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Saugata Dasgupta
Urban Specialist
India Resident Mission
Context
Smart cities development
Cities will be locus and engine of economic growth
Making cities competitive, livable, sustainable & bankable
Make in India
To make India a global manufacturing hub by creating enabling business environment and infrastructure
Opening up of new manufacturing sectors in India for private sector investment and foreign direct investment
Karnataka Vision- 2020 Make Karnataka a globally competitive destination
Employment-driven economic development
Sustainable and orderly industrialization and urbanization
Why Bangalore Metropolitan Region(BMR)?
Unprecedented spatial and population growth
Mostly concentrated in Bangalore city so far
Pivotal role in achieving Karnataka’s Vision 2020
Bangalore already exhibit some semblance of economic clusters
Prevalent economic activities
Potential to achieve enhanced growth and employment-driven economic development, if enabling business environment and infrastructure is created
Bangalore is more service oriented economy- opportunity to lead industry-oriented development & accompanying urbanization in outer areas
The State’s reform willingness
Potential for replicability
ADB’s long association with the State in the urban Sector
The Proposed Project
Objective
To increase competitiveness of BMR Region in a way that also promotes inclusive and environmentally sustainable growth
Key outputs/pillars to achieve the objective
Strengthen regional and metropolitan planning
Upgrade key economic and social infrastructure
Enhance urban governance to create a better business & investment climate
Key Information BMR Bangalore City
Area
8000 square km 1220 square km (15% of BMR)
Population 11.7 million 8.4 million (72% of BMR)
Workforce participation rate
52% -highest compared to all other metros
Economy 85% (3.98 million) are engaged in services as well as manufacturing sector Tertiary sector is the biggest economic driver (63%)
Key sectors 1. IT (alone provide 800,000 high paying job) 2. Aerospace and Aviation industries (10,000 jobs and
accounts 65% of aerospace business in India) 3. Biotechnology 4. Electronics System Design and Manufacturing 5. Automotive 6. Textile and garments 7. Manufacturing 8. Floriculture
Key Features Planning Approach
Cluster-based city economic development
Financing
Leverage project fund ($459 million) for private sector investment
Structuring of new financing modalities
Implementation Strategy
Multi-stakeholder demand-based infrastructure development
Use of purpose specific special purpose vehicles
Promoting sectoral coordination and convergence
Phasing of key reform actions
Establishing a strong partnership between public & private sectors
Planning Approach Phase 1A (Completed)
A City Competitiveness Assessment
Identification of key Economic Sectors and clusters
Assessment of Policy, Institutional & Legal Framework
A Strategy for Urban Clusters that will drive the economic growth of the region
Development of criteria for selection of potential clusters
Multi criteria analysis to identify potential clusters
Phase 1B (On going- December 2014)
Technical Pre-feasibility Studies for selected Urban Clusters
Detailed Investment Programme
Phase 2(Yet to Start- June 2015)
Urban Cluster Business Plans for priority clusters
Project Structuring and Feasibility studies
Related to Competitiveness of BMR (Based on Multi Criteria Analysis
and Perception Survey):
Weak regional planning framework and local government institutions
Lack of sustainable infrastructure
Land cost and availability
Related to Project
Structuring appropriate institutional framework
Securing long-term effective coordination mechanisms at state and city level
Timely implementation of business-oriented and other key urban reforms
Securing private participation
Processing the Project by 2016
Key Challenges
Thank you
Rapid Urban Growth
50 Km
Bangalore Metropolitan Region
Investments trends in BMR
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Mill
ion
USD
Aerospace Textiles inc apparel Biotech Electronics Gen Eng IT-BPM Automotive IT Parks
The BMR – Primarily a Service Economy
3.8%
35.7%
60.5%
2.8%
33.7%
63.4%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector
BMR GDP (share of total) FY 2005-06 BMR GDP (share of total) FY 2011-12
Employment Location Quotients
27.0
3.9
19.3
2.5
22.3
4.1 3.2
7.7
1.5 0.3
4.2
1.0
7.6
22.6
6.0
15.1
4.0
27.2
5.9
3.4
8.9
1.7
0.7
5.1
0.9
11.7
-
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
Loca
tion
Quo
tient
Employment LQ - 2011 Employment LQ - 2005
Employment Shift Share Analysis
Employment & Economic Impact
187%
89%
159%
70%
364%
75%
118%
22% 41% 41% 43% 39%
52%
100%
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
400%
Concentration of Key Sectors Across BMR
Forming a Cluster Key considerations in demarcating a Cluster
Semblance of economic activity – KIADB Industrial Area
Land capability – Structure Plan recommendations
Existing urban centre – ULB/CT
Villages – workforce
CLUSTER
ULB/CT
Industrial Area
Villages
Potential land for
development
Urban Clusters for Evaluation
Devanahalli/Int.Airport
Hoskote
Bommasandra-Sarjapura
Anekal
Kanakapura
Harohalli
Bidadi
Ramanagaram
Channapatna
Magadi
Nelamangala
Dobbaspet
DoddaballapurVijayapura
1
2
3
4
14
5
13
9
11
1210
6
7
8Urban Clusters
for Evaluation
MANDYA
Cluster Evaluation Criteria
A total of 18 evaluation criteria were developed under four policy goals
GOAL 1: Economic Growth
GOAL 2: Balanced & inclusive
Urban Development
GOAL 3: Efficient
TransportGOAL 4: Sustainable Utilities
Pillar (Output) 1 Pillars (Outputs) 1 & 3 Pillar (Output) 2 Pillar (Output) 2
Home or proximity to existing dynamic
and successful economic clusters
Land availability for significant urban
development
Location on Major
transport CorridorSource of Water Supply
Proposed new economic sector in
urban cluster
Likely to support social inclusiveness
& equity
Future Road
Connectivity potential
Potential to reuse tertiary
treated water
Existing or proposed KIADB/LPA
Industrial Area
Existing High level Educational &
Health facilities
Existing or proposed
Freight HubsSewerage Network Coverage
Accessibility to Bangalore Int. Airport Land pricesPotential rail based
public transport corridorScientific disposal facility
Availability of industrial incentives &
concessions
Sensitivity of environment of potential
expansion areas
Urban Cluster Evaluation: Summary of Development Potential
Economic Growth Potential
Balanced Urban Development Potential
Efficient Transport Potential
Sustainable Utilities Potential
Dobbaspet High High High Very Low
Nelamangala Low High High Very Low
Doddaballapur High High High Very Low
Devanahalli/Int. Airport Very High Moderate Very High Very Low
Hoskote High Moderate Moderate Very Low
Bommasandra-Sarjapura High Moderate High Very Low
Anekal High Moderate High Very Low
Kanakpura Moderate Moderate Low Moderate
Bidadi High Moderate Very High Low
Harohalli High Moderate Moderate Low
Ramanagaram Very Low Moderate High Moderate
Channapatna Very Low High High Low
Magadi Very Low High Very Low Very Low
Vijayapura Very Low Moderate Very Low Low
Urban Cluster Evaluation: Summary of Development Potential
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Dobbaspet
Nelamangala
Doddaballapur
Devanahalli/Int. Airport
Hoskote
Bommasandra-Sarjapura
Anekal
Kanakpura
Bidadi
Harohalli
Ramanagaram
Channapatna
Magadi
Vijayapura
Urban Cluster Evaluation: Goal 1 Economic Growth
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Dobbaspet
Nelamangala
Doddaballapur
Devanahalli/Int. Airport
Hoskote
Bommasandra-Sarjapura
Anekal
Kanakpura
Bidadi
Harohalli
Ramanagaram
Channapatna
Magadi
Vijayapura
Urban Cluster Evaluation: Goal 2 Balanced Urban Development
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Dobbaspet
Nelamangala
Doddaballapur
Devanahalli/Int. Airport
Hoskote
Bommasandra-Sarjapura
Anekal
Kanakpura
Bidadi
Harohalli
Ramanagaram
Channapatna
Magadi
Vijayapura
Urban Cluster Evaluation:
Goal 3 Efficient Transport
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Dobbaspet
Nelamangala
Doddaballapur
Devanahalli/Int. Airport
Hoskote
Bommasandra-Sarjapura
Anekal
Kanakpura
Bidadi
Harohalli
Ramanagaram
Channapatna
Magadi
Vijayapura
Urban Cluster Evaluation:
Goal 4 Sustainable Utilities
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Dobbaspet
Nelamangala
Doddaballapur
Devanahalli/Int. Airport
Hoskote
Bommasandra-Sarjapura
Anekal
Kanakpura
Bidadi
Harohalli
Ramanagaram
Channapatna
Magadi
Vijayapura
Potential Clusters
Devanahalli/Int. Airport
Hoskote
Bommasandra-Sarjapura
Anekal
Kanakapura
Harohalli
Bidadi
Ramanagaram
Channapatna
Magadi
Nelamangala
Dobbaspet
Doddaballapur Vijayapura
MANDYA
Potential
urban Cluster
City Competitiveness Assessments
• ADB – Survey of 39 cities in SE Asia 2011, Bangalore 3rd – second to Mumbai
in India
• World Bank “Doing Business in India” 2009, Bangalore 13th out of 17 cities
• India Competitiveness Report, 2013, Bangalore 8th in a survey of Indian
cities
• Economist Intelligent Unit, based on 32 indicators, placed Bangalore 94th
out of 120 cities worldwide. Mumbai was 51st & Delhi 69th
• But this relatively poor competitive showing does not mean that IT in
Bangalore is not internationally competitive;
• Nor do strong clusters make a city competitive – indeed the effect of the
success of IT is to drive up costs for other economic sectors.
Perception of the Business environment in BMR
0.690.67
0.730.69
0.730.69
0.710.710.710.67
0.73
0.600.630.63
0.790.830.83
0.670.67
0.77
0.84
0.790.790.76
0.800.76
0.69
0.20
0.61
0.40
0.80
0.20
0.40
0.200.20
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
Institutional Options
One ULB co-terminus with the area of the Cluster – will, however, require extensive capacity building and regulatory amendments for empowering ULB
Formulate an SPV with private sector participation by positioning the Cluster as an National Investment and Manufacturing Zone
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