weather Sources

• NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

• AVIATION WEATHER CENTER

• NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

Weather Sources

• NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

• AVIATION WEATHER CENTER

• NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

• FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

What Do You Need?

LOCAL FLIGHTPLANNING

• Wind• Visibility• Developing

Weather

What Do You Need?

BEYONDVICINITY

• Current information per FAR 91.103

Weather Threats

• Turbulence• Convection

• Icing• Obstructions to Visibility

Weather Threats

• Frontal Boundaries

Weather Threats

Air Mass

Weather Threats

Fronts

Weather Threats

Fronts• Cold Front

• Unstable

• Warm Front• stable

Weather Threats

Warm Frontal Region conducive to:

• Icing• Fog• Low level clouds• Rain/Mist

Weather Threats

Icing• Moisture

• Temperatures between +2º Celsius and - 40º Celsius

Weather Threats

Icing Options

• Turn Around• Ascend• Descend

Weather Threats

Icing• Rime

• Clear

Weather Threats

Icing

• Rime• Opaque• Milky Colored

Weather Threats

Icing• Clear

• Less Opaque• Denser• Smoother• SLD

Weather Threats

Clear Air Turbulence

• Hundreds of Miles Downwind

• Leeward of Mountains

Weather Threats

Thunderstorms

• Cumulonimbus

• Unstable Air

Weather Threats

Thunderstorms

• Growth

Weather Threats

Thunderstorms

• Mature

Weather Threats

Thunderstorms

• Dissipating

Weather Threats

Microbursts• Sudden and

Intense Windstorms Preceding a Thunderstorm

Weather Threats

Obscuration to Visibility

• Fog• Low Ceilings• Haze

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Newspaper• Radio• Internet• Telephone• Personal Briefing• Personal Observation

Weather Information

In-flight• Personal Observation• ARTCC/ATC• Radio Contact with FSS• AWOS/ASOS/ATIS/TWEBs• VOR Voice Monitoring• FISDL Links

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• DTN• WSI• DUATS• OTHERS

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Satellite View

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Radar View• Surface

Analysis

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Satellite View• Surface

Analysis• Winds Aloft

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Satellite View• Surface

Analysis• Winds Aloft• Regional Radar

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Satellite View• Surface Analysis• Winds Aloft• Regional Radar• FA

1038 AMD SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL 140300 CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL 132100...OTLK

VALID 132100-140300 ME NH VT MA RI CT NY LO NJ PA OH LE

WV MD DC DE VA AND CSTL WTRS

OH LE..UPDT OVC010-020 LYRD FL250. VIS 3-5SM

SHRA/-SHRA BR. ERN HLF SCT -TSRA. CB TOP FL410. AFT 13Z VCNTY

LE NELY WND 20G30KT. OTLK...IFR CIG RA BR.

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Satellite View• Surface Analysis• Winds Aloft• Regional Radar• FA• METAR

Approximate Time: Thu, 27 Nov 2003 19:33:33 UTC

METARs for kvld kluk klex KLEX 271854Z 00000KT 2 1/2SM

-RA BR OVC016 09/09 A2995 RMK AO2

  SLP141 P0002 T00940089 $= KLUK 271853Z 00000KT 5SM -

RA BR OVC006 09/08 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP145

  P0003 T00890083= KVLD 271853Z 19010KT 10SM

BKN042 BKN049 26/17 A3008 RMK AO2 SLP194

  T02610167=

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Satellite View• Surface Analysis• Winds Aloft• Regional Radar• FA• METAR• TAF

KLUK 271740Z 271818 19004KT 4SM -RA BR SCT006 OVC025

  TEMPO 1819 2SM RA BR OVC006

  FM1900 22005KT 5SM BR OVC010

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Satellite View

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Surface Analysis

• Surface Forecast

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Wind and Temperature

• FD

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Regional Radar

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• Area Forecast (FA)• Issued 3 times daily• 4 times in Hawaii • 18 hour synopsis

• 1038 AMD • SYNOPSIS AND VFR CLDS/WX • SYNOPSIS VALID UNTIL 140300 • CLDS/WX VALID UNTIL

132100...OTLK VALID 132100-140300

• ME NH VT MA RI CT NY LO NJ PA OH LE WV MD DC DE VA AND CSTL WTRS

• OH LE..UPDT • OVC010-020 LYRD FL250. VIS

3-5SM SHRA/-SHRA BR. ERN HLF SCT

• -TSRA. CB TOP FL410. AFT 13Z VCNTY LE NELY WND 20G30KT.

• OTLK...IFR CIG RA BR.

Weather Information

FA

GASERN . . . BKN-OVC-015. TOPS O30. VIS 3-5 SM

BR. 16-17Z BKN 030. 18-20Z SCT-BKN040 BKN CI. OTLK . . . VFR

Weather Information

Pre-flight• Aerodrome

Terminal Forecast (TAF)

• Issued 4 times daily • Valid for 24 hours

• KLUK 271740Z 271818 19004KT 4SM -RA BR SCT006 OVC025

•   TEMPO 1819 2SM RA BR OVC006

•   FM1900 22005KT 5SM BR OVC010

Weather Information

TAFKLUK 271404Z 271412 16004KT 3SM – RA BR

SCTO25 OVC 045TEMPO 1416 1SM RA BR SCT015 OVC045

Weather Information

Pre-flight

• METAR• Issued Hourly (at

least)

KLUK 271853Z 00000KT 5SM -RA BR OVC006 09/08 A2996 RMK AO2 SLP145

  P0003 T00890083=

Weather Information

METAR

KLUK 271604Z 00000KT 2SM RA BR FEW008 BKN024 0VC029 08/07 A3002 RMK A02 P0002=

Weather Information

Pre-flight

AFSS• Outlook Briefing

• 6 hours or more in the future

Weather Information

Pre-flight

AFSS• Standard Briefing

• If you have not received a previous briefing

Weather Information

Pre-flight

AFSS• Abbreviated Briefing

• If you just need to supplement current information

Weather Information

PIREPS In-flight• Flight Watch

122.0• Flight Service (on published

frequencies)

Weather Information

In-flight• AWOS(Automatic Weather Observation System)• ASOS(Automatic Surface Observation System)• ATIS(Automatic Terminal Information System)• HIWAS(Hazardous Information Weather Advisory

System)• TWEB(Transcribed Weather Broadcast)• WEATHER ADVISORY BROADCASTS

Weather Information

Aeronautical Information

Manual(AIM)

Flight Planning

Visualization

Weather Planning

Weather Planning

Flight Planning

Flight Planning

Flight Planning

Flight Planning

Flight Planning

Flight Planning